Investigation of 375 Patients Who Were Admitted to the Emergency Department in the Acute Ward and Were Administered Kampo Medicine to Improve Early Symptoms / 日本東洋医学雑誌

We examined 375 patients who were administered Kampo medicine for emergency hospitalization in the acute period ward for 6 years and to improve early illness and symptoms. There were many significant uses of hozai. Of the top 5 types of Kampo medicine administered, 4 were hochuekkito, ninjinyoeito, rikkunshito, and daikenchuto. In the case of emergency hospital admission, it was considered that there were many uses of hozai for poor oral intake, walking disorder, and low level of consciousness, among others. Next, there were many risuizai uses.

Risk Factors of Emergency Hospitalization in Japanese Nursing Home Residents / 日本プライマリ・ケア連合学会誌

<p><b>Introduction: </b>The purpose of this study was to investigate the risk factors for emergency hospitalization in Japanese nursing home residents.</p><p><b>Methods: </b>Our retrospective cohort study included 170 nursing home residents who had stayed in two nursing homes in Saitama for more than one year by May 1, 2013. The association between emergency hospitalization within one year and 17 factors was examined initially by univariate analysis. Putative factors with P-values <0.05 on univariate analysis were considered in the multivariate analysis.</p><p><b>Results: </b>A total of 70 (41.2%) of 170 nursing home residents were hospitalized emergently at least once within one year. In a logistic regression model, diagnosis of chronic heart failure (OR: 5.73, 95%CI: 1.37-23.84), presence of a decubitus ulcer (OR: 16.70, 95%CI: 1.89-147.41), and 5% loss of body weight over a one-year interval (OR: 2.47, 95%CI: 1.07-5.68) were associated with emergency hospitalization.</p><p><b>Conclusion: </b>Diagnosis of chronic heart failure, presence of a decubitus ulcer, and a 5% loss of body weight over a one-year interval were risk factors for emergency hospitalization in Japanese nursing home residents.</p>

Reacción adversa a medicamentos como causa de hospitalización de emergencia de adultos mayores / Adverse drug reactions in elderly patients as reason of emergency hospitalization

Introducción. Las reacciones adversas a medicamentos son frecuentes y prevenibles. Objetivos. Describir la medicación habitual, potencialmente inadecuada y reacciones adversas como causa de hospitalización. Material y Métodos. Estudio descriptivo en hospitalizados de 65 años o más, en emergencia del hospital Rebagliati. Muestreo sistemático de 238 pacientes. Entrevista a paciente o cuidador y revisión de historia clínica. Instrumentos: criterios STOPP para prescripción inadecuada y algoritmo de Karl y Lasagna para reacciones adversas. Resultados. Masculino 47,1 %, edad promedio 78,36 (± 7,83) años; 238 pacientes recibían 731 fármacos (en promedio, 3 fármacos por paciente), los más frecuentes fueron enalapril y ácido acetilsalicílico. Medicación potencialmente inadecuada en 24,6 %, mayor frecuencia glibenclamida y digoxina. De los ingresos, 7,6 % tenían como causa probable reacción adversa a medicamentos; los más frecuentes fueron glibenclamida, insulina y clopidogrel y su presentación clínica más frecuente, hipoglicemia, arritmia cardíaca y sangrado digestivo. Conclusiones. La medicación habitual más frecuente fue cardiovascular, alta frecuencia de medicación potencialmente inadecuada y reacción adversa a medicamentos como causa de ingreso.

Introduction. Adverse drug reactions are frequent and avoidable. Aims. To describe habitual medication, potentially inadequate medication and adverse drug reactions as reason of hospitalization. Material and Methods. Descriptive study in 65 or more yearold inpatients, emergency of Rebagliati hospital. Systematic sampling of 238 patients. Interview to patient or keeper and checked clinical history. Instruments: Screening Tool of Older Person’s Potentially Inappropriate and Karl and Lasagna’s algorithm. Results. Male 47,1 %, average age 78,36 (± 7,83) years. 731 medicaments were prescribed in 238 patients (3 medicaments for patient), enalapril and aspirin were most frequent. Potentially inadequate medication was in 24,6 %, being the most frequent glibenclamide and digoxin. 7,6 % of inpatient presented adverse drug reaction as reason of admission; glibenclamide, insulin and clopidogrel were frequent; and the clinical presentation was hypoglycemia, arrhythmia and digestive bleeding. Conclusions. The frequent habitual medication was cardiacvascular, frequent potentially inadequate medication and adverse drug reactions patients as reason of hospitalization.

Reacciones y eventos adversos por medicamentos en ancianos que consultan un servicio de urgencias / Adverse drug reactions and adverse drug events in elderly patients consulting a hospital emergency unit

Objetivo: Determinar eventos adversos y reacciones adversas medicamentosas en ancianos que consultan a un servicio de urgencias. Dise±o: Estudio observacional comparativo de corte transversal. Pacientes y métodos: Se estudiaron 400 pacientes (>60 a±os) que consultaron al servicio de urgencias del Hospital de Caldas (Manizales, Colombia) (marzo-mayo 2004). Se evaluaron variables demogrßficas, diagnóstico primario al ingreso, enfermedades asociadas, uso de medicamentos, el estado funcional (índice de Barthel) y el tipo y severidad de los eventos y reacciones adversas a medicamentos. Se realizo anßlisis bivariado y regresión logística. Resultados: El promedio de edad fue 72.8±8.2 a±os en su mayoría mujeres (52.3%). La frecuencia de eventos y reacciones adversas a medicamentos fue 6.8%. Los sistemas orgßnicos comprometidos mßs frecuentes fueron gastrointestinal (48.1%), endocrino y metabólico (37%). El 28.3% no tomaban medicamentos. El promedio de uso de medicamentos por paciente fue 2.9±1.7. Los grupos de medicamentos mßs utilizados fueron antiplaquetarios, hipoglicemiantes, diuréticos, analgésicos-AINEs y cardiovasculares. En el anßlisis bivariado el estado funcional y el número de medicamentos se asociaron con los eventos y reacciones adversas a medicamentos (OR=3.5 IC 95% 1.58-7.87, OR=3.5, IC 95% 1.6-7.82; respectivamente), sin embargo, en el anßlisis multivariado el número de enfermedades asociadas fue la única variable asociada (OR=3.2, IC 95% 1.95-5.42). Conclusiones: Los eventos y reacciones adversas a medicamentos son una causa frecuente, importante y no bien estudiada de ancianos que consultan los servicios de urgencia. El número de enfermedades fue el principal determinante de riesgo de ingreso al servicio de urgencias.

Objective: To determine adverse drug events (ADE) and adverse drug reactions (ADR) in elderly patients consulting a third level hospital emergency unit (EU). Design: Cross sectional study. Patients and methods: Four hundred patients aged sixty years or older consulting the EU (Caldas Hospital, Manizales, Colombia) (March-May 2004). Data on demographic characteristics, primary diagnosis, associated conditions and evaluation of medications intake were taken from the clinical records. Functional state was measured according with BarthelÆs index. Type and severity of ADE and ADR were categorized. Algorithms were used for ADR operational assessment. Results: The mean of age of patients was 72.8±8.2 years, and 52.3% were females. Frequency of ADE and ADR was 6.8%. Organic systems affected were 48.1% gastrointestinal, 37% endocrine and metabolic. 28.3% of the patients were not on medication. Mean use of medications per patient was 2.9±1.7. Type of medications involved, in order of frequency, was antiplatelet, hypoglicemic, diuretic, NSAIDs and cardiovascular. Intake of medication (Odds Ratio (OR)=3.52, (IC95% =1.58-7.87), and functional status (OR=3.54 (IC95% = 1.6-7.82) were associated factors for emergency unit admission for ADE or ADR. In the logistic regression the presence of an associated illness constituted the only independent associated factor for hospitalization (OR=3.2 IC 95% 1.95-5.42). Conclusions: ADE and ADR are frequent, important and not well studied causes for consultation of elderly patients at the EU. The number of associated illness was the main risk factor for hospitalization by ADE or ADR.