Parámetros para la evaluación visual e instrumental del color dental en estudios in-vitro. Revisión de la literatura / Parameters for visual and instrumental assessment of tooth colour in in-vitro studies. Literature review

Objetivo: establecer los parámetros para la evaluación visual e instrumental del color dental en estudios in-vitro a partir de la literatura científca publicada entre 2015 y 2021. Métodos: se realizó la búsqueda en las bases de datos: PubMed, Web of Science, Science Direct, Scopus, Scielo y Lilacs; también en el motor de búsqueda Google Académico y las bibliotecas de las editoriales Wiley y Springer. Las palabras clave utilizadas fueron tooth, color, in-vitro, color perception, shade matching, thresholds, appearance, surrounding, "CIELAB" y "CIEDE2000". Teniendo en cuenta los criterios de elegibilidad, se seleccionaron los estudios de acuerdo al título, resumen y texto completo. Resultados: la búsqueda arrojó un total de 37 publicaciones que se agruparon en tres tópicos: 1. toma de color visual: condiciones ambientales, observadores y nivelación; 2. toma de color instrumental: instrumentos; y 3. procesamiento de datos: cálculo de la diferencia de color y umbrales de perceptibilidad (PT) y aceptabilidad (AT). Conclusiones: los aspectos más importantes en la evaluación visual son la iluminación, el ambiente para registro (sitio, entorno y fondo alrededor de la muestra), las condiciones geométricas de visualización, los observadores y el uso de guías. En la evaluación instrumental es relevante elegir el aparato apropiado de acuerdo con su precisión y reproducibilidad, como los espectroradiómetros y los espectrofotómetros de uso clínico. Se presenta el procesamiento de datos para establecer las variaciones de cada coordenada, las diferencias de color (ΔE): CIELAB y CIEDE2000, los umbrales y los lineamientos.

Objective: To establish the parameters for the visual and instrumental evaluation of tooth color in in-vitro studies based on the scientifc literature published between 2015 and 2021. Methods: The search was carried out in the databases of PubMed, Web of Science, Science Direct, Scopus, Scielo, Lilacs; search engine Google Scholar and publishers' library of Wiley and Scielo, using the keywords "tooth", "color", "in vitro", "color perception", "shade matching", "thresholds", "appearance", "surrounding", "CIELAB", and "CIEDE2000". The literature was selected according to the title, abstract and full text taking into the eligibility criteria. Results: It yielded a total of 37 publications, which were grouped into three topics: 1. visual color acquisition: environmental conditions for color acquisition, observers and levelling. 2. instrumental color sampling: instruments. 3. Data processing: Calculation of color diference and perception thresholds (PT) and acceptability thresholds (AT). Conclusions: The most important aspects in the visual assessment are lighting, the environment for color registration (site, environment and background around the sample), the geometric conditions of visualization, the observers and the use of guides. Regarding the instrumental assessment of color, the appropriate devices must be chosen according to its precision and reproducibility, being the spectrophotometers and spectroradiometers the most precise ones. It is presented how the data processing is carried out to establish the variations of each coordinate, the color diferences (ΔE): CIELAB and CIEDE2000, thresholds and guidelines.

Potencialidades e limites do processamento de dados em pesquisas sobre a produção científica / Potential and limits of data processing in research on scientific production / Potencial y límites del procesamiento de datos en investigaciones sobre la producción científica

Este trabalho versa sobre potencialidades e limites relacionados à utilização de processamentos de dados para auxiliar na produção e sistematização de conhecimento científico. Objetiva, através de um exercício experimental envolvendo a utilização de algoritmo, discutir a viabilidade do uso de técnicas de coleta automatizada para levantamento e produção de dados utilizáveis no âmbito das pesquisas científicas. Como demonstração, busca reproduzir de maneira automatizada processos relacionados à coleta de dados de pesquisa anteriormente publicada neste periódico, descrevendo metodologicamente como foram organizados e desenvolvidos a extração e o tratamento desses dados. Como resultado, constata que o processamento automatizado pode ser uma alternativa produtiva e eficiente para auxiliar nas sistematizações e análises sobre o acumulado crescente de publicações no campo científico, podendo abrir novos caminhos metodológicos de pesquisa na Educação Física, especialmente considerando o volume de dados passível de coleta e análise em redes sociais, fóruns e outras plataformas na web. (AU)

This paper deals with potentials and limits related to the use of data processing to assist in the production and systematization of scientific knowledge. It aims, through an experimental exercise involving the use of an algorithm, to discuss the feasibility of using automated collection techniques for surveying and producing data that can be used in scientific research. As a demonstration, it seeks to automatically reproduce processes related to the collection of research data previously published in this journal, describing methodologically how the extraction and treatment of these data was organized and developed. As a result, it finds that automated processing can be a productive and efficient alternative to assist in the systematization and analysis of the growing accumulation of publications in the scientific field, which may open new methodological paths for research in Physical Education, especially considering the volume of data subject to collection and analysis on social networks, forums and other web platforms. (AU)

Este trabajo aborda las potencialidades y los límites relacionados con el uso del procesamiento de datos para ayudar en la producción y sistematización del conocimiento científico. Su objetivo, a través de un ejercicio experimental que implica el uso de un algoritmo, es discutir la viabilidad del uso de técnicas de recolección automatizada para la obtención y producción de datos que se puedan utilizar en el ámbito de las investigaciones científicas. A modo de demostración, se busca reproducir de manera automatizada procesos relacionados con la recolección de datos de una investigación previamente publicada en esta revista, describiendo metodológicamente cómo se organizó y desarrolló la extracción y el tratamiento de esos datos. Como resultado, se constata que el procesamiento automatizado puede ser una alternativa productiva y eficiente para ayudar en la sistematización y análisis de la creciente acumulación de publicaciones en el campo científico, lo que puede abrir nuevos caminos metodológicos para la investigación en Educación Física, especialmente considerando el volumen de datos que se pueden recolectar y analizar en redes sociales, foros y otras plataformas web. (AU)

Sistema multiplataforma innovador para el control de emergencias, inventario y recurso humano de la Cruz Roja Salvadoreña: en asocio con la Cruz Roja Salvadoreña de Chinameca, San Miguel / Innovative multiplatform system for the control of emergencies, inventory and human resources of the Salvadoran Red Cross: in association with the Salvadoran Red Cross of Chinameca, San Miguel

En el presente informe, se encontrará con el estudio sobre el desarrollo de un sistema multiplataforma para el control de operaciones de emergencias, inventario y recurso humano de la Cruz Roja Salvadoreña del municipio de Chinameca, San Miguel, cuyos objetivos fueron diseñar un modelado de datos relacional con características de escalabilidad y definir procesos en el software que se acoplen a las necesidades actuales de la Cruz Roja y las solventen. Para el desarrollo de la investigación se realizó el diseño de interfaces que mejoren la experiencia de usuario en el uso de la plataforma. Finalmente se capacitó al personal en el uso de la plataforma.El diseño del modelado de datos relacional implementado en este sistema informático permite su adaptación a los cambios gracias al funcionamiento lógico del sistema, facilitando de esta manera su actualización a nuevas versiones y tecnologías sin afectar su rendimiento

In this report, the development of a multiplatform system for the control of emergency operations, inventory and human resources of the Salvadoran Red Cross of the municipality of Chinameca, San Miguel, will be explained. The objectives were to design a data modeling relational with scalability characteristics, processes and to define in the software the current needs of the Red Cross and solve them. For the development of the research, the design of interfaces that improve the user experience in the use of the platform was carried out. Finally, the personnel were trained in the use of the platform. The data modeling relational design implemented in this system allows the adaptation to changes thanks to logic system performance, making easier the updating to new versions and technologies without affecting his efficiency

Rtabnetsp: pacote R para extração de indicadores de saúde do estado de São Paulo / Rtabnetsp: paquete R para extracción de indicadores de salud del estado de São Paulo, Brasil / Rtabnetsp: an R package for retrieving São Paulo State health status indicators, Brazil

Indicadores de saúde representam uma importante ferramenta de acompanhamento de desempenho de ações em Saúde Pública, permitindo a avaliação de intervenções realizadas, bem como a identificação de tendências e regiões prioritárias para alocação de recursos. Com o objetivo de aumentar a praticidade nas tarefas de análise e manipulação de dados desses indicadores, foi criado um pacote R. O pacote rtabnetsp realiza requisições aos servidores TabNet da página eletrônica da Secretaria de Estado da Saúde de São Paulo, recuperando e tratando tais dados para utilização do usuário. Este artigo apresenta o pacote rtabnetsp e suas funções, modo de instalação e uso; traz também exemplos de suas funcionalidades, que permitem a visualização, busca e seleção, entre uma lista de indicadores, do conteúdo desejado, além da obtenção dos dados agregados pelo nível de regionalização disponível na matriz de dados, conferindo maior agilidade a tarefas de gestão em saúde do estado de São Paulo.

Indicadores de salud son una herramienta importante para monitorear el desempeño de las acciones de salud pública, permitiendo la evaluación de las intervenciones hechas, así como la identificación de tendencias y regiones prioritarias para la asignación de recursos. En la búsqueda de aumentar la practicidad en las tareas de análisis y manipulación de datos de estos indicadores, se creó un paquete R. El paquete rtabnetsp realiza solicitudes a los servidores TabNet del Departamento de Salud del Estado de São Paulo, recogiendo y procesando dichos datos para el usuario. Este artículo presenta el paquete, sus funciones, instalación y uso, así como ejemplos de sus funcionalidades, que permiten visualizar y buscar desde un listado de indicadores, seleccionar el contenido deseado y obtener los datos agregados por el nivel de regionalización disponible en la matriz de datos, alcanzando más agilidad en las tareas de gestión de la salud en el estado de São Paulo.

Health status indicators are an important tool for monitoring the performance of public health actions, identifying trends and priority regions for resource allocation. An R package was developed in order to increase the feasibility of handling and analyzing health status indicator data. The rtabnetsp package requests data from TabNet servers on the São Paulo State Department of Health website, retrieving and preprocessing the data for user manipulation. This article presents the rtabnetsp package and its functions, installation and use; as well as providing examples of its functionalities, which involve listing and searching among available indicators, selecting desired content and obtaining data aggregated according to regionalization level held on the data matrix, enabling greater agility in tasks regarding public health management in the state of São Paulo.

Microdatasus: pacote para download e pré-processamento de microdados do Departamento de Informática do SUS (DATASUS) / Microdatasus: a package for downloading and preprocessing microdata from Brazilian Health Informatics Department (DATASUS) / Microdatasus: paquete para descarga y pre-procesamiento de microdatos del Departamento de Informática del SUS (DATASUS)

O objetivo do estudo foi desenvolver um algoritmo capaz de realizar o download e o pré-processamento de microdados fornecidos pelo Departamento de Informática do SUS (DATASUS) para diversos sistemas de informações em saúde para a linguagem de programação estatística R. O pacote desenvolvido permite o download e o pré-processamento de dados de diversos sistemas de informação em saúde, com a inclusão da rotulagem dos campos categóricos nos arquivos. A função de download foi capaz de acessar diretamente e reduzir o volume de trabalho para a seleção de arquivos e variáveis de microdados junto ao DATASUS. Já a função de pré-processamento foi capaz de efetuar a codificação automática de diversos campos categóricos. Dessa forma, a utilização desse pacote possibilita um fluxo de trabalho contínuo no mesmo programa, no qual esse algoritmo permite o download e o pré-processamento, e outros pacotes do R permitem a análise de dados dos sistemas de informação em saúde do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS).

This study aimed to develop an algorithm for downloading and preprocessing microdata furnished by the Brazilian Health Informatics Department (DATASUS) for various health information systems, using the R statistical programming language. The package allows downloading and preprocessing data from various health information systems, with the inclusion of labeling categorical fields in the files. The download function was capable of directly accessing and reducing the workload for the selection of microdata files and variables in DATASUS, while the preprocessing function enabled automatic coding of various categorical fields. The package thus enables a continuous workflow in the same program, in which the algorithm allows downloading and preprocessing and other packages in R allow analyzing data from the health information systems in the Brazilian Unified National Health System (SUS).

El objetivo del estudio fue desarrollar un algoritmo capaz de realizar la descarga y pre-procesamiento de microdatos, proporcionados por el Departamento de Informática del SUS (DATASUS), para diversos sistemas de información en salud, así como para el lenguaje de programación estadístico R. El paquete desarrollado permite la descarga y preprocesamiento de datos de diversos sistemas de información en salud, con la inclusión del rótulo de los campos categóricos en los archivos. La función de descarga se mostró capaz de acceder directamente y reducir el volumen de trabajo para la selección de archivos y variables de microdatos a través del DATASUS, mientras que la función de pre-procesamiento fue capaz de efectuar la codificación automática de diversos campos categóricos. De esta forma, la utilización de este paquete posibilita un flujo de trabajo continuo en el mismo programa, donde este algoritmo permite la descarga y preprocesamiento y otros paquetes del R permiten el análisis de datos de los sistemas de información en salud del Sistema Único de Salud (SUS).

Real-time data monitoring for ulcerative colitis: patient perception and qualitative analysis

BACKGROUND/AIMS: TrueColours ulcerative colitis (TCUC) is a comprehensive web-based program that functions through email, providing direct links to questionnaires. Several similar programs are available, however patient perspectives are unexplored. METHODS: A pilot study was conducted to determine feasibility, usability and patient perceptions of real-time data collection (daily symptoms, fortnightly quality of life, 3 monthly outcomes). TCUC was adapted from a web-based program for patients with relapsing-remitting bipolar disorder, using validated UC indices. A semi-structured interview was developed and audio-recorded face-to-face interviews were conducted after 6 months of interaction with TCUC. Transcripts were coded in NVivo11, a qualitative data analysis software package. An inductive approach and thematic analysis was conducted. RESULTS: TCUC was piloted in 66 patients for 6 months. Qualitative analysis currently defies statistical appraisal beyond “data saturation,” even if it has more influence on clinical practice than quantitative data. A total of 28 face-to-face interviews were conducted. Six core themes emerged: awareness, control, decision-making, reassurance, communication and burden of treatment. There was a transcending overarching theme of patient empowerment, which cut across all aspects of the TCUC experience. CONCLUSIONS: Patient perception of the impact of real-time data collection was extremely positive. Patients felt empowered as a product of the self-monitoring format of TCUC, which may be a way of improving self-management of UC whilst also decreasing the burden on the individual and healthcare services.

Disparities in hospital capacities and efficiency of computer-based health insurance claims processing

@#<p style="text-align: justify;"><b>BACKGROUND:</b> The Philippine Health Insurance Corporation (PhilHealth) has adopted several computer-based systems to enhance claims processing for hospitals.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>OBJECTIVES:</strong> This study sought to determine the efficiency gains in the processing of PhilHealth claims following the introduction of computer-based processing systems, taking into account differences in hospital characteristics.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>METHODS:</strong> Data were obtained from a survey conducted among 200 hospitals, and their corresponding 2014 claims figures as provided by PhilHealth. Summary descriptive statistics of hospital capacities (ownership, service level, and utilization of PhilHealth computer systems) and claims outcomes (claims rejection rates, as well as length of claims processing times for hospitals and with PhilHealth) were generated. Multivariate regression analysis was done using claims outcomes as dependent variables, and hospital capacities as independent variables.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>RESULTS:</strong> Nearly a quarter of the surveyed hospitals did not utilize any of PhilHealth's computer-based claims systems. Utilization was lowest for primary as well as public facilities. Among those that used the systems, most employed the on-line membership verification program. The mean claims rejection rate was 3.81%. Claims processing by hospitals took an average of 35 days, while PhilHealth required 40 days from receipt of claims to the release of reimbursement. Regression analysis indicated that facilities that utilized computers, as well as private hospitals, had significantly lower claims rejection rates (p<0.05). The claims processing duration was significantly shorter among private facilities.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>CONCLUSIONS:</strong> Private hospitals are able to process claims and obtain reimbursements faster than public facilities, regardless of the use of PhilHealth's computer-based systems. PhilHealth and public hospitals need to optimize claims processing arrangements.</p>

Diseño e implementación de un software para la administración de expedientes de pacientes en la Unidad de Salud de Perquín, Departamento de Morazán / Design and implementation of a software for the administration of patient records at Unidad de Salud de Perquin, department of Morazán

Este artículo contiene información concerniente al proyecto de investigación aplicada de la carrera Técnico en Sistemas Informáticos, realizado por docentes en colaboración con estudiantes del Centro Regional de San Miguel. El proyecto ejecutado se denomina "Diseño e Implementación de un Software para administrar expedientes de pacientes en la Unidad de Salud de Perquín, Departamento de Morazán". El objetivo principal del proyecto fue diseñar e implementar un software capaz de agilizar los procesos administrativos y de consultas en la unidad de salud. En este artículo se hace referencia a los progresos y alcances de las organizaciones con la utilización de los sistemas de información.

This article contains information related to the applied research project of the Computer Systems Technician career, carried out by teachers in collaboration with students from the San Miguel Regional Center. The executed project is called "Design and implementation of a software to manage patient records in the Health Unit of Perquín, Department of Morazán". The main objective of the project was to design and implement software capable of streamlining administrative and consultation processes in the health unit. This article refers to the progress and scope of organizations with the use of information systems.