ABSTRACT
Based on the relevant guidelines published by the International Atomic Energy Agency and the Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People's Republic China, this article summarizes the process of conducting a comprehensive radiological emergency exercise by reviewing the achievements and experience of radiological emergency exercises in various provinces of China since 2014. In addition, based on the actual combat requirements of the exercises, this article details the technical requirements and standard methods of exercise planning, preparation, implementation, and evaluation, so as to provide a reference for conducting radiological emergency exercises.
ABSTRACT
Stampede accidents are one kind of mass disaster that may cause heavy casualties and usually occurs at mass gathering events .Once a stampede accident occurs , it is difficult to stop panic spreading and to rescue the injured .Therefore, prevention and disaster preparation play a central role in reducing group casualties .In order to help promote a basic understanding of this mass disaster , this paper analyzes the psychosocial characteristics of crowds which may easily give rise to stampede accidents , summarizes relevant risk factors and put forward suggestions regarding these risk factors .The real-time monitoring and control of the density and movement of crowds are crucial points in preventing stampede accidents.A detailed emergency response plan as well as supporting facilities shall be made available for mass gathering events so as to stop contingencies from becoming stampede accidents .