ABSTRACT
Abstract The planning of a new thermal power plant is linked to the various decision elements and evaluation criteria. Factors such as the plant's geographic positioning, primary energy supply points, paths, and means of delivery of this primary energy should be analyzed. Similar studies are imposed when studying the change of a thermoelectric plant's primary energy source occurs. In Brazil, several plants are currently investigating the exchange of their primary fuel from oil to gas due to the decrees issued by ANEEL. This paper presents software, which uses virtual reality to assist in the various stages of the planning process and in the analyses that must be performed. This software was developed for the Hidrotermica Group and had as the primary target the Borborema Thermoelectric Power Plant.
ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT The present work presents the development of a system of measurement of electric energy consumption. This system shows the consumer the amount of energy consumed and its respective monetary value in real time. The prototype was used in a case study to validate its operation. Data were collected to discuss the results obtained. In order to verify if the results obtained in the prototype were correct, several measurements of energy consumption were made in different residential equipment. The consumption values measured by the prototype were compared with the values obtained by the certified and calibrated energy meter provided by COPEL and were satisfactory.
Subject(s)
Risk Measurement Equipment , Electricity , Energy Supply/methods , Energy ConsumptionABSTRACT
Aims: The study analyzes the carbon footprint of the waste oil management system operating in Portugal to ensure the sustainable operation in the future. The analysis was carried out in 2011for the system that is composed of a treatment procedure collecting the treated oil for re-refining, followed by the production of expanded clay and recycling for electricity production. Methodology: Carbon footprint analysis was conducted by using the Umberto software 5.5 based on the concepts of life cycle assessment with respect to international standards (ISO). Within this context, the substances considered for such carbon footprint analysis are directly relevant to Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC, 2007). Results: The results showed that managing waste oils may contribute to the reduction of carbon footprint due to the avoided emissions of greenhouse gas through the reuse of treated waste oils. The carbon dioxide equivalent emissions from collection and treatment of waste oils would not outweigh such benefit earned from the substitution of virgin lubricant oil even though the use of treated waste oils for producing expanded clay may end up some more carbon dioxide emissions. Conclusion: The carbon footprint analysis in this study has shown the potential for improvements in the waste oil management system in Portugal. The most significant improvement that could be made is the increase of using treated waste oils for the expanded clay production. However, such a strategy would not be consistent with the waste hierarchy principle which dominates the current decision making in managing waste nationally.
ABSTRACT
Com o objetivo de avaliar a ação do regime de irrigação na produção da alface cv. "Regina" em sistema hidropônico NFT, foi conduzido um experimento no Departamento de Fitotecnia da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, de maio a junho (outono) de 2005. Os tratamentos constituíram-se de três diferentes intervalos entre irrigações; 15min, 30min e 45min a cada irrigação de 15min. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos ao acaso com três repetições. Foram realizadas as medidas fenométricas área foliar, fitomassa seca da parte aérea e fitomassa seca total, no momento do transplante e aos seis, nove, 16, 20 e 23 dias após o transplante. Não houve diferença significativa entre as variáveis fenométricas. O intervalo de 45 min entre irrigações destacou-se por ter proporcionado diminuição no custo da energia elétrica de 42,1 por cento, sem prejuízos à produtividade.
The objective of this study was to evaluate irrigation intervals on the production of lettuce, cv. Regina, in an NFT hydroponic system. An experiment was carried out at the Crop Science Department, Federal University of Santa Maria, from May to June 2005. Treatments were three irrigation intervals (15min, 30min, and 45min) after a 15 minutes irrigation. The experimental design was a complete randomized block design with three replications. Leaf area, and above ground and total dry matter were measured at transplanting, and at 6, 9, 16, 20 and 23 days after transplanting. The treatment 45 minutes interval between successive irrigations allowed a 42,1 percent saving electric energy without decreasing lettuce yeld.