ABSTRACT
Objective: Inflammation is the underlying cause of most of the chronic diseases that occur with aging. Although many drugs are available for the management of inflammatory disorders and their symptoms, most ofthese drugs possess serious adverse effects that limit their usefulness. This has encouraged the unending search for potent anti-inflammatory drugs from plant sources as alternatives to conventional drug treatment of inflammation. This studyinvestigated the anti-inflammatory activities of the ethanol leaf extract of E. indicaand the ethylacetate fraction in rodents. Materialsand Methods: The leaves were extracted with ethanol by cold maceration and the extract was fractionated with n-hexane, ethylacetate, butanol and water. The oral acute toxicity (LD50) of the extract and the phytochemical constituents of the extract and the fractions were determined. The anti-inflammatory activities of the ethanol extract (EE) and ethylacetate fraction (ETF)and their possible mechanisms of actions were investigated Results: The oral LD50of the extract was above 5000 mg/kg. Both the EE and ETF displayed dose-dependent inhibition of the rat paw edema, with ETF producing between 48-54% edema inhibition. Xylene-induced topical edema was significantly (p < 0.05) reduced by both the EE and ETF, with ETF causing between 48 and 65% inhibition. The EE and ETF preserved the integrity of gastric mucosa. Their average ulcer index (1.37±0.02) was significantly lower than that of indomethacin (5.20±0.23).Pre-treatment with the EE and ETF significantly (p < 0.05) reduced leucocyte migration, especially the neutrophils. Both heat-and hypotonicity-induced hemolysis of RBC membrane were remarkably inhibited.Conclusion: The mechanisms of the anti-inflammatory activity may involve among others inhibition of leukocyte migration and membrane stabilization
ABSTRACT
Aims: The present study is aimed at determining the antiviral activity of Eleusine indica whole plant methanol extract. Methodology and results: Whole dried plants were extracted with methanol and the solvent was evaporated using a rotary evaporator. The crude methanol extract was previously shown to have antiviral activity towards herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) with selective index (SI = CC50 / EC50) of 12.2. The extract was further studied for the possible mode of action including pretreatment, attachment, penetration or virucidal activity. The observations suggested that E. indica crude methanol extract protects cells from HSV-1 infection, inhibits virus from docking to the surface of the cells and penetrating into the cells, as well as modifying virus through the virucidal effect. Conclusion, significance and impact of study: Methanol extract of E. indica is safe with antiviral potential as a prophylactic agent, inhibits viral attachment, penetration and virucidal effect.
Subject(s)
Herpesvirus 1, HumanABSTRACT
A competição é uma interferência negativa, na qual indivíduos competem por recursos do meio. Objetivou-se avaliar a competitividade do capim-pé-de-galinha com soja. O experimento foi realizado em casa-de-vegetação, em delineamento inteiramente casualizado e quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram cinco proporções da cultura e da espécie daninha, respectivamente, 8:0, 6:2, 4:4, 2:6 e 0:8, que correspondeu a 100, 75, 50, 25 e 0% de plantas de soja, e o inverso para o capim-pé-de-galinha, com população final constante de oito plantas vaso-1 (8 L), correspondendo a aproximadamente 250 plantas m-2. A análise da competitividade foi realizada por meio de diagramas aplicados a experimentos substitutivos e índices de competitividade. A soja apresentou competitividade superior ao capim-pé-de-galinha para as variáveis de matéria seca, quando ambos estavam em proporções iguais de plantas.
The competition is a negative interference in which individuals compete for environmental resources. The objective was to evaluate the competitiveness of goosegrass with soybean. The experiment was conducted in green-house conditions, in a completely randomized design with four replications. The treatments were five proportions of crop and weed, respectively, 8:0, 6:2, 4:4, 2:6 and 0:8, which corresponded to 100, 75, 50, 25 and 0% of plants soybean and opposite to the goosegrass, which constant population of eight plants per pot (8L), corresponding to approximately 250 plants m-2. The competitiveness analysis was accomplished through diagrams applied to replacement series experiments and competivity index. Soybean showed competitiveness superior to goosegrass for the variables of dry matter, when both were in similar proportions of plants.