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1.
Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras. (1992) ; 65(11): 1349-1355, Nov. 2019. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1057072

ABSTRACT

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: To assess the frequency and severity of prescriptions errors with potentially dangerous drugs (heparin and potassium chloride for injection concentrate) before and after the introduction of a computerized provider order entry (CPOE) system. METHODS: This is a retrospective study that compared errors in manual/pre-typed prescriptions in 2007 (Stage 1) with CPOE prescriptions in 2014 (Stage 2) (Total = 1,028 prescriptions), in two high-complexity hospitals of Belo Horizonte, Brasil. RESULTS: An increase of 25% in the frequency of errors in Hospital 1 was observed after the intervention (p<0.001). In contrast, a decreased error frequency of 85% was observed in Hospital 2 (p<0.001). Regarding potassium chloride, the error rate remained unchanged in Hospital 1 (p>0.05). In Hospital 2, a significant decrease was recorded in Stage 2 (p<0.001). A reduced error severity with heparin (p<0.001) was noted, while potassium chloride-related prescription severity remain unchanged (p> 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The frequency and severity of medication errors after the introduction of CPOE was affected differently in the two hospitals, which shows a need for thorough observation when the prescription system is modified. Control of new potential errors introduced and their causes for the adoption of measures to prevent these events must be in place during and after the implementation of this technology.


RESUMO OBJETIVO: Avaliar a frequência e a gravidade de erros em prescrições envolvendo medicamentos potencialmente perigosos (heparina e cloreto de potássio concentrado injetável) antes e após a introdução de um sistema de prescrição eletrônica. MÉTODOS: Trata-se de estudo retrospectivo que comparou erros em prescrições manuais e pré-digitadas de 2007 (Fase 1) com prescrições eletrônicas de 2014 (Fase 2) (total = 1.028 prescrições), em dois hospitais de alta complexidade de Belo Horizonte. RESULTADOS: Foi observado no hospital 1 aumento de 25% dos erros depois da intervenção (p<0,001), e no hospital 2 foi verificada redução de 85% (p<0,001). Para o cloreto de potássio, a frequência de erros permaneceu a mesma no hospital 1 (p>0,05), independentemente da fase e, no hospital 2, ocorreu redução significativa na fase 2 (p<0,001). Foi identificada redução da gravidade dos erros com a heparina (p<0,001), mas não houve alteração na gravidade dos erros com cloreto de potássio (p>0,05). CONCLUSÕES: A frequência e a gravidade dos erros de medicação após a introdução de prescrição eletrônica foram impactadas de forma diferente nos dois hospitais, demonstrando necessidade de observação criteriosa quando o sistema de prescrição é modificado. Durante e após a implantação dessa tecnologia, deve existir controle dos novos erros potenciais introduzidos e suas causas para a adoção de medidas de prevenção desses eventos.


Subject(s)
Humans , Potassium Chloride/administration & dosage , Heparin/administration & dosage , Medical Order Entry Systems , Electronic Prescribing/statistics & numerical data , Medication Errors/statistics & numerical data , Potassium Chloride/adverse effects , Brazil , Heparin/adverse effects , Retrospective Studies , Electronic Prescribing/standards
2.
Einstein (Säo Paulo) ; 17(4): eGS4282, 2019. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1012011

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective: To compare medication errors in two emergency departments with electronic medical record, to two departments that had conventional handwritten records at the same organization. Methods: A cross-sectional, retrospective, descriptive, comparative study of medication errors and their classification, according to the National Coordinating Council for Medication Error Reporting and Prevention, associated with the use of electronic and conventional medical records, in emergency departments of the same organization, during one year. Results: There were 88 events per million opportunities in the departments with electronic medical record and 164 events per million opportunities in the units with conventional medical records. There were more medication errors when using conventional medical record - in 9 of 14 categories of the National Coordinating Council for Medication Error Reporting and Prevention. Conclusion: The emergency departments using electronic medical records presented lower levels of medication errors, and contributed to a continuous improvement in patients´ safety.


RESUMO Objetivo: Comparar os erros de medicações de duas unidades de pronto atendimento que possuíam prontuário eletrônico aos de duas unidades que possuíam prontuário convencional manual em uma mesma instituição. Métodos: Estudo transversal, retrospectivo, descritivo, que comparou a incidência de erros de medicações e sua classificação, segundo o National Coordinating Council for Medication Error Reporting and Prevention, associado ao uso do prontuário eletrônico e do convencional, em unidades de pronto atendimento de uma mesma instituição por um ano. Resultados: Foram observados 88 eventos por milhão de oportunidades nas unidades com prontuário eletrônico e 164 por milhão de oportunidades nas unidades com prontuário convencional. Houve mais erros de medicações nas unidades com prontuário convencional − em 9 das 14 categorias da National Coordinating Council for Medication Error Reporting and Prevention analisadas. Conclusão: Com a utilização do prontuário eletrônico, as unidades de pronto atendimento apresentaram menores índices de erros de medicações, contribuindo para melhoria continuada na segurança do paciente.


Subject(s)
Humans , Medication Errors/statistics & numerical data , Brazil , Cross-Sectional Studies , Retrospective Studies , Emergency Service, Hospital , Electronic Health Records , Medication Errors/classification , Medication Errors/prevention & control
3.
Healthcare Informatics Research ; : 89-98, 2019.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-740236

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: Open-source Electronic Health Record (EHR) systems have gained importance. The main aim of our research is to guide organizational choice by comparing the features, functionality, and user-facing system performance of the five most popular open-source EHR systems. METHODS: We performed qualitative content analysis with a directed approach on recently published literature (2012–2017) to develop an integrated set of criteria to compare the EHR systems. The functional criteria are an integration of the literature, meaningful use criteria, and the Institute of Medicine's functional requirements of EHR, whereas the user-facing system performance is based on the time required to perform basic tasks within the EHR system. RESULTS: Based on the Alexa web ranking and Google Trends, the five most popular EHR systems at the time of our study were OSHERA VistA, GNU Health, the Open Medical Record System (OpenMRS), Open Electronic Medical Record (OpenEMR), and OpenEHR. We also found the trends in popularity of the EHR systems and the locations where they were more popular than others. OpenEMR met all the 32 functional criteria, OSHERA VistA met 28, OpenMRS met 12 fully and 11 partially, OpenEHR-based EHR met 10 fully and 3 partially, and GNU Health met the least with only 10 criteria fully and 2 partially. CONCLUSIONS: Based on our functional criteria, OpenEMR is the most promising EHR system, closely followed by VistA. With regards to user-facing system performance, OpenMRS has superior performance in comparison to OpenEMR.


Subject(s)
Electronic Health Records , Electronic Prescribing , Meaningful Use , Medical Order Entry Systems , Medical Records
4.
Rev. latinoam. enferm. (Online) ; 24: e2742, 2016. tab
Article in English, Spanish, Portuguese | LILACS, BDENF | ID: biblio-960925

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective: to compare electronic and manual prescriptions of a public hospital of Brasilia, identifying risk factors for the occurrence of medication errors. Method: descriptive-exploratory, comparative and retrospective study. Data collection occurred from July 2012 to January 2013, using an instrument for the review of the information contained in medical records related to the medication process. A total of 190 manual and 199 electronic records composed the sample, with 2027 prescriptions each. Results: compared to the manual prescription, a significant reduction was observed in the risk factors after implantation of the electronic prescription, in items such as "lack of the form of dilution" (71.1% to 22.3%) and "prescription with brand name" (99.5% to 31.5%). Conversely, the risk factors "no check" and "lack of CRM of the prescriber" increased. The lack of the allergy registration and the occurrences related to medication were the same for both groups. Conclusion: generally, the use of the electronic prescription system was associated with a significant reduction in risk factors for medication errors, concerning the following aspects: illegibility, prescription with brand name and presence of essential items that provide a safe and effective prescription.


RESUMO Objetivo: comparar as prescrições eletrônicas e manuais de um hospital público do Distrito Federal, identificando os fatores de risco para ocorrência de erros de medicação. Método: Estudo descritivo-exploratório, comparativo e retrospectivo. A coleta de dados ocorreu no período de julho de 2012 a janeiro de 2013, através de instrumento para revisão das informações referentes ao processo de medicação contidas em prontuários. Integraram a amostra 190 prontuários manuais e 199 eletrônicos, com 2027 prescrições cada. Resultados: na comparação com a prescrição manual, observou-se redução significativa dos fatores de risco após implantação da eletrônica, em itens como "falta da forma de diluição" (71,1% e 22,3%) e "prescrição com nome comercial" (99,5%/31,5%), respectivamente. Por outro lado, os fatores de risco "não checar" e "falta de CRM do prescritor" aumentaram. A ausência de registro de alergia e as ocorrências em relação aos medicamentos são equivalentes para os dois grupos. Conclusão: de maneira geral, a utilização do sistema de prescrição eletrônica foi associada à redução significativa dos fatores de risco para erros de medicação nos seguintes aspectos: ilegibilidade, prescrição com nome comercial e presença de itens essenciais que proporcionam prescrição eficaz e segura.


RESUMEN Objetivo: comparar las prescripciones electrónicas y manuales de un hospital público del Distrito Federal, identificando los factores de riesgo para la ocurrencia de errores de medicación. Método: estudio descriptivo exploratorio, comparativo y retrospectivo. La recolección de datos ocurrió en el período de julio de 2012 a enero de 2013, a través de instrumento para revisión de las informaciones referentes al proceso de medicación contenidas en fichas médicas. Integraron la muestra 190 fichas médicas manuales y 199 electrónicas, con 2.027 prescripciones cada una. Resultados: en la comparación con la prescripción manual, se observó reducción significativa de los factores de riesgo después de la implantación de la electrónica, en ítems como "falta de la forma de dilución" (71,1% y 22,3%) y "prescripción con nombre comercial" (99,5%/31,5%), respectivamente. Por otro lado, los factores de riesgo "no verificar" y "falta de CRM del prescriptor" aumentaron. La ausencia de registro de alergia y las ocurrencias en relación a los medicamentos son equivalentes para los dos grupos. Conclusión: de manera general, la utilización del sistema de prescripción electrónica fue asociada a reducción significativa de los factores de riesgo para errores de medicación en los siguientes aspectos: ilegibilidad, prescripción con nombre comercial y presencia de ítems esenciales que proporcionan prescripción eficaz y segura.


Subject(s)
Humans , Medication Errors/statistics & numerical data , Drug Prescriptions/standards , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors , Electronic Prescribing/standards
5.
J. health inform ; 8(supl.I): 661-670, 2016. ilus, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-906572

ABSTRACT

O OBJETIVO deste trabalho é descrever o processo de funcionamento dos alertas para dias de utilização de antimicrobianos terapêuticos e analisar o impacto da implantação destes alertas nas suspensões dos itens. MÉTODOS: O estudo foi conduzido na Sociedade Beneficente de Senhoras Hospital Sírio Libanês em Março de 2015, onde se implementou um programa de controle de antimicrobianos terapêuticos que consistiu nas seguintes intervenções: Apresentação de alertas e análise dos dados de DDD (Dose Diária Definida) nas UTIs. CONCLUSÃO: Pode se dizer que o uso de alertas para dias de utilização de antimicrobianos terapêuticos na prescrição eletrônica associado à intervenção educativa por um infectologista, preservando a autonomia do médico prescritor foram eficazes na redução do consumo de antimicrobiano sem um hospital privado de corpo clínico aberto.


OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study is to describe the operating procedure for alerts to day use of therapeutic antimicrobials and analyze the impact of the implementation of these alerts in the suspensions of the items. METHODS: The study was conducted in the Sociedade Beneficente de Senhoras Hospital Sírio Libanês in March 2015, which implemented a therapeutic antimicrobial control program that consisted of the following interventions: Presentation alertsand analysis of DDD data (Defined Daily Dose) ICUs. CONCLUSION: It can be said that the use of alerts for days of use of therapeutic antimicrobials in CPOE associated with educational intervention for infectious disease, preserving the autonomy of the prescribing physician were effective in reducing antimicrobial consumption in a private hospital to open medical staff.


OBJETIVO: El objetivo de este estudio es describir el procedimiento de funcionamiento de los alertas de día de uso de los antimicrobianos terapéuticos y analizar el impacto de la aplicación de estas alertas en las suspensiones de los mismos. MÉTODOS: El estudio se realizó en la Sociedade Beneficente de Senhoras Hospital Sírio Libanês en 2015 de marzo, lo que puso en práctica un programa de control antimicrobiano terapéutico que constaba de las siguientes intervenciones: alertas de presentación y análisis de los datos DDD (dosis diaria definida) en las UCIs. CONCLUSIÓN: Se puede decir que el uso de alertas para los días de uso de antimicrobianos terapéuticos en CPOE asociado con la intervención educativa para las enfermedades infecciosas, la preservación de la autonomía del médico que prescribe fueron efectivos para reducir el consumo de antimicrobianos en un hospital privado de cuerpo clínico abierto.


Subject(s)
Humans , Drug Resistance, Microbial , Medical Records Systems, Computerized , Decision Support Techniques , Electronic Prescribing , Anti-Infective Agents , Cross Infection/prevention & control , Retrospective Studies , Congresses as Topic
6.
Br J Med Med Res ; 2014 Oct; 4(28): 4607-4626
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-175513

ABSTRACT

Background: There has been little research on electronic prescribing (EP) in Middle Eastern countries. This is in part due to the slow implementation of electronic health records [EHR] integrated with EP. Electronic prescribing is associated with a considerable reduction in medication errors compared to handwritten prescriptions. Objective: This paper reviews the relevant literature on handwritten and EP in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, as well as focusing on global issues including problems related to handwritten prescribing, the role of EP in mitigating these problems, the functions of the EHR system with EP, ways of implementing EP, and identifying potential barriers and challenges in the Middle Eastern region. Search Strategy: Computer searches of PubMed and Google Scholar were conducted using the keywords “handwritten prescription,” “pen and pencil prescription,” “medication prescribing,” “medication errors,” “electronic prescribing,” and “electronic medical records.” Review Article British Journal of Medicine & Medical Research, 4(28): 4607-4626, 2014 4608 These keywords were combined with ‘mechanisms’, ‘standards’, ‘advantages’, ‘disadvantages’, ‘challenges’, ‘plan’, and ‘opportunities’ with the objective of comprehensively retrieving the peer-reviewed articles published in English language journals on this subject. A total of 101 studies were included in this work. Methods: Two of the authors of this work retrieved and reviewed 101 papers that met our inclusion criteria. Any disagreements were resolved by a consensus of all three authors. Results: There were more articles on handwritten prescriptions that involved illegible writing that resulted in medication errors than articles on EP due to a lack of research and slow implementation of EHR system in the Middle East. At global level, e-prescribing that was supported by well-defined standards and careful implementation was associated with a reduction in serious medication errors, morbidity, mortality, and service cost, as well as an increase in work flow efficiency, a higher quality of healthcare service delivery, and greater satisfaction of both healthcare providers and consumers. Electronic prescribing is now being practiced in many major medical centers and specialist hospitals not only in KSA but also in other countries of the region. However, there remains a need to implement EP systems in hospitals, primary care outpatient settings, and throughout the private health sector where it is missing. Conclusion: It is time for the widespread adoption of EP, EHR, and health informatics systems across Middle Eastern countries including KSA, as well as for systematic research to evaluate their effectiveness.

7.
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-163429

ABSTRACT

Background: A “near miss” or close call is a medication error that happened but did not result in injury or damage to the patient. These medication errors (MEs) are captured and corrected before affecting the patient either fortuitously or purposefully by designed system controls imbedded in electronic health record (EHR) as well as electronic prescribing systems (EPS). Objective: This study analyzed the reported electronic prescribing near misses (NMs) in King Saud Medical City (KSMC) in Riyadh city. Methods: The ME report forms were consecutively collected over a period of one year, from 1 January to 31 December, 2012. These forms were evaluated for data abstraction and a comparative analysis of NMs/NM report forms of first 6-month (n=1025, timeline 1) versus second 6-month (n=2398, timeline 2) was carried out. No systematic intervention prior to timeline 2 was used in this study. Results: The total number of MEs/NMs report forms was 3423 and total number of reported NMs was 7415, as each form could contain more than one NM. Drug prescription items, medication dispensing stages, NM makers and identifiers, underlying causes, sites of errors, prescribed drugs and suggested actions to avoid NM errors all differed significantly between the two timelines, which could be attributed to natural, real world practices in KSMC. Conclusion: This prospective study found significant differences in factors related to NMs between two six month periods in a single year. Reasons for these differences between two timeframes remain poorly understood. NMs comparative studies using systematic interventions are warranted in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

8.
Braz. j. pharm. sci ; 50(3): 567-572, Jul-Sep/2014. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-728703

ABSTRACT

Vancomycin (VAN) is the gold standard therapy for Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections such as bacteremia and endocarditis. However, VAN suboptimal dosing for serious infections caused by S. aureus isolates that have elevated minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), could be associated with poor outcome. Better understanding of VAN pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics (PK/PD) has led to the creation of new recommendations with optimized dosing regimens for the treatment of MRSA infections. For severe infectious, such as pneumonia and endocarditis, a VAN serum trough concentration of 15-20 mg/L at the steady state should be targeted. The aim of this study was to show how a nomogram with updated VAN dosing was devised and how it was implemented in the electronic prescribing (e-prescribing) system of a teaching hospital. VAN loading dose and maintenance doses were calculated from a pharmacokinetic equation using basic parameters: weight, estimated creatinine clearance, as well as peak and trough serum concentrations. The implementation of the VAN dosing nomogram in the hospital e-prescribing system definitively changed the long-standing medical prescription fallacy of "same dose fits all". Finally, this computer-based electronic program has allowed a wide-ranging intervention and should be recognized as a powerful tool for implementation in antimicrobial stewardship programs.


Vancomicina (VAN) é utilizada como primeira escolha na terapia de infecções causadas por Staphylococcus aureus resistentes à meticilina (MRSA), como bacteremia e endocardite. Entretanto, o aumento na concentração inibitória mínima (CIM) de isolados de S. aureus e doses subterapêuticas de VAN podem estar associados à falha terapêutica. Para o melhor entendimento sobre o perfil farmacocinético e farmacodinâmico (PK/PD) da VAN foram elaboradas novas recomendações para terapia de infecções causadas por MRSA. Para terapia de infecções graves, como pneumonia e endocardite, a concentração sérica do vale de VAN de 15-20 mg/L no estado de equilíbrio dinâmico deve ser o alvo. O objetivo do estudo foi desenvolver um nomograma com doses atualizadas de VAN e demonstrar como ele foi implementado no sistema de prescrição eletrônica em um Hospital Universitário. As doses de ataque e manutenção foram calculadas a partir de equações farmacocinéticas, utilizando parâmetros fundamentais: peso, depuração de creatinina, concentrações séricas do pico e do vale. A implementação de um nomograma de doses de VAN em um sistema de prescrição eletrônica modificou definitivamente o inadequado hábito de que "a mesma dose cabe em todos". Finalmente, esta abrangente ferramenta tecnológica deve ser considerada como uma robusta estratégia num programa de uso racional de antibióticos.


Subject(s)
Vancomycin/pharmacokinetics , Nomograms , Electronic Prescribing/classification , Anti-Bacterial Agents , Staphylococcus aureus/classification , Methicillin/pharmacokinetics
9.
Rev. bras. ter. intensiva ; 22(4): 346-350, out.-dez. 2010. graf, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-572685

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Diferentes condições determinam que pacientes críticos recebam volumes, aportes energéticos e protéicos de nutrição enteral menores que o prescrito. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a diferença entre a nutrição enteral prescrita e administrada a adultos internados em centro de terapia intensiva. MÉTODOS: Durante 30 dias de 2009, pacientes foram acompanhados do início do uso de nutrição enteral até a sua suspensão, ou até a alta do centro de terapia intensiva. Foram usados testes paramétricos e não paramétricos para identificar diferenças entre o prescrito e administrado. RESULTADOS: Foram incluídos 85 pacientes, com 58,6±18,0 anos, sendo 40 por cento do sexo masculino, que permaneceram internados por 29,5 dias (IQ: 15,2 - 48,7) e utilizaram nutrição enteral por 10 (IQ: 4,2 - 27,5) dias. Os pacientes receberam menos volume (-428±243 ml/dia), calorias (-665±412 Kcal/dia) e proteínas (-30±19 g de proteína/dia) do que prescrito. Quando avaliadas as diferenças diárias entre o prescrito e o administrado para cada paciente, observou-se que cerca de 40 por cento do volume não foi administrado. Os principais motivos para interrupção da dieta foram: náuseas e vômitos, distensão abdominal, constipação e complicações clínicas (52 por cento); realização de procedimentos diagnósticos (41,6 por cento); e transição para via oral (5,6 por cento). CONCLUSÃO: Pacientes internados em centro de terapia intensiva recebem menos nutrição enteral que o prescrito. A rotina de cuidados e a ocorrência de complicações do trato gastrointestinal motivam interrupções da nutrição enteral, contribuindo para que pacientes de centro de terapia intensiva recebam menor aporte calórico do que prescrito.


OBJECTIVES: Different conditions require that critically ill patients to receive lower than prescribed enteral nutrition volumes, energy and protein. This study objective was to evaluate the prescribed versus administered enteral nutrition difference in adults admitted to an intensive care unit. METHODS: In 2009, patients were followed for 30 days from the start of enteral nutrition to its discontinuation, or discharge from the intensive care unit. Parametric and nonparametric tests were used to evaluate prescribed versus administered differences. RESULTS: Eighty five patients were enrolled; mean age was 58.6±18.0 years and 40 percent were male. The patients remained in hospital for 29.5 days (IQ: 15.2 - 48.7) and were under enteral nutrition for 10 (IQ: 4.2 - 27.5) days. Lower than enteral nutrition prescribed volume (-428±243ml/day), energy (-665±412 Kcal/day) and protein (-30±19 g protein/day) was received. Individual patients' evaluation demonstrated that about 40 percent of the prescribed volume was not actually given. The main reasons for enteral nutrition interruptions were nausea and vomiting, abdominal distension, constipation and clinical complications (52 percent); diagnostic procedures (41.6 percent); and transition to oral feeding (5.6 percent). CONCLUSION: Patients admitted to intensive care unit receive less than the prescribed enteral nutrition. The routine care and gastrointestinal tract complications lead to enteral nutrition interruptions, contributing to less than prescribed calories administration.

10.
Acta bioeth ; 11(2): 145-159, 2005. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-626723

ABSTRACT

Electronic prescribing potentially reduces adverse outcomes and provides critical information for drug safety research but studies may be distorted by non-participation bias. 52,507 patients and 28 physicians were evaluated to determine characteristics associated with consent status in an electronic prescribing project. Physicians with less technology proficiency, seeing more patients, and having patients with higher fragmentation of care were less likely to obtain consent. Older patients with complex health status, higher income, and more visits to the study physician were more likely to consent. These systematic differences could result in significant non-participation bias for research conducted only with consenting patients.


La prescripción electrónica reduce, potencialmente, los resultados adversos. y proporciona información crítica para una investigación segura en drogas, pero los estudios pueden ser distorsionados por un sesgo por falta de participación. Se evaluó a 52.505 pacientes y a 28 médicos para determinar características asociadas con el estatus del consentimiento en un proyecto de prescripción electrónica. Los médicos con menor eficiencia tecnológica, con más cantidad de pacientes que, además, mostraban mayor fragmentación en su atención, presentaban menor opción de obtener consentimiento. Los pacientes de más edad, con estatus de salud complejo, mayor ingreso y con más visitas al médico a cargo, manifestaban mayor disposición a consentir. Estas diferencias sistemáticas podrían desembocar en un sesgo significativo por falta de participación en la investigación llevada a cabo sólo con pacientes con consentimiento.


A prescrição eletrônica reduz potencialmente os resultados adversos e proporciona informação crítica para uma pesquisa segura em drogas, porém os estudos podem ser destorcidos por um sesgo por falta de participação. Avaliou-se 52.505 pacientes e a 28 médicos para determinar características associadas com o estatus do consentimento num projeto de prescrição eletrônica. Os médicos com menor eficiência tecnológica, com mais quantidade de pacientes que os outros, mostravam maior fragmentação em sua atenção, apresentavam menos opção para conseguir o consentimento. Os pacientes mais idosos, com estudos de saúde maiôs complexos, maiores salários e com mais visitas ao médico, manifestavam maior disposição de consentir. Estas diferenças sistemáticas poderiam desembocar num erro significativo por falta de participação na pesquisa levada a cabo somente com pacientes que consentiram.


Subject(s)
Bias , Electronic Prescribing , Health Services Research , Informed Consent
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