ABSTRACT
Objective:To observe the application effect of high-flow nasal canula oxygen therapy (HFNC) after extubation in patients with mechanical ventilation (MV) in the intensive care unit (ICU).Methods:A prospective study was conducted. From January 2018 to June 2020, 163 MV patients admitted to Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College were enrolled, and they were divided into HFNC group (82 cases) and traditional oxygen therapy group (81 cases) according to the oxygen therapy model. The patients included in the study were given conventional treatment according to their condition. In the HFNC group, oxygen was inhaled by a nasal high-flow humidification therapy instrument. The gas flow was gradually increased from 35 L/min to 60 L/min according to the patient's tolerance, and the temperature was set at 34-37 ℃. The fraction of inspiration oxygen (FiO 2) was set according to the patient's pulse oxygen saturation (SpO 2) and SpO 2 was maintained at 0.95-0.98. A disposable oxygen mask or nasal cannula was used to inhale oxygen in the traditional oxygen therapy group, and the oxygen flow was 5-8 L/min, maintaining the patient's SpO 2 at 0.95-0.98. The differences in MV duration before extubation, total MV duration, intubation time, reintubation time, extubation failure rate, ICU mortality, ICU stay, and in-hospital stay were compared between the two groups, and weaning failure were analyzed. Results:There was no significant differences in MV duration before extubation (days: 4.33±3.83 vs. 4.15±3.03), tracheal intubation duration (days: 4.34±1.87 vs. 4.20±3.35), ICU mortality [4.9% (4/82) vs. 3.7% (3/81)] and in-hospital stay [days: 28.93 (15.00, 32.00) vs. 27.69 (15.00, 38.00)] between HFNC group and traditional oxygen therapy group (all P > 0.05). The total MV duration in the HFNC group (days: 4.48±2.43 vs. 5.67±3.84) and ICU stay [days: 6.57 (4.00, 7.00) vs. 7.74 (5.00, 9.00)] were significantly shorter than those in the traditional oxygen therapy group, the reintubation duration of the HFNC group was significantly longer than that of the traditional oxygen therapy group (hours: 35.75±10.15 vs. 19.92±13.12), and the weaning failure rate was significantly lower than that of the traditional oxygen therapy group [4.9% (4/82) vs. 16.0% (13/81), all P < 0.05]. Among the reasons for weaning failure traditional oxygen therapy group had lower ability of airway secretion clearance than that of the HFNC group [8.64% (7/81) vs. 0% (0/82), P < 0.05], there was no statistically differences in the morbidity of heart failure, respiratory muscle weakness, hypoxemia, and change of consciousness between the two groups. Conclusion:For MV patients in the ICU, the sequential application of HFNC after extubation can reduce the rate of weaning failure and the incidence of adverse events, shorten the length of ICU stay.
ABSTRACT
El proceso de weaning incluye la liberación del paciente del soporte ventilatorio y del tubo orotraqueal y se clasifica en simple, dificultoso y prolongado, basado en la dificultad y la duración del mismo. El objetivo fue describir las características epidemiológicas de pacientes desvinculados exitosamente de la ventilación mecánica invasiva y establecer asociaciones entre los tipos de weaning y las variables que influyeron en la evolución de las mismas asociadas a la mortalidad. Realizamos un estudio de cohorte prospectivo, analítico, longitudinal y multicéntrico en tres unidades de terapia intensiva de la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina. Fueron incluidos sujetos que requirieron ventilación mecánica invasiva mayor a 12hs. y desvinculados exitosamente. Las variables estudiadas fueron tipo de weaning, tiempo en ventilación mecánica invasiva, falla de extubación, estadía y mortalidad en terapia intensiva. La prevalencia del weaning simple, dificultoso y prolongado correspondió a un 52.2% (95/182), 25.8% (47/182) y 22% (40/182), respectivamente. Aumentó el promedio de días de ventilación mecánica invasiva a 3,5 cada vez que cambió la categoría (Coefciente B: 3.5; SE 0.6). Aquellos pacientes que fallaron la extubación presentaron mayor riesgo de realizar weaning prolongado ( OR = 23; IC95%: 3.55-149.45). No se halló asociación entre la mortalidad y el tipo de weaning (OR = 0.68; IC95%: 0.31-1.51). En conclusión, no se asoció el tipo de weaning con mortalidad en la terapia intensiva. La falla de extubación, la traqueostomia y la presencia de delirio se asociaron con mayores días de ventilación mecánica invasiva.
The weaning process includes the release from the ventilatory support and endotracheal tube. It is classified into simple, difficult and prolonged, according to its difficulty and duration. The purpose was to describe the epidemiological characteristics of patients successfully weaned from invasive mechanical ventilation and establish associations between the different types of weaning and the variables influencing the evolution of these characteristics associated with mortality. We conducted a multicenter, prospective, longitudinal, analytical cohort study in three intensive care units of the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires, Argentina. We included patients who required invasive mechanical ventilation for more than 12 hours and were successfully weaned from it. The variables to be analyzed were: type of weaning, amount of days the patients received invasive mechanical ventilation, extubation failure and length of stay and mortality in the intensive care unit. The prevalence of simple, difficult or prolonged weaning was 52.2% (95/182), 25.8% (47/182) and 22% (40/182), respectively. The average of days the patients received invasive mechanical ventilation increased to 3.5 every time the category changed (B Coefficient: 3.5; SE [standard error] = 0.6). Patients with extubation failure presented a higher risk of prolonged weaning (OR [odds ratio] = 23; CI [confidence interval] = 95%: 3.55-149.45). No association was found between mortality and type of weaning (OR = 0.68; 95% CI: 0.31-1.51). In conclusion, the type of weaning was not associated with mortality in the intensive care unit. The extubation failure, tracheostomy and presence of delirium were associated with a larger amount of days receiving invasive mechanical ventilation.