The effect of cotton pad thickness plus compression bandage on radiation doses to irradiated keloid dermoplasty / 中华放射医学与防护杂志

Objective To investigate the effect of cotton pad plus compression bandage on radiation doses from radiation therapy of keloid dermoplasty.Methods Radiation doses from electron beams with different energies were measured using Siemens Primus-H accelerator,PTW-Quickcheck and 1-10 layers of dry,wet,blood cotton pad,respectively.Results The cotton pad could be used to prevent errhysis after radiation therapy of keloids.When 5 or more layers of cotton pad,about 2 cm,were used and errhysis still occur red,9 MeV electron beam should be used for the purpose of achieving the desirable dose and treatment result without occurrence of errhysis.Conclusions In clinical practice,to achieve the desirable dose for keloid treatment,electron beam energy should be adapted according to the errhysis situation.It is recommended to provide the measured data to determine the prescribed dose.

Verification of dose parameters under reference and non-reference conditions for radiotherapy in Liaoning province / 中华放射医学与防护杂志

Objective To verify the reliability of dose parameters of radiotherapy under reference and non-reference conditions by using TLD.Methods Dose parameters were verified by using TLDs under reference and non-reference conditions,including the maximum dose in axel of 5 electron beams with energy of 9 MeV and the variations of dose by depth,source-skin distance,exposure field and 45° wedge for 10 photon beams with energy of 6 MV in 5 hospitals.Results The average relative deviation of 6 MV photon beam measured between TLDs and finger ionization chambers were 4.45％,within ± 7％ as required by IAEA.The average relative deviation of 9 MeV electron beam measured between TLDs and plane parallel chambers were 2.45％,within ± 5％ was required by IAEA.Conclusions Measuring dosimetric parameters by using TLDs under reference and non-reference conditions was reliable and feasible.

Development of methodology for auditing dosimetric parameters for photon and electron beams under non-reference conditions / 中华放射医学与防护杂志

Objective To develop a methodology for auditing dosimetric parameters using TLD for photon and electron beams in non-reference conditions.Methods The correction experiments have been developed for non-linear dose response,PAAM holder,energy,fading and dispersion using TLD for 60Co γ-ray,high energy X-ray and electron beams.The measuring method was set up for absorbed dose estimation by TLDs in water.3 photon beams and 2 electron beams were selected for research purposes,and 5 photon beams and 4 electron beams for reliability research.Results The research results were evaluated for60Co source,6,10,15 and 18 MV photon beams in non-reference conditions at off-axis,with the relative deviation within-0.1％-7.2％ at-off axis (IAEA's acceptable deviation:± 7.0％).The verification results were evaluated for 5 photon beams in non-reference conditions at on-axis,with the relative deviation are within 0.1％-7.0％.The verification results were evaluated for 4 electron beams in non-reference conditions,with the relative deviation within 0-4.7％ (IAEA's acceptable deviation:±5.0％).Conclusions It is convenient and accurate to use TLD method for quality audits for clinic dosimetry parameters in radiotherapy.Two kinds of IAEA TLD holders are feasible for use in TLD audits.Absorbed doses for high energy electron beam were corrected using plane parallel chambers and verified using TLD,with good results obtained.

Verification of dosimetric methodology for auditing radiotherapy quality under non-reference condition in Hubei province / 中华放射医学与防护杂志

Objective To verify the reliability of TLD-based quality audit for radiotherapy dosimetry of medical electron accelerator in non-reference condition by monitoring the dose variations from electron beams with different field sizes and 45° wedge and the dose variations from photon beams with different field sizes and source-skin distance.Methods Both TLDs and finger ionization chambers were placed at a depth of 10 cm in water to measure the absorbed dose from photon beams,and also placed at the depth of maximum dose from electron beams under non-reference condition.TLDs were then mailed to National Institute for Radiological Protection,China CDC for further measurement.Results Among the 70 measuring points for photon beams,58 points showed the results with a relative error less than ± 7.0％ (IAEA's acceptable deviation:± 7.0％) between TLDs and finger ionization chambers measurements,and the percentage of qualified point numbers was 82.8％.After corrected by P,value,62 points were qualified and the percentage was up to 88.6％.All of the measuring points for electron beams,with the total number of 24,presented a relative error within ± 5.0％ (IAEA's acceptable deviation:± 5.0％) between TLDs and finger ioization cylindrical chambers measurements.Conclusions TLD-based quality audit is convenient for determining radiotherapy dosimetric parameters of electron beams in non-reference condition and can improve the accuracy of the measuring parameters in connection with finger chambers.For electron beams of 5 MeV ＜ E0 ＜ 10 MeV,the absorbed dose parameters measured by finger ionization chambers,combined with TLD audit,can help obtain the precise and reliable results.

Hydrogel wound dressing preparation at the laboratory scale by using electron beam and gamma radiation / Preparación de apósitos de membranas de hidrogeles a escala de laboratorio mediante haz de electrones y radiación gamma

The present work describes the preparation of hydrogel based on cross-linked networks of poly (N-vinylpirrolidone), PVP, with polyethyleneglicol and agar with 90% water and PVP nancomposites with a synthetic nanoclay, Laponite XLG, for use as burn dressings. These systems were obtained in two ways: using gamma Co-60 and electron beam radiation. The gelation obtained dose was Dg= 1.72 kGy. The elastic modulus of hydrogel was independent of the method of irradiation. It was 0.39 MPa for the hydrogel irradiated with gamma Co-60 and 0.38 MPa for electron beam irradiation. The elastic modulus of the nanocomposite membrane was 1.25 MPa, three times higher. These results indicate that the PVP/Laponite XLG nanocomposite hydrogel membrane is the best choice for wound dressing applications due to its high water sorption capacity and its superior mechanical properties.

En el presente trabajo se describe la preparación de hidrogeles basados en redes entrecruzadas de poli (N-vinilpirrolidona), PVP con polietilenglicol, agar y un 90% de agua, y nanocomposites de PVP con una nanoarcilla sintética, la Laponita XLG para su empleo como apósito para quemaduras. Estos sistemas se obtuvieron por dos vías: radiación gamma de Co-60 y haz de electrones. La dosis de gelificación obtenida fue de Dg= 1.72 kGy. El módulo elástico de los hidrogeles resultó independiente del método de irradiación, siendo igual a 0.39 MPa para el irradiado con Co-60 y 0.38 MPa para el irradiado con haz de electrones. El módulo elástico de la membrana de nanocomposite fue 3 veces superior, 1.25 MPa. Estos resultados muestran que los hidrogeles de nanocomposites de PVP/Laponita XLG resultan superiores para su aplicación en el tratamiento de quemaduras, por su alta capacidad de sorción de agua y sus mejores propiedades mecánicas.

Commissioning of Mobetron mobile intra-operattve radiotherapy accelerator / 中华放射肿瘤学杂志

Objective To commission a Mobetron intra-operative mobile accelerator and analyze the characteristics of its electron beams. Methods The dosimetrie characteristics of the electron beams genera-ted by Mobetron accelerator were measured and compared with those generated by conventional accelerator (Primus, Siemens). M oberton accelerator can generate electron beams of nominal energies of 4,6,9 and 12 MeV. The measurement items were as followings : percentage depth dose perpendicular to water phantom sur-face and beam profiles parallel to water phantom surface, output factors, applicator leakage, electron beam at-tenuation made by lead blocks,and machine output calibration. The measurement devices included a three-dimensional ( 3 D) water scanning phantom, an electrometer, a 0.6 cm3 Farmer ionization chamber, a parallel-plate ionization chamber and solid water slabs. During measurement, all applicators of different tilt angles and diameters were attached to the machine head,and their ends were adjusted to be tangent to the phantom surface. Results Except for the 12 MeV,skin dose for all energies was no more than 90%. The skin dose was higher for Mobetron accelerator electron beams than for regular electron beams. The Dmax depth in water for a 10 cm flat applicator were 0.7,1.3,2.0 and 2.2 cm for the 4 energies,respectively. The depths of 90% dose were 1.0,1.8,2.7 and 3.6 cm, respectively. The selected flat applicator was just 1 cm larger than the tumor bed. But for the beveled applicators,the field flatness and symmetry became worse,and con-sequently,the applicator size had to be selected based on the isodose distribution. The leakage dose at 1 cm outside the applicator was 1.2% ,5.1%, 10.0% and 9.1%, respectively. The lead thickness for full block was 1.5,3.0,4.5 and 6.0 mm,respectively. Conclusions Through the commissioning of Mobetron accel-erator, the machine characteristics are understood, and the data for clinical implementation and routine quality assurance are acquired.

The dosimetric Properties of Electron Beam Using Lyon Intraoperative Device for Intraoperative Radiation Therapy / 대한치료방사선과학회지

We have studied the dosimetric properties of electron beam using Lyon intraoperative device for intraoperative radiation therapy. The dosimetry data had compiled in such a way that a quick and correct decision regarding the cone shape, energy, and accurate calculations could be made. Using 3 dimensional water phantom, we have got the following data: cone output ratios, surface dose, dmax, dgo, flatness, symmetry, beam profiles, isodose curve, and SSD correction factors. The cone output ratios were measured with straight and bevelled cone, respectively. As the cone size and the energy were reduced, the cone output ratios decreased rapidly. With the flattening filter, the surface dose increased by electron beam to 85.3%, 89.2%, and 93.4%, for 6MeV, 9MeV, and 12MeV, respectively. It is important to increase the surface dose to 90% or more. Inspite of diminishing dose rate and beam penetration, this flattening filter increases the treatment volume significantly. With the combination of the three levels collimation and the flattening filter, we achieved good homogeneity of the beam and better flatness and the diameter of the 90% isodose curve was increased. It is important to increase the area that is included in the 90% isodose level. The value of measured and calculated SSD correction factors did not agree over the clinically important range from 100cm to 110cm .