ABSTRACT
Objective To observe the skin ultrastructure change of electric shock death rats and to test the expression changes of hypoxia-inducible factor-2α （HIF-2α） and heart type-fatty acid-binding protein （H-FABP） of myocardial cells, in order to provide basis for forensic identification of electric shock death. Methods The electric shock model of rats was established. The 72 rats were randomly divided into control group, electric shock death group and postmortem electric shock group. Each group was divided into three subgroups, immediate （0 min）, 30 min and 60 min after death. The skin changes of rats were observed by HE staining, the changes of skin ultrastructure were observed by scanning electron microscopy, and the expression of HIF-2α and H-FABP in rats myocardium was tested by immunohistochemical staining. Results The skin in the electric shock death group and postmortem electric shock group had no significant difference through the naked eye or by HE staining. Under the scanning electron microscope, a large number of cellular debris, cells with unclear boundaries, withered cracks, circular or elliptical holes scattered on the cell surface and irregular edges were observed. A large number of spherical foreign body particles were observed. Compared with the control group, the expression of HIF-2α in all electric shock death subgroups increased, reaching the peak immediately after death. In the postmortem electric shock group, HIF-2α expression only increased immediately after death, but was lower than that of electric shock death group （P<0.05）. Compared with the control group, the expression of H-FABP in all subgroups of electric shock death group and postmortem electric shock group significantly decreased. The expression of H-FABP in all subgroups of electric shock death group was lower than that of the postmortem electric shock group （P<0.05）. Conclusion Electric shock can increase HIF-2α expression and decrease H-FABP expression in the myocardium, which may be of forensic significance for the determination of electric shock death and identification of antemortem and postmortem electric shock.
Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Autopsy , Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors/metabolism , Fatty Acid Binding Protein 3/metabolism , Myocardium/metabolism , Myocytes, Cardiac/metabolism , Skin/ultrastructureABSTRACT
We encountered a case of HHV-6 encephalomyelitis following blood stem cell transplantation. A woman in her 30’s suffered from paroxysmal electric shock-like pain, itching, tremor of lower limbs and excessive sweating on the 15th day after cord blood transplantation. Urinary retention also occurred. Pregabalin and opioid administration was started, and foscarnet was administered after a finding of HHV-6DNA positive in cerebrospinal fluid. Combined use of levetiracetam 1000 mg per day decreased both frequency and intensity of the electric shock-like pain. In a week before the negative results of HHV-6 amplification, she became excessively drowsy. With withdrawal of levetiracetam, her consciousness returned to be clear. The main symptoms on discharge were pain and itching with numbness around the anus, and were well controlled with oxycodone 15 mg, pregabalin 225 mg, and lorazepam 0.5 mg per day. In our case of HHV-6 encephalomyelitis after cord blood transplantation, levetiracetam was effective in suppressing electric shock-like pain.
ABSTRACT
Although electrical injuries are one of the common injuriesencountered in clinical practice, low voltage electrical injuriespresenting as focal neurological deficits are rare. We report thecase of a 3-year-old boy who presented with right facial palsyand hemotympanum after electrical injury.
ABSTRACT
The most common ocular manifestation following electric shock injury is the development of cataract. Retinal manifestations can vary from development of macular holes to retinal detachments. Purtscher-like retinopathy following electrical injury has not been reported till date. We hereby present a case of a 19-year-old electrician who presented with grossly reduced vision in the right eye of 2 months following an electric shock. The fundus of the right eye showed macular ischemic degeneration, occluded vessels, cotton-wool spots, and hemorrhages. Optical coherence tomography angiography revealed presence of capillary drop-out in the para-foveal region, which was more pronounced in the deep capillary plexus. Electric shock injury can lead to a clinical picture simulating Purtscher's retinopathy. The electrical injury leads to a more extensive damage to the deep capillary plexus as compared with the superficial plexus.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the influence of ziprasidone combined with amend electric shock on the efficacy and metabolism of patients with first-episode schizophrenia.Methods According to random number table,86 cases with first-episode schizophrenia from July 2013 to July 2016 in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University were chosen and divided into observation group and control group.The patients in observation group were given ziprasidone combined with first-episode schizophrenia,the patients in control group were taken with olanzapine combined with first-episode schizophrenia.The PANSS total score,CGI score,total efficacy,adverse reaction,body mass index,glycometabolism,and lipid metabolism of two groups were observed and compared.Results The PANSS score,CGI score of two groups were all obvious decreased,which had no significant difference,the total efficacy of two groups had no significant difference;The TESS scores were all decreased,and the TESS score of observation group was obviously lower than that of control group (P ＜ 0.05).Compared with before treatment,the BMI,fasting blood sugar,triglyceride,total cholesterol,high/low density lipoprotein and fasting insulin level of observation group after treatment had no obvious significant difference,while the BMI,fasting blood sugar,triglyceride,total cholesterol,low density lipoprotein,and fasting insulin levels of control group had obvious significant difference,and the BMI,fasting blood sugar,triglyceride,total cholesterol,and fasting insulin of observation group were obviously lower than control group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Olanzapine and ziprasidone combined with amend electric shock have obvious efficacy on patients with first-episode schizophrenia,while the ziprasidone had lower adverse reaction and metabolic side effects,which is worth of clinical promotion and application.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the clinical application of modified electroconvulsive therapy (MECT),and provide the references for more standardized and rational use of MECT.Methods A retrospective study was performed by stratified random sampling method.The clinical data of 1 330 psychiatric inpatients from January 2006 to December 2015 in Henan Psychiatric Hospital were analyzed retrospectively,and the clinical application of MECT was investigated,including the proportion of psychiatric inpatients receiving MECT,the situation of combined use of MECT and antipsychotic drugs,and the routine examination results before and after MECT.Results The proportion of receiving MECT in schizophrenic patients was the highest,it is 11.36％ (81/713),the second was depressive episode (5.61％,12/214),followed by dissociative conversion disorder (5.56％,2/36),bipolar disorder (5.34％,7/131),organic mental disorder (3.23 ％,1/31) and other mental disorders (2.93％,6/205).There were significant differences in the distribution of various mental disorders between the non electroshock group and the electroshock group (x2 =21.728,P ＜ 0.05).The proportion of the patients without electric shock and the patients with single drug,two drugs,triple therapy or quadruple therapy was 0.92％,17.43 ％,56.88％,21.10％ and 3.67％,respectively.The proportion of the patients with two or more antipsychotic drugs was 81.65％ in the electroshock group.The antipsychotics were olanzapine (28.44％),clozapine (27.52％),quetiapine (26.61％) and risperidone (24.77 ％) according to the drugs used frequently in the electroshock group.The results of routine blood test were compared among the time points of before treatment,the 1st,2nd,3 rd week of MECT and 1 week after MECT in the shock group,which showed that there was significant difference in white blood cell count (F =2.570,P ＜ 0.05);but there was no significant difference in the levels of platelet,hemoglobin and red blood cell (P ＞ 0.05);the level of white blood cell returned to normal within two weeks in 93.33％ patients with increased white blood count.The myocardial enzymes and liver function tests were not perfect during the treatment of MECT and after treatment.There was no long-term systematic evaluation of cognitive function and quality of life in patients with electroconvulsive shock.Conclusions The probability of using MECT in the patients with schizophrenia is more than that in the patients with depression.MECT is used in combination with two or more antipsychotic drugs.MECT may cause a short increase in white blood cells,but the white blood cell level in most patients can recover to normal levels after symptomatic treatment.The clinical data for treatment and prognosis in patients with MECT are inadequate,so it is necessary to improve the medical record.
ABSTRACT
Objective To study the electric shock protection requirements of in vitro diagnostic equipment and to help manufacturers understand the relevant requirements in order to design products reasonably. Methods The requirements of IEC 61010-1:2010 were analyzed, the electric shock protection measures were explored, and the principles for protecting ground impedance against electric shock were described. An example was taken to study the electric shock protection measures for the sampling needle of the automatic bio-chemical analyzer, so that the existence of electric shock hazard could be determined. Results The sampling needle proved its rationality in structure design by avoiding the risk for being electriferous in case of failed basic insulation, although the requirements for protective earthing, double insulation or reinforced insulation were not met efficiently. Conclusion The requirements for electric shock protection can be determined based on comprehensive understanding of the standard, determination of electriferous components of the equipment as well as analysis on electric shock protection measures.
ABSTRACT
Atrial fibrillation is amongst the various arrhythmias resulting after electrical injury but its incidence has been reported to be extremely rare. Here we are reporting a case of 35 years old lady presenting to our Emergency department with atrial fibrillation with fast ventricular rate after accidentally being injured by high voltage electrical current. She was managed successfully with pharmacological cardioversion followed by a period of observation. The rhythm reverted back to normal sinus rhythm on 3rd day. This approach of management is amongst one of the few published cases where patient was managed conservatively.
ABSTRACT
We developed a forced non-electric-shock running wheel (FNESRW) system that provides rats with high-intensity exercise training using automatic exercise training patterns that are controlled by a microcontroller. The proposed system successfully makes a breakthrough in the traditional motorized running wheel to allow rats to perform high-intensity training and to enable comparisons with the treadmill at the same exercise intensity without any electric shock. A polyvinyl chloride runway with a rough rubber surface was coated on the periphery of the wheel so as to permit automatic acceleration training, and which allowed the rats to run consistently at high speeds (30 m/min for 1 h). An animal ischemic stroke model was used to validate the proposed system. FNESRW, treadmill, control, and sham groups were studied. The FNESRW and treadmill groups underwent 3 weeks of endurance running training. After 3 weeks, the experiments of middle cerebral artery occlusion, the modified neurological severity score (mNSS), an inclined plane test, and triphenyltetrazolium chloride were performed to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed platform. The proposed platform showed that enhancement of motor function, mNSS, and infarct volumes was significantly stronger in the FNESRW group than the control group (P<0.05) and similar to the treadmill group. The experimental data demonstrated that the proposed platform can be applied to test the benefit of exercise-preconditioning-induced neuroprotection using the animal stroke model. Additional advantages of the FNESRW system include stand-alone capability, independence of subjective human adjustment, and ease of use.
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Exercise Test/methods , Exercise Therapy/methods , Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery/prevention & control , Physical Exertion , Physical Conditioning, Animal/instrumentation , Calibration , Cerebral Infarction/pathology , Cerebral Infarction/prevention & control , Disease Models, Animal , Equipment Design , Inventions , Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery/pathology , Physical Endurance , Random Allocation , Rats, Wistar , Severity of Illness Index , Software , Time FactorsABSTRACT
Background: The objective of this work was to study the anticonvulsant activity of calcium channel blockers verapamil and amlodipine and their interaction with an established antiepileptic drug diphenylhydantoin (DPH) in experimental model of epilepsy in albino rats. Methods: Maximal electroshock (MES) convulsions were induced by electroconvulsiometer and different phases of MES were noted in control and drug treated groups. Effect of different doses of verapamil (dose-5, 10 and 15 mg/kg), amlodipine (dose-2.5, 3 and 3.5 mg/kg) and DPH (dose-0.5 and 1 mg/100 g) on MES was studied. Finally, effect of combined treatment consisting of non-protective dose of DPH with different doses of verapamil and amlodipine were also studied on MES induced seizures. Results: Combination of non-protective dose (0.5 mg/100 g) of DPH with all the three doses of verapamil and amlodipine offered significant protection against MES induced seizures. Conclusions: From the present investigation, it may be concluded that the dose of DPH may be reduced in an antiepileptic individual who is on verapamil and amlodipine therapy.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the cause and countermeasures of frequent shocks in patients with implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICD). Methods Eighty ICD patients with heart failure and malignant ventricular arrhythmias were followed up, including sixty-two male and eighteen female patients. There were 35 patients with single-chamber ICD, 23 with dual-chamber ICD and 22 with three-chamber ICD. Patients in this study were followed up for 1-6 years to analyze the reasons for ICD discharge. According to the specific circumstances, patients were treated. Results Twenty-three pa-tients in 80 patients suffered from shock treatment. Ten patients (12.5%) experienced frequent shocks. The causes of fre-quent shock included repeated episodes of ventricular tachycardia, invalid shock due to increased defibrillation threshold (DF) and false identification of the frequent episodes of paroxysmal ventricular tachycardia or arrhythmias. The management included the identification process adjustment of ventricular tachycardia and supraventricular tachycardia, increased num-bers of beats of ventricular tachycardia judgment and increase the basic pacing rate. The anti-arrhythmic drugs should be combinedly used, especially metoprolol and amiodarone. The ICD shock was significantly reduced after parameter optimiza-tion and anti-arrhythmic therapy. Conclusion The ICD shocks were effectively reduced with rational use of anti-arrhyth-mic drugs and valid ICD programming.
ABSTRACT
Electrical shock can cause a direct myocardial damage and different types of arrhythmias, which are uncommon and occur more often when there is a high voltage exposure. We report a 19-year-old male that received a high voltage shock, falling thereafter from an altitude of four meters. On admission to the emergency room, he had second and third degree burns in the right hand and the left thigh. The electrocardiogram showed a nodal rhythm of 72 beats per minute. After four hours of monitoring, sinus rhythm returned spontaneously.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Young Adult , Arrhythmias, Cardiac/etiology , Electric Injuries/complications , Arrhythmias, Cardiac/physiopathology , Electrocardiography , Remission, SpontaneousABSTRACT
Introdução: Quando se comparam os dados referentes à gravidade, como uso de parâmetros como grau de incapacidade permanente das vítimas sobreviventes, enfatiza-se ainda mais a gravidade dos acidentes por energia elétrica. As vítimas costumam ser adultos jovens, do sexo masculino, em ambiente de trabalho. Do ponto de vista econômico, os acidentes causados por energia elétrica são de alto custo, pois costumam incidir sobre adultos jovens e tecnicamente diferenciados. O objetivo desse estudo é analisar os casos de acidentes ocupacionais decorrentes de queimadura elétrica em nosso serviço, com o intuito de conscientização, e alertar instituições governamentais e não-governamentais quanto à importância de sua prevenção. Método: Estudo retrospectivo transversal das internações dos anos de 2009 e 2010, a partir da coleta de dados em banco de dados do Centro de Tratamento de Queimados do Hospital Municipal Souza Aguiar, sendo analisados os seguintes dados: sexo, idade, local de ocorrência, porcentagem da superfície corporal queimada (SCQ), época do ano e taxa de mortalidade. Resultados: Foram acometidos 26 pacientes por queimadura elétrica, sendo todos do sexo masculino, com idade média de 29,5 anos. O acidente de trabalho foi o mais importante representando 38,46%, seguido de via pública (23,07%) e domiciliar (15,38%). A porcentagem do SCQ média: 0-9% (11,53%), 10-19% (34,61%), 20-29% (30,76%), 30-39% (30,76%) e 40-49% (3,84%). A taxa de óbito foi de 7,69%. Conclusão: Aconselha-se não fazer economia quanto aos gastos com prevenção e investir na pesquisa de novos métodos de tratamento capazes de diminuir o período de inatividade e o grau de incapacidade do trabalhador.
Introduction: When comparing the data on gravity, through parameters such as the degree of permanent disability of the surviving victims, it is emphasized further by the severity of electrical accidents. The victims are usually young adult males in the workplace. From an economic standpoint, accidents caused by electricity are expensive, because young adults tend to focus on differentiated and technically. The purpose of this study is to analyze the cases of occupational accidents due to electrical burn in our service, in order to raise awareness and alert governmental and non-governmental organizations on the importance of prevention. Methods: Cross-sectional retrospective study of admissions for the years 2009 and 2010, from the collection of data in the database of the Burn Treatment Center of the Hospital Municipal Souza Aguiar, and analyzed the following data: sex, age, place of occurrence, percentage of burned surface área (BSA), time of year and the mortality rate. Results: Twenty-six patients were affected by electrical burn, being all male, mean age 29.5 years. The accident was the most important work representing 38.46%, followed by road (23.07%) and home (15.38%). The average percentage of the BSA: 0-9% (11.53%), 10-19% (34.61%), 20-29% (30.76%), 30-39% (30.76%) and 40-49% (3.84%). The death rate was 7.69%. Conclusion: It is advisable not to make the economy and spending on prevention and investing in research of new treatment methods can reduce the period of inactivity and the degree of disability of the worker.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Accidents, Occupational/prevention & control , Inpatients , Burns, Electric/etiology , Accidents Caused by Electrical Discharges/analysis , Burns, Electric/prevention & controlABSTRACT
@#Objective TO report a case with aphasia after electric shock and cerebral trauma. Methods A case with aphasia after electric shock and brain trauma was reported.Results and Conclusion After 3 months of speech training, the speech and practical social function of the patient significantly improved.