A Glimpse into Chilean Veterinary Anatomy Educators / Un Vistazo a los Educadores de Anatomía Veterinaria Chilenos

SUMMARY: In veterinary medicine, impressive technological advances in biochemistry, genetics and molecular biology have led to a reduction in the amount of time spent teaching anatomy and a shift toward anatomical research. As classically trained veterinary anatomists began to retire at the beginning of the 2000s, it became evident that there would be a shortage of qualified anatomists. This coincides with the increase in the hiring of recent graduates with general education experience and no specialization in the area. The aim of the study is to characterize the Chilean veterinary anatomy educator with an emphasis on their training and the academic environment they work in. Data were collected through a survey targeting a diverse population of university educators who teach content related to veterinary anatomy in Chile. The results showed that the Chilean veterinary anatomist has reached the master's level, with a wide range of continuous training experiences, from which it is perceived that he has acquired his anatomical and teaching skills. Furthermore, despite his self-perception as an educator/researcher, the evidence showed that research in veterinary anatomy is still in its infancy. However, strengths were identified related to the varied use of teaching resources, participation in the community and the dissemination of anatomical knowledge.

En medicina veterinaria, los impresionantes avances tecnológicos en bioquímica, genética y biología molecular han llevado a una reducción en la cantidad de tiempo dedicado a la enseñanza de la anatomía y un cambio hacia la investigación anatómica. Cuando los anatomistas veterinarios de formación clásica comenzaron a jubilarse a principios de la década de 2000, se hizo evidente que habría escasez de anatomistas cualificados. Esto coincide con el incremento en la contratación de recién egresados con experiencia en educación general y sin especialización en el área (licenciados, tesistas, etc.). El objetivo del estudio es caracterizar al educador de anatomía veterinaria chileno con énfasis en su formación y el ambiente académico en el que se desempeña. Los datos fueron recolectados a través de una encuesta dirigida a una población diversa de docentes universitarios que imparten contenidos relacionados con la anatomía veterinaria en Chile. Los resultados muestran que el anatomista veterinario chileno ha alcanzado el nivel de maestría, con una amplia gama de experiencias de formación continua, a partir de las cuales se infiere que ha adquirido sus competencias anatómicas y docentes. A pesar de su autopercepción como educador/investigador, la evidencia demostró que la investigación en anatomía veterinaria aún se encuentra en ciernes. No obstante, se identificaron fortalezas en actividades relacionadas con el uso variado de recursos didácticos, la participación en la comunidad y la difusión del conociminto.

Incorporation of nurse initiated management of antiretroviral treatment course within the undergraduate nursing programme North West province

Background: According to the 90-90-90 strategy, the focus is on 90% of people living with HIV and/or AIDS knowing their HIV status, initiated on antiretroviral treatment and achieving viral suppression. The challenge is that only 74% of people living with HIV and/or AIDS are on antiretroviral treatment, and HIV mortality still occurs. Literature recommends the incorporation of a Nurse Initiated Management of Antiretroviral Treatment (NIMART) course within the undergraduate nursing programme to capacitate new nurses to manage people living with HIV and/or AIDS immediately after completion of their training. However, the NIMART course is still not incorporated, and there is dearth of information on this topic in North West Province (NWP). Aim: To explore and describe nurse educators' perceptions regarding the incorporation of NIMART course within the undergraduate nursing programme in NWP. Setting: The setting of this research study was nursing education institutions of the NWP. Methods: Phenomenography qualitative research design was followed. Twelve nurse educators underwent purposive selection and unstructured individual interviews were conducted. The research co-coder verified the findings. There were ethical considerations and trustworthiness maintained throughout the study. Results: Main themes that emerged in this study depicted benefits and challenges associated with NIMART course incorporation within the undergraduate nursing programme as stated in Table 1. Conclusion: This study concluded that NIMART course incorporation within the undergraduate nursing programme is a good and relevant idea, which requires human and non-human resources.

Blended learning during and beyond the COVID-19 pandemic: Attitudes of nurse educators in Gauteng

Background: The use of blended learning (BL) pedagogy has become inevitable due to contemporary technological innovations in the nursing education sector. As of late, the need to use BL pedagogy has resulted by the sudden occurrence of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, several nurse educators still experience uncertainties in using BL due to technological, psychological, infrastructure and equipment readiness barriers. Aim: To report the attitudes of nurse educators towards the use of BL pedagogy as a new norm of teaching and learning in public nursing education institutions (NEIs) in the Gauteng Province (GP), South Africa, during and beyond the COVID-19 pandemic period. Setting: The study was conducted in five Gauteng public NEIs. Methods: A descriptive non-experimental quantitative design was conducted with 144 nurse educators. Data was collected through a questionnaire. Statistical Analysis Software (SAS) was used to analyse data with the help of a biostatistician. Results: Technologically, only 50% (N = 72) found BL easy to use while 48% (n = 69) were ready and willing to use the BL Psychologically, more than half, that is, 65% (n = 94) lacked the confidence to use BL pedagogy. About 55% (n = 79) reported having inadequate BL infrastructure, while 32% (n = 46) seemed to be satisfied with the availability of effective equipment to support BL pedagogy. Conclusion: Based on the results, it is apparent that nurse educators in Gauteng are not technologically and psychologically ready, since the infrastructure and equipment to support the BL are not adequately provided.

Intervenção em práticas educativas positivas com educadores sociais: avaliação do processo de implementação / Intervention in positive educational practices with social educators: implementation process' evaluation / Intervención en prácticas educativas positivas con educadores sociales: evaluación del proceso de implementación

O objetivo deste estudo é apresentar a avaliação do processo de implementação do Programa Cuida, o qual buscou oferecer mecanismos de apoio para ampliar as habilidades educativas positivas de educadores sociais de instituições de acolhimento. Participaram do estudo 47 educadores sociais (M=44,28 anos; DP=9,34) do sul do Brasil. Foram utilizados como instrumentos a ficha de avaliação do desempenho do moderador, a ficha de avaliação de satisfação dos participantes e o diário de campo do moderador. Os dados foram analisados a partir de análises estatísticas descritivas e da triangulação de dados. A maioria dos educadores sociais se mostrou satisfeito/muito satisfeito com os conteúdos abordados e as aprendizagens da intervenção, bem como com o moderador do programa. As repercussões da intervenção se mostraram mais relacionadas às estratégias de comunicação e de resolução de conflitos, qualificando, sobretudo, o relacionamento entre colegas. Ao final, são apontadas limitações do estudo e sugestões para estudos futuros.

The aim of this study is to present an evaluation of the implementation process of the Programa Cuida, which sought to offer support mechanisms to expand the positive educational skills of social educators of residential care institutions. Participants were 47 social educators (M=44.28 years; SD=9.34) from southern Brazil. The instruments used were a moderator's performance evaluation form, participants' satisfaction evaluation form and the moderator's field diary. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistical analysis and data triangulation. Most of the social educators who participated in the program were satisfied/very satisfied with the content approach and the learning of the intervention, as well as with the program moderator. The repercussions of the intervention were more related to communication and conflict resolution strategies, qualifying, above all, the relationship between colleagues. Finally, the limitations and suggestions for future studies are pointed out.

El objetivo de este estudio es presentar la evaluación del proceso de implementación del Programa Cuida, que buscó ofrecer mecanismos de apoyo para expandir las habilidades educativas positivas de los educadores sociales de las instituciones de acogida. El estudio incluyó a 47 educadores sociales (M= 44,28 años; DT = 9,34) del sur de Brasil. Como instrumentos se utilizaron el formulario de evaluación del desempeño del moderador, el formulario de evaluación de la satisfacción de los participantes y el diario de campo del moderador. Los datos se analizaron a partir de análisis estadísticos descriptivos y triangulación de datos. La mayoría de los educadores sociales se mostraron satisfechos / muy satisfechos con el contenido cubierto y con el aprendizaje de la intervención, así como con el moderador del programa. Las repercusiones de la intervención estuvieron más relacionadas con las estrategias de comunicación y resolución de conflictos, calificando, sobre todo, la relación entre compañeros. Finalmente, se señalan las limitaciones del estudio y sugerencias para futuros estudios.

Profesora Alicia Evarista Fernández Hernández, educadora por excelencia / Professor Alicia Evarista Fernández Hernández, educator par excellence

Se tiene presente el principio martiano de que "Educar es depositar en cada hombre toda la obra humana, es ponerlo a nivel de su tiempo, es preparar al hombre para la vida", por eso, esta semblanza es un homenaje a la ilustre académica Alicia Evarista Fernández Hernández, quien con 12 años edad comenzó su labor como educadora al incorporarse a la Campaña de Alfabetización y a otras tareas asignadas por la Revolución; martiana ferviente, educadora por excelencia, ha transmitido durante más de cuatro décadas sus experiencias y sus doctrinas de amor y sabiduría a distintas generaciones de estudiantes de Enfermería, Medicina, profesores, profesionales de la salud de Cuba y otros pueblos del mundo. Es objetivo de esta semblanza referir los aspectos más relevantes de su magistral obra educativa, académica y revolucionaria, apoyados en testimonios, revisión de documentos, entrevistas a familiares y compañeros, que, sin dudas, describen de modo fehaciente su trayectoria como estudiante, enfermera, profesora, académica e investigadora. Alicia Fernández constituye un referente teórico-práctico, ejemplo de dedicación, altruismo y un modelo de conducta a seguir por las nuevas generaciones de galenos, enfermeros, profesores y otros profesionales de la salud que se forman integralmente en las universidades de las Ciencias Médicas cubanas(AU)

We keep in mind Marti's principle that "to educate is to deposit all human work in each man, to put him at the level of his time, and to prepare him for life"; therefore, this semblance is a tribute to the illustrious academician Alicia Evarista Fernández Hernández who began her work as an educator at the age of twelve by joining the literacy campaign and other tasks assigned by the Revolution. She has been a passionate defender of Marti's ideas and an educator par excellence who has passed her experiences and doctrines of love and wisdom to different generations of nursing and medical students, professors and other health professionals from Cuba and other peoples of the world for more than four decades. The objective of this semblance is to present the most relevant aspects of her masterful educational, academic and revolutionary work supported by evidence, document reviews, and interviews with family members and colleagues which undoubtedly describe her career as a student, nurse, professor, academician, and researcher. Alicia Fernández is a theoretical and practical referent, an example of dedication and altruism, and a behavior model to the new generations of doctors, nurses, professors and other health professionals who are fully trained in the Cuban universities of Medical Sciences(AU)

Asunción Toledo del Rey, ejemplo de maestra y enfermera revolucionaria / Asunción Toledo del Rey, example of revolutionary teacher and nurse

Se tiene presente el principio martiano de que el elogio oportuno fomenta el mérito; por eso, esta semblanza es un homenaje a la profesora consultante Asunción Toledo del Rey, quien desde edad temprana se incorporó a las disímiles tareas asignadas por la Revolución; martiana, educadora por excelencia, ha transmitido durante más de cuatro décadas sus doctrinas de amor y sabiduría a distintas generaciones de estudiantes de Enfermería de Cuba y otros pueblos del mundo. Es objetivo de esta semblanza referir los aspectos más relevantes de su obra educativa y revolucionaria, apoyados en testimonios, revisión de documentos, entrevistas a familiares y compañeros, que, sin dudas, describen de modo fehaciente su trayectoria como estudiante, enfermera y profesora. Asunción Toledo del Rey constituye un referente teórico-práctico, un ejemplo a seguir por todas las generaciones de estudiantes de Enfermería que se forman integralmente en las universidades de las Ciencias Médicas cubanas(AU)

Bearing in mind the principle of José Martí that "timely praise encourages the merit" we present this biographical sketch as a tribute to the Consultant Professor Asunción Toledo del Rey who performed different tasks assigned by the Revolution since she was very young. She is a supporter of the ideas of José Martí and an educator par excellence that has conveyed her doctrines of love and wisdom to many generations of Nursing students in Cuba and other countries in the world for more than four decades. The aim of this biographical sketch is to highlight the most relevant aspects of her educational and revolutionary work, which is supported by evidences, document reviews and interviews to relatives and co-workers who, undoubtedly, irrefutably describe her career as a student, nurse and professor. Asunción Toledo del Rey is a theoretical and practical referent and an example to be followed by all generations of Nursing students who receive a comprehensive education and training in our Cuban universities of medical sciences(AU)

Profissionais do acolhimento institucional: a atuação perante a chegada de uma criança / Institutional shelter workers: their action upon the Childs admission

O presente trabalho foi realizado no contexto do acolhimento institucional. Teve por objetivo examinar de que forma os profissionais atuam na chegada de uma criança. Para isso tomou-se os relatos de 16 educadores e sete membros da equipe técnica, por meio de questionários para a caracterização sociodemográfica e entrevista semiestruturada. O resultado das entrevistas foi analisado pelo software IRaMuTeQ®. Os principais resultados foram: 1) Maioria dos profissionais eram do sexo feminino, concursados, com ensino superior e capacitação recente; 2) No momento da chegada das crianças à instituição os profissionais agem de forma a explicar os motivos do acolhimento; 3) É comum a emissão de comportamentos de rotina; 4) Existe pouco contato dos educadores com as famílias; 5) As crianças possuem dificuldade para se adaptar à rotina da instituição. Conclui-se que a equipe atua tentando suprir as necessidades físicas e emocionais das crianças, mas estas continuam manifestando dificuldades em se adaptar.

The current study was performed at an institutional shelter. The aim was to assess how the workers act upon the admittance of a child. To do that we took the statements of 16 educators and seven members of the technical staff through a questionnaire for social demographic characterization and semi-structured interview. The results of the interview were analyzed with the use of IRaMuTeQ® software. The main results were: 1) most workers were women, admitted through public contest, had college education and recent training; 2) upon the admittance of the children in the institution the workers attitude is to explain to the children the reason for their sheltering; 3) it is common the emission of routine behavior; 4) there is little contact between the educators and the children's families; 5) the children have difficulties to adapt to the institution routine. It is concluded that the team work is designed to suppress the children's physical and emotional needs, however they still demonstrate difficulties in adapting themselves.

Aproximación a los valores del educador ambiental / Approach to environmental educator values

RESUMEN Se fundamenta la concepción teórica general de la educación axiológica en el contexto del sistema de enseñanza de postgrado para la formación de educadores ambientales. Se aplicaron los métodos del nivel teórico analítico-sintético, inductivo-deductivo, histórico-lógico y ascensión de lo abstracto a lo concreto, con la intención de sistematizar información proveniente de la bibliografía consultada y de la experiencia profesional de los autores. Se defiende la idea de considerar la existencia de una dimensión ambiental de valores universales, en lugar de hacer referencia a valores estrictamente ambientales. Se enfatiza en la importancia que, para la educación, adquiere la estimulación de la actividad valorativa del sujeto, a partir de una noción precisa del sistema de virtudes y fortalezas del carácter. Se identifican cinco valores básicos a desarrollar en el educador ambiental (la sensibilidad, la tolerancia, la lealtad solidaria, la responsabilidad, la participación cooperativa y la dignidad), para asegurar, desde el punto de vista axiológico, su desempeño en la preparación de diferentes sectores sociales y consolidar la necesaria contribución de los mismos a la sostenibilidad ecológica.

ABSTRACT In this paper a general theoretical conception of axiological education is systematized in the context of the postgraduate educational system in the training of environmental educators. Methods of the theoretic level (analytical-synthetical, inductive-deductive, historic-logician and ascension from abstractness to concrete) to systematize information obtained from the bibliography and from the vocational experience of the author. The category value is analyzed aimed at using it unilaterally from the environmental perspective and it is concluded that it is much more objective, from the theoretical point of view, to assume the existence of an environmental dimension of universal values ​​rather than of strictly environmental values. It emphasizes on the importance of the stimulation of the person's valuating activity for education, from a precise notion of the system of virtues and character strengths. Five basic values are identified ​​ (sensitivity, tolerance, solidarity loyalty, responsibility, cooperative participation and dignity) to be developed in an environmental educator to ensure, from the axiological point of view, his performance in the preparation of different social sectors to strengthen their necessary contribution to ecological sustainability.

Espaço do berçário: contribuições de um programa de acompanhamento / Organization of child care space: contributions of a monitoring program / Espacio de la guardería: contribuciones de un programa de seguimiento

Este estudo investigou as contribuições de um programa de acompanhamento com educadoras, baseado na abordagem pikleriana, para a organização dos espaços do berçário e para a interação educadora-bebê. Foi realizado um estudo de casos múltiplos com seis educadoras de berçário de duas creches públicas, que participaram de seis encontros individuais. Seis meses após o término do acompanhamento, as educadoras responderam a uma entrevista, cujas respostas foram examinadas por meio da análise de conteúdo qualitativa. As educadoras relataram mudanças na organização do espaço físico, dos móveis e objetos, bem como uma melhor qualidade da interação educadora-bebê, percebida ao propiciar autonomia e dar mais atenção individualizada nos momentos de cuidados. Os resultados sugerem que o acompanhamento possibilitou mudanças na organização do berçário, que puderam apoiar a interação educadora-bebê e contribuir para a promoção do desenvolvimento infantil

The present study investigated the contributions of a monitoring program for educators based on the Piklerian approach for the organization of child care spaces and for the child-educator interaction. Six educators of two public child care center participated in six individual meetings. Six months after the end of mentoring, the educators were interviewed and the answers were examined through qualitative content analysis: child care space characteristics and educator-child interaction. The educators reported changes in the organization of the physical space, furniture and objects. The teachers also reported a better quality of the educator-child interaction, perceived in their own attitudes providing autonomy, organizing space based on children needs, as well as giving more individualized attention to them in times of care. The results suggest that monitoring could make changes in the child care organization that could support the educator-child interaction and contribute to the promotion of child development

Este estudio investigó las contribuciones de un programa de seguimiento con educadoras, basado en el enfoque pikleriano, para la organización de los espacios de guardería y para la interacción educadora-bebé. Se realizó un estudio de casos múltiples con seis educadoras de dos guarderías públicas, que participaron de seis encuentros individuales. Seis meses después del término del seguimiento, las educadoras respondieron a una entrevista, cuyas respuestas fueron examinadas por medio del análisis de contenido cualitativo. Las educadoras relataron cambios en la organización del espacio físico, de los muebles y objetos, así como una mejor calidad de la interacción educadora-bebé, percibida al propiciar autonomía y dar más atención individualizada en los momentos de cuidados. Los resultados sugieren que el seguimiento posibilitó cambios en la organización de la guardería, que pudieron apoyar la interacción educadora-bebé y contribuir a la promoción del desarrollo infantil

Impact of the promotora model on the improvement of oral health knowledge of caregivers / Impacto del modelo promotora en el mejoramiento del conocimiento sobre salud oral de los cuidadores

ABSTRACT Objective The objective of this quasi-experimental study was to determine the impact of the Promotora Model (PM) as an educational strategy to increase oral health knowledge in parents/caregivers of children aged 2-5 years at high risk for dental caries. Materials and Methods Sixty-three caregivers who provided informed consent were included in the study. A structured 37-item survey was administered prior to conducting the Promotora educational intervention (PEI) that covered oral health topics and behaviors. Three (3) months after the PEI session, during their child's next dental visit, the same instrument was administered to 46 of the parents/caregivers that had completed the first instrument. Results Most caregivers were Hispanic (73.9%) and 50% reported completing high school. Before PEI, 56.5% of participants scored as having "good" general knowledge. Three months after PEI, 82.6% achieved that score (paired sample T-test, p< 0.00001). Conclusion Based on the results, it was concluded that the PM significantly increased caregivers' oral health knowledge.(AU)

RESUMEN Objetivo El propósito de este estudio cuasi-experimental fue determinar el impacto del Modelo Promotora (MP) como estrategia educacional para mejorar el conocimiento sobre salud oral de los padres y/o cuidadores de niños con edades comprendidas entre 2-5 años con alto riesgo de sufrir caries dental. Métodos Sesenta y tres padres y/o cuidadores quienes dieron el consentimiento fueron incluidos en el estudio. Se administró un cuestionario estructurado de 37 preguntas antes de la intervención educativa (IE) con el Modelo Promotora (IEP) el cual cubría tópicos sobre salud oral y conductas. Tres (3) meses después de la sesión de IEP, en la próxima visita dental del niño, el mismo cuestionario fue administrado a 46 padres y/o cuidadores que habían completado el primer cuestionario. Resultados La mayoría de los padres y/o cuidadores eran Hispanos (73,9%) y 50% reporto tener bachillerato completo. Antes del IEP, 56,5% de los participantes presentó un nivel general de conocimiento "Bueno." Tres meses después de la aplicación del IEP, 82,6% obtuvieron el mismo nivel de conocimiento (T-test, p<0.00001). Conclusión Se concluye que el MP mejora considerablemente el conocimiento sobre salud bucal de los padres y/o cuidadores.(AU)

The Structure of Students' Parents' Social Representations of Teachers / A Estrutura das Representações Sociais acerca do Professor entre os Pais de Alunos / La Estructura de las Representaciones Sociales sobre el Maestro entre los Padres de Alumnos

Abstract Teachers, among others, are responsible for improving the quality of education. In order to understand the teacher's professional role within the context of contemporary society, one must analyze the impacts of political, economic, social and cultural problems on education. The present study's objective is to identify and discuss the social representations made by students' parents/guardians in relation to being a teacher nowadays. The study enjoyed the participation of 181 parents/guardians of elementary school students from the city of Mossoró/RN. They responded to the TALP after being presented with the stimulus phrase being a teacher today. Prototypical analysis (EVOC), analysis of similarity (IRAMUTEQ) and thematic analysis of content were performed. The terms most frequently evoked were patience, educator, love, and teach. The parents/guardians' social representations have a multidimensional character that is structured into two main: one involving an image of the teacher that is rooted in the notion of a vocation; and the other, in the professional as an educator. The thematic analysis also indicated a representation of teachers that is related to a work context involved challenges, precarious working conditions, social disfavor and violence. One thus observes a twofold representation of the teacher, as an individual with a vocation and as a professional, an employee of the educational system, a fact that could be related to the low attractiveness of a career in teaching.

Resumo O professor, entre outros, é um dos responsáveis pela melhoria da qualidade do ensino. Refletir acerca do papel desse profissional no contexto da sociedade contemporânea, requer analisar os reflexos dos problemas políticos, econômicos, sociais e culturais na educação. O objetivo do presente estudo é identificar e discutir as representações sociais dos pais/responsáveis de alunos em relação a ser professor nos dias atuais. Participaram da pesquisa 181 pais/responsáveis de alunos do ensino fundamental da cidade de Mossoró/RN. Eles responderam o TALP após a apresentação da frase estímulo ser professor hoje. Foram realizadas: análises prototípicas (EVOC), análises de similitude (IRAMUTEQ), e análise temática de conteúdo. Os termos mais evocados foram: paciência, educador, amor e ensinar. As representações sociais dos pais/responsáveis dos alunos têm um caráter multidimensional, estruturado em dois eixos: uma imagem arraigada à noção de vocação; e o outro, no profissional enquanto educador. A análise temática também indicou uma representação do professor relacionada a um contexto de trabalho envolvido por desafios, precárias condições de trabalho, desprestígio social e violência. Constata-se assim uma dupla representação do professor, como aquele que possui vocação e como um profissional, trabalhador assalariado da educação, fato que pode estar relacionado a pouca atratividade da carreira docente.

Resumen El profesor, entre otros, es uno de los responsables por mejorar la calidad de la educación. Reflexionar acerca del papel este profesional en el contexto de la sociedad contemporánea, exige analizar los reflejos de los problemas políticos, económicos, sociales y culturales en la educación. El objetivo de esta investigación es identificar y discutir la representación social de los padres/tutores de los estudiantes acerca de ser maestro hoy en día. 181 padres o tutores de estudiantes de escuelas primarias de la ciudad de Mossoró (Rio Grande do Norte) participaran en la investigación. Elos respondieran el TALP después de la presentación frase estimulo ser un profesor hoy en día. Se realizaron: análisis prototípico (software EVOC), análisis semejanza (IRAMUTEQ) y análisis temático de contenido. Los términos más evocados fueron: paciencia, educador, amar y enseñar. La representación social de los padres/tutores de los alumnos tiene un carácter multidimensional, que se estructura en dos ejes: una imagen arraigada la noción de la vocación; y otra en el profesional como educador. El análisis temático indicó también una representación del maestro relacionada con el contexto que envuelve desafíos, caracterizada por malas condiciones de trabajo, estatus social y violencia. Por lo tanto, hay una doble representación de los maestros, como el que tiene vocación y como profesional, empleado del sistema educacional, que puede estar relacionado con la poca atractividad de la carrera docente.

Assessment of knowledge and skills of barangay health workers: Basis for diabetes education program for lay persons

@#This study aimed to determine the level of knowledge and skills of the barangay health workers (BHW) about diabetes management. A descriptive correlational design that included 121 BHWs in Bustos, Bulacan was utilized in the study. A test and skill demonstration checklist was utilized to determine the knowledge and skills of BHWs about diabetes management. Categorical variables such as the respondents' profile were described using frequencies and percentages. Continuous variables such as level of knowledge and skills were summarized using central tendency measures (mean) with standard deviation. Pearson correlation test for association was used to test for relationship between level of knowledge and skills. Pearson Chi square was used to test association between demographic variables and level of knowledge and skills. Ap value of <0.05 was considered significant in the analysis of the results. Results showed that the overall level of knowledge of the BHWs was satisfactory but varied in many aspects of diabetes management. The BHWs level of knowledge in determining signs and symptoms and diagnosis of diabetes was high but low in determining types of diabetes mellitus. The level of skills of the BHWs was high in blood pressure measurement but low in blood glucose monitoring. BHWs have varied knowledge and skills in diabetes care management. There is a need to train the BHWs further to develop their knowledge and skills. The nurse diabetes educators must provide diabetes education program for BHWs that are focused on competencies to deliver safe and appropriate health teaching activities utilizing the basic concepts and principles of diabetes management

Intervenção com educadoras sociais no contexto de acolhimento institucional: relato de experiência / Intervention with social educators in the context of shelters: report of experience / Intervención con educadoras sociales en el contexto de acogida institucional: relato de experiencia

O objetivo deste relato de experiência é apresentar uma intervenção realizada com educadoras sociais de uma casa de acolhimento localizada na região metropolitana de Porto Alegre/RS, cujo objetivo foi promover um espaço de escuta e reflexão sobre o trabalho com crianças em situação de acolhimento. Considerando os pressupostos da inserção ecológica, realizaram-se seis encontros quinzenais, com duração de 60 a 90 minutos, dos quais participaram de oito a 12 educadoras. Os dados foram registrados por meio de diário de campo. Constatou-se que a interação do grupo propiciou reflexões sobre o papel do educador social no acolhimento, concepções a respeito do trabalho e da criança acolhida. A presença de estigmas sobre o serviço e as crianças em situação de acolhimento permeou o discurso das participantes, que também destacaram a escassez de assistência e investimento em educação continuada, o que indica a necessidade de intervenções neste contexto.

The aim of this report is to present an intervention performed with social educators from a shelter located in the metropolitan region of Porto Alegre / RS, whose proposal was to reflect about the work with sheltered children. Considering the assumption of the ecological insertion, six fortnightly meetings were held, lasting 60-90 minutes, attending about eight to 12 educators. The data were registered per field diaries. It was found that the interaction of the group promoted reflections about the role of the social educator on shelters, conceptions about work and the sheltered child. The presence of stigmas about sheltering and sheltered child permeated the discourse of the participants, as well as the shortage of assistance and investment in permanent/continuing education they face, which highlights the relevance of interventions in this context.

El objetivo de este relato es presentar una intervención realizada con educadoras sociales de una casa de acogida ubicada en la región metropolitana de Porto Alegre/RS, cuya propuesta fue reflexionar sobre el trabajo con niños acogidos. Considerando los presupuestos de la inserción ecológica, se realizaron seis encuentros quincenales, con uma duración de 60 a 90 minutos, de los cuales participaron de ocho a 12 educadoras. Los datos se registraron a través de diarios de campo. Se constató que la interacción del grupo propició reflexiones sobre el papel del educador social en la acogida, sobre concepciones acerca del trabajo y del niño acogido. La presencia de estigmas sobre el servicio de acogida y sobre los niños acogidos permeó el discurso de las participantes, así como la escasez de asistencia e inversión en educación permanente que enfrentan, lo que destaca la relevancia de intervenciones en este contexto.

Enfermera y profesora Juana de Jesús Villalón Sánchez, ejemplo de humanismo / Nurse and teacher Juana de Jesús Villalón Sánchez, an example of humanism

RESUMEN La formación del personal de salud a los más altos niveles, como aspira Cuba, constituye una tarea de primer orden, por lo que el ejemplo de docentes destacados constituye una fortaleza en este sentido. El objetivo del presente trabajo es socializar la historia de vida de Juana de Jesús Villalón Sánchez, licenciada en enfermería y destacada profesora, para mostrar sus valores éticos, humanistas y patrióticos, como ejemplo de la docencia y asistencia en la enfermería cubana correspondiéndose estos con los que se aspira del sector de la salud. Se desarrolló una investigación cualitativa, empleando la entrevista individual y el método histórico. Además, se utilizaron documentos inéditos relacionados con su trayectoria laboral, el cumplimiento de diferentes tareas encomendadas, así como, fotografías, testimonios, certificados y reconocimientos. Se describen diferentes etapas de su vida estudiantil, su trayectoria como enfermera y como profesora de Enfermería. Se hace referencia a su militancia comunista y en organizaciones de masas, su participación internacionalista en la República de Angola, en Yemen del Sur, en la República Bolivariana de Venezuela y pasajes de su vida familiar (AU).

ABSTRACT Health professionals' formation is undoubtedly one of the most valuable achievements of the Revolution so the example of the outstanding teachers constitute a pillar for the medical education. The objective of the current work is to socialize the life Juana de Jesús Villalón Sánchez, Bachelor of nursing and an outstanding teacher, showing her ethical-humanist and patriotic values, as an example of the teaching and assistance of the Cuban Nursing, which is in correspondence with what is expected from the Cuban Health System. A qualitative research was developed using the individual interview and the historical method. In addition, unpublished documents were used related to her professional career, the fulfillment of different tasks entrusted, as well as photographs, testimonies, certificates and acknowledgments. The study describes different stages of her school life, her professional career, as a nurse and as a nursing teacher. It also deals with her communist political affiliation and mass organizations activism. The paper includes her internationalist participation in the Republic of Angola, in South Yemen, and in the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela. Passages of her family life are also described (AU).

Cartografando a atividade do educador de um abrigo institucional / Mapping the activity of the educator of an institutional shelter / Cartografiando la actividad del educador de uno refugio institucional

Este artigo versa sobre uma pesquisa-intervenção que investigou a atividade de trabalho do educador em um abrigo da cidade de Porto Alegre (RS). Analisando o trabalho como atividade, operou-se com as abordagens clínicas do trabalho da Ergologia e da Clínica da Atividade. Como estratégia metodológica, seguiram-se pistas do método da cartografia usando as seguintes estratégias: participação nas rotinas e proposição de coletivos de análise do trabalho com os educadores do abrigo. A atividade desses trabalhadores implica a gestão dos afetos engendrados nas relações com os acolhidos e demais trabalhadores, que nenhuma dimensão prescritiva é capaz de antecipar. Devido ao vazio de normativas acerca dos modos operatórios do trabalho de educar, o coletivo de trabalho configura-se como recurso para o enfrentamento das provações do real. Apontam-se, assim, espaços coletivos dos trabalhadores que catalisam análises acerca de sua atividade laboral.

This article deals with an intervention research that investigated the work activity of the educator in a shelter in the city of Porto Alegre (RS). Analyzing the work as an activity, we operated with the clinical approaches of Ergology and Clinic of Activity. As a methodological strategy, the following cartographic strategies were used: participation in the routines and proposition of collective analysis of the work with the shelter educators. The activity of these workers implies the management of the affections engendered in the relations with the sheltered ones and other workers that no prescriptive dimension is able to anticipate. Faced with the emptiness of normative about the operative modes of the work of educating, the collective of work configures itself as a resource to face the probations of the real. Thus, collective spaces of the workers that catalyze analyzes about their work activity are pointed out.

Este artículo versa sobre una investigación-intervención que pesquisó la actividad de trabajo del educador en un refugio de la ciudad de Porto Alegre (RS). Analizando el trabajo como actividad, se operó con los abordajes clínicos del trabajo de la Ergología y de la Clínica de la Actividad. Como estrategia metodológica, se siguieron pistas del método de la cartografía, usando las siguientes estrategias: participación en las rutinas y proposición de colectivos de análisis del trabajo junto a los educadores del refugio. La actividad de esos trabajadores implica la gestión de los afectos engendrados en las relaciones con los acogidos y demás trabajadores, que ninguna dimensión prescriptiva es capaz de anticipar. Ante el vacío de normativas acerca de los modos operatorios del trabajo de educar, el colectivo de trabajo se configura como recurso para el enfrentamiento de las pruebas de lo real. Se apunta, así, espacios colectivos de los trabajadores que catalizan análisis acerca de su actividad laboral.

Comunicación y salud: Influencia en los hábitos alimenticios en una escuela de Guayaquil, 2017 / Communication and health: influence on eating habits in a school in Guayaquil, 2017

El objetivo de esta investigación fue determinar cómo se manifiestan los procesos de comunicación y salud y su influencia en los hábitos alimenticios en los niños del 5.°, 6.°, 7.° grado de la Escuela Fiscal Mixta Blanca Goetha de Ordóñez de Guayaquil, 2017. Estos se manifiestan por tener una baja incidencia al fomentar las costumbres de alimentación como parte de las estrategias del educador. Es un diseño no experimental-transeccional, descriptivo, cuyo método utilizado es el constructivismo. Se desarrollaron ocho técnicas cualicuantitativas con una muestra no probalística por cuotas. Los resultados obtenidos del público muestral es que los niños en su mayoría prefieren degustar en su día a día todo tipo de comida chatarra ante la falta de control de los padres, quienes les proveen dinero para que compren, pero que ellos la prefieren en las afueras de la institución educativa. De la misma manera los padres se muestran ausentes ante la problemática del menor, debido a la falta de culturización alimenticia, por ello este grupo escolar opta por "alimentarse" de la forma que conoce. A partir de los hallazgos encontrados, aceptamos la hipótesis que comprueba que los niños se muestran indiferentes ante las diferentes estrategias y constantes consejos que imparte el gestor en su planificación. La recomendación es insistir con una cultura alimenticia que empiece desde la casa con una porción que influya. El propósito es lograr que los padres tomen conciencia de la forma en que nutren a sus hijos con los alimentos que no son los más adecuados para escolares en etapa de crecimiento.

The objective of this research was to determine how the communication and health processes and their influence on eating habits in children in the 5th, 6th and 7th grade of the Blanca Goetha Joint Fiscal School of Ordonez de Guayaquil, 2017. The processes of communication and health are manifested by having a low incidence in promoting eating habits as part of the strategies of the educator. It is a non-experimental-transectional, descriptive design whose method used is constructivism. Eight quantitative techniques were developed with a non-probalistic sample by quotas. The results obtained from the sample public is that the children mostly prefer to taste in their day to day all type of junk food in the absence of control of the parents, who provide money for them to buy, but that they prefer it in the outskirts of the educational institution. In the same way parents are absent in the face of the problem of the child due to lack of food culture, so this school group chooses to "feed" in the way it knows. From the findings found, we accept the hypothesis that proves that children are indifferent to the different strategies and constant advice that the manager imparts in his planning. The recommendation is to insist on a food culture that starts from the house with a portion that influences. The purpose is to make parents aware of how they nurture their children with foods that are not the most suitable for growing schoolchildren.

(Re)investimento na integralidade da formação do licenciado em educação física / (Re)investment in the integrity of the physical education licensed formation / (Re)inversión en la integralidad de la formación de licenciado en educación física

Resumo O objetivo deste ensaio foi apresentar posicionamentos que possam minimizar o imediatismo na formação do licenciado em educação física. Percorreu-se o caminho ligado aos propósitos da formação do educador e as expectativas e intencionalidades nela projetadas em busca de uma maior integralidade educativa, que não se restrinja à formação de caráter unicamente qualificadora de habilitação. Situou-se a organização curricular e o currículo como construção social, no qual três perspectivas interagem e se impõem com a mesma relevância: os conteúdos específicos, as habilidades técnicas e as relações situacionais. Destacou-se, para assegurar a integralidade formativa do professor protagonista e situado socialmente, a essencial reciprocidade e equilíbrio entre saberes e valores como qualificadores das intenções pretendidas e fonte de (re) significação das diversas etapas de formação.

Abstract The aim of this trial was to present positions that can minimize the immediacy in the Physical Education licensed graduation. So the path to the purposes of teacher graduation was traversed, and expectations and intentions were projected in this formation, in search of more educational integrality and not only to the graduation as a license. Moreover, the curriculum organization and the curriculum as a social construction were situated, where three perspectives interact and impose with the same importance: the specific contents, technical skills and situational relations. To ensure the protagonist teacher's formative integrality and socially situated, it was emphasized the essential reciprocity and the poise between knowledge and values as qualifiers of the desired intentions and source of (re) signification of the various stages of graduation.

Resumen El objetivo de este estudio es presentar posiciones que puedan minimizar la inmediatez en la formación del licenciado en educación física. Se siguieron las pautas de los propósitos de formación del profesorado, con sus expectativas y funciones, con la finalidad de propiciar una educación más integral. Además, se destacó la organización curricular y el plan de estudios como una construcción social, donde interactúan tres perspectivas que se plantean con la misma relevancia: el contenido específico, los conocimientos técnicos y las relaciones situacionales. Se destacó, para asegurar la integridad de la formación del profesor protagonista y situarlo socialmente, la reciprocidad y el equilibrio esencial entre los conocimientos y valores como calificadores de las intenciones pretendidas y fuente de (re)significación de las diversas etapas de la formación.

Training and thinking of diabetes education in the United States / 中国糖尿病杂志

Based on my training experience in the United States,here introduced the situation of diabetes education and management in the United States,diabetes educator certification and the education program of outpatients and inpatients. This information can provide advice to improve the current status of diabetes education in China.

Effects of China diabets educator training and its influencing factors / 中华护理杂志

Objective To describe the effects of China diabetes educator training and explore the influencing factors.Methods Totally 314 diabetes educators who graduated from Johnson & Johnson Diabetes Institute(JJDI) from 2007 to 2014 were recruited and investigated via self-designed evaluation form.Results The total score was 76.64±22.24.The top three items with highest scores were performing nurses training (93.36±62.81),form of health education (84.27±23.09) and working responsibility and procedure of diabetes educator (82.07±32.43).The items scored lower than 60 were regular follow-up system(56.16±31.74),publishing health education papers(38.47±47.75) and conducting related researches (26.11±44.00).Multiple linear regression analysis showed that educators who had longer time of working in diabetes department(t=3.515,P=0.001) and whose post were educators(t=3.404,P=0.001) and who were not first line practitioners (t=-2.589,P=0.001) had higher scores.Conclusion The educators' main work in China is focusing on regular health education.Follow-up management and research renovation capacity should be enhanced in the future for educators.

Transtornos mentais comuns em educadores sociais / Common mental disorders in social educators

RESUMO Objetivo Investigar a presença de transtornos mentais comuns (TMC) em Educadores Sociais de albergues e abrigos do município de São Paulo. Métodos A amostra foi composta por 104 orientadores socioeducativos, entre 18 e 60 anos (masculino e feminino), que prestam serviço para a Secretaria Municipal de Assistência e Desenvolvimento Social (SMADS). Utilizou-se um Questionário Sociodemográfico, além do Self Report Questionnaire (SRQ-20). Resultados Os dados demonstraram que há maior prevalência de mulheres nessa função, a maioria dos profissionais já passou por situações de risco no trabalho, 68,3% (71 sujeitos) apresentaram índices que caracterizam a presença de TMC, e 40,4% das mulheres apresentam sintomas de TMC, enquanto o índice de TMC nos homens foi de 27,9%. Conclusões Neste cenário, observou-se que o público feminino é mais vulnerável à presença de TMC em relação ao público masculino.

ABSTRACT Objective To investigate the presence of common mental disorders (CMDs) in Social Educator of hostels and housings in the city of Sao Paulo. Methods The sample was composed by 104 Guiding Youth between 18 and 60 years (male and female), who worked at the Municipal Assistance and Social Development in São Paulo. We used a demographic data questionnaire in addition to the Self Report Questionnaire (SRQ-20). Results The main results demonstrated a higher prevalence of women in this function; most professionals have experienced risk situations at work; 68.3% (71 individuals) presented indices that characterize the presence of CMDs; 40.4% of women presented CMDs symptoms, whereas the CMDs rate in men was 27.9%. Conclusions In this scenario, we can conclude that the female audience is more vulnerable to the presence of CMDs in comparison to the male audience.