El cubo de la promoción de salud. Un enfoque integrado para el diseño de intervenciones efectivas / The health promotion cube. An integrated approach for the design of effective interventions

RESUMEN El objetivo de este artículo es presentar el Cubo de la Promoción de Salud, recurso pedagógico que facilita una visión estratégica, con integración de enfoques para la formulación y análisis de las intervenciones de promoción de salud y nutrición, considerando la trayectoria de pensamiento desde la Primera Conferencia Mundial de Promoción de Salud celebrada en Ottawa 1986, hasta la Novena Conferencia Mundial de Shangai 2016. Se describen las seis dimensiones del Cubo con cinco componentes cada una, en base a la actualización conceptual y metodológica realizada mediante revisión bibliográfica de la literatura disponible. Los lados del Cubo responden las preguntas del ¿Qué hacer?, ¿Dónde?, ¿Cómo?, ¿Con quiénes? y ¿A qué nivel trabajar? Se plantea que para el logro de intervenciones efectivas en promoción de salud y nutrición, se requiere superar el paradigma de fragmentación, actuar con múltiples estrategias y visión interdisciplinaria, en coherencia con el diagnóstico de la realidad local y la situación epidemiológica social a nivel nacional.

ABSTRACT The objective of this article is to present the Health Promotion Cube, a pedagogical resource that facilitates a strategic vision, by integrating approaches for the formulation and analysis of health promotion and nutrition interventions, considering the trajectory of thought since the 1st World Conference on Health Promotion in Ottawa, 1986, to the 9th World Conference on Health Promotion held in Shanghai, 2016. The six dimensions of the Cube with five components each based on the conceptual and methodological update made through a literature review are described. The sides of the Cube answer the questions of: "What to do?"; "Where?"; "How?"; "With whom?"; and, "At what level?" In order to achieve effective interventions in health promotion and nutrition, it is necessary to overcome the fragmentation paradigm, act with multiple strategies and an interdisciplinary perspective, in accordance with the diagnosis of the local reality and the social epidemiological situation at the national level.

Economics of mental health: Part II- Investing in and planning for mental health services - the evidence

Background : The economic costs and proportion of disease burden attributable to mental, emotional and behavioural disorders (MEBs) is enormous. This emphasizes on the need for treating the MEBs. Choosing the most cost effective intervention is the key aspect in planning mental health services. Objective: The aim of the present article is to review the studies on cost-effective interventions for MEBs. Methodology: A review of various studies on the above subject was done using Google Scholar and PubMed. Results: Most of these studies are from developed countries. Many of them are conducted by World Health Organization (WHO). There is paucity of data on cost-effectiveness of interventions in the developing world. There are cost-effective interventions available for most of the MEBs. Conclusions: There are cost-effective interventions for MEBs. The available cost-effective strategies need to be incorporated with necessary modifications to tailor to the local needs. Proper planning is crucial for successful approach to mental health. Prevention is the most cost-effective strategy