DERSR-B. A Brief Scale for Detection of Emotional Dysregulation Risk / DERSR-B. Una Escala Breve para la Detección del Riesgo de Desregulación Emocional

Abstract Emotional dysregulation (ED) is related to problems in understanding, perceiving, and regulating emotions. The aim is to find the psychometric properties of an instrument that measures ED and classifies the high/low ED group membership with the least possible error. For statistical purposes (factor analysis), two independent samples of males and females (n1 = 476) and (n2 = 562) were obtained, with ages sample 1 (15 -19 years; M= 15.8; SD=0.71) and sample 2 (15-19 years; M=15.6; SD= 0.69). Three factors were formed by sex, males with 14 items and females with 13 items, each loading on a single factor (total α=0.71 - 0.78 ɷ =0.67- 0.79 females; α= 0.70 - 0.79 ɷ=0.73 - 0.75 males) and good fit indices. In sum, a validated cut version instrument (DERSR-B), a risk screening instrument, was obtained.

Resumen La desregulación emocional (DE) se relaciona con problemas para comprender, percibir y regular las emociones. Determinar las propiedades psicométricas de un instrumento que mide DE y que clasifica con el menor error posible la pertenencia de grupo alto/bajo de DE se propuso como el objetivo de este estudio. Para propósitos estadísticos (análisis factoriales) se obtuvieron dos muestras independientes de hombres y mujeres (n1 = 476) y (n2 = 562) respectivamente, con edades para muestra 1 (15-19 años; M= 15.8; DE= 0.71) y muestra 2 (15-19 años; M=15.6; DE= 0.69). Se obtuvieron tres factores por sexo, hombres con 14 ítems y mujeres con 13 ítems cada uno cargando en un solo, un único factor (total α =0.71 - 0.78 ɷ =0.67- 0.79 mujeres; α=0.70 - 0.79 ɷ=0.73-0.75 hombres) y con índices de ajuste aceptables. Se obtuvo un instrumento válido en versión corta de detección rápida de riesgo de Desregulación Emocional (DERSR-B).

Emotional eating in women with generalized anxiety disorder

Abstract Introduction Individuals diagnosed with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) seek pleasurable foods to avoid their negative emotional experiences. Ineffective regulation of negative emotions may be a risk factor for emotional eating (EE), leading to suffering, dysfunctional behaviors, and weight gain. Objectives The aim of this study is to understand the relationship between emotional dysregulation and EE, investigating potential mediators such as the intensity of the worry, avoidance of internal experiences, mindfulness, and self-compassion in female patients with anxiety. Methods In this cross-sectional study, participants from a randomized clinical trial diagnosed with GAD answered the following instruments at baseline: the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS), the Three Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ-R21), the Penn State Worry Questionnaire (PSWQ), the Action and Acceptance Questionnaire (AAQ), the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ), and the Self-Compassion Scale (SCS). We estimated Pearson correlation coefficients and performed mediation analyses. Results We evaluated 51 female individuals, 34 of whom completed all the questionnaires. Our data showed that EE was positively correlated with emotional dysregulation (r = 0.593; p < 0.001), worry trait (r = 0.402; p = 0.018), and avoidance of internal experiences (r = 0.565; p < 0.001), whereas it was negatively correlated with self-compassion (r = -0.590; p < 0.001) and mindful state (r = -0.383; p = 0.026). Moreover, we demonstrated that self-compassion mediates the relationship between emotional dysregulation and EE (ab product estimate = 0.043, 95% confidence interval [95%CI] 0.003-0.084). Conclusion Our findings contribute to the literature by identifying psychological factors that could mediate the association between emotional dysregulation and EE, enabling identification of more effective eating behavior intervention targets for patients with GAD.

Desregulación emocional y nivel de riesgo por consumo de sustancias psicoactivas en universitarios colombianos / Emotional dysregulation and risk level for consumption of psychoactive substances in Colombian university students

Resumen El consumo de sustancias psicoactivas [SPA] es un problema de salud pública, y constituye uno de los principales factores de riesgo para la salud. Se ha observado que el consumo de SPA está mediado por diferentes variables, una de ellas es la desregulación emocional, y se requiere mayor investigación del comportamiento de esta variable y su relación con los niveles de riesgo asociado al consumo. El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar si existen diferencias en la desregulación emocional según el nivel de riesgo asociado al consumo de sustancias en una muestra de universitarios. Para tal efecto se adelantó un estudio descriptivo por comparación de grupos con una muestra de 721 estudiantes. Los resultados indicaron altas prevalencias de consumo de SPA; diferencias en los puntajes de desregulación emocional según el nivel de riesgo para tranquilizantes y cocaína, y que, a nivel general, aquellos universitarios con menor nivel de riesgo son quienes presentan menores puntajes de desregulación emocional, lo que sugiere que la desregulación emocional es una variable predictora de un mayor nivel de riesgo asociado al consumo de SPA.

Abstract The use of psychoactive substances is a public health problem, and it is one of the main health risk factors. It has been observed that the use of drugs is mediated by different variables, one of them is the emotional dysregulation, and more research is required on the behavior of this variable and its relationship with the levels of risk in the consumption. The aim of this study was to determine whether there are differences in emotional dysregulation according to the level of risk associated with substance use in a sample of 721 university students. For this purpose, a descriptive study was carried out by comparing groups. The results indicated high prevalence of PAS consumption, differences in emotional dysregulation scores according to the risk level for tranquilizer pills and cocaine. In general, the students with a lower risk level are those who present lower emotional dysregulation scores, suggesting that emotional dysregulation is a predictor variable of a higher level of risk associated with PAS consumption.

Tratamiento de la desregulación emocional en hospitales del área metropolitana de Buenos Aires: una encuesta a profesionales / Treatment of emotional dysregulation in hospitals of the metropolitan area of Buenos Aires: a survey to practitioners

Resumen El proceso de regulación emocional está siendo foco de gran cantidad de investigaciones en la actualidad. Se estima que se encuentra asociada al desarrollo y mantenimiento del 75 % de los trastornos mentales del Manual Diagnóstico y Estadístico de los Trastornos Mentales (DSM, por sus siglas en inglés). En esta línea se han estado estudiando en los últimos años, a nivel global, protocolos transdiagnósticos que tienen, como foco de tratamiento, dicho proceso. El objetivo de este estudio consistió en explorar la familiaridad de los profesionales de la salud mental, de hospitales públicos del área metropolitana de Buenos Aires, con el constructo de la desregulación emocional y los protocolos diseñados para el tratamiento de pacientes con dichas características. A su vez, se buscó conocer el grado de acercamiento de los profesionales clínicos a las investigaciones sobre psicoterapias. A estos fines, se diseñó un cuestionario con 40 preguntas de respuestas abiertas y opción múltiple que fue completado por 75 profesionales (psicólogos y psiquiatras) de hospitales públicos del área metropolitana de Buenos Aires. La mayoría reportó conocer el constructo de desregulación emocional, pero al pedirles que conceptualicen un caso diseñado para este estudio muy pocos utilizaron el constructo. En cuanto a los protocolos transdiagnósticos diseñados para intervenir en la desregulación emocional, son muy poco implementados. Por su parte, menos de la mitad reportó haber leído investigaciones empíricas. Los cursos elegidos para continuar la formación son en su mayoría psicoanalíticos y la participación en congresos internacionales es escasa. Se propone la necesidad de fomentar el uso de intervenciones basadas en evidencia en hospitales públicos y la divulgación de protocolos transdiagnósticos con evidencia para la desregulación emocional.

Abstract A substantial amount of evidence regarding comorbidity among mental disorders has been accumulated during the last years. Moreover, it has been identified that there is a great variability within nosological categories. These limitations of categorical systems lead to the development of the transdiagnostic paradigm which contemplates the existence of underlying processes common to different diagnoses. The process of emotional regulation is currently the focus of many investigations. It is estimated that it is associated with the development and maintenance of 75 % of DSM mental disorders. Emotional dysregulation is being studied particularly as a common factor in depression and anxiety, the two most prevalent disorders in Argentina. Related to this, transdiagnostic protocols aiming this process have been studied in the last years at a global level. The Unified Protocol has been developed by Barlow from a transdiagnostic perspective aiming to offer an evidence-based intervention that could be faithfully used in heterogeneous groups. It was created for emotional disorders with a specific focus on emotional dysregulation, contemplating comorbidity and heterogeneity. This makes the Unified Protocol a proper and valid intervention for the most prevalent disorders in Argentina. The objective of this study was to explore the familiarity of mental health practitioners, of public hospitals in the metropolitan area of ​​Buenos Aires, with the emotional dysregulation construct and protocols designed for the treatment of patients with these characteristics. Moreover, the degree in which clinicians approach psychotherapy research was evaluated. For this purpose, a cross-sectional descriptive study was carried on. A questionnaire was designed with 40 questions (25 with closed answer and 15 with short open answer) that investigated five thematic areas: demographic characteristics, therapeutic approach, knowledge about the emotional dysregulation construct and treatment protocols, knowledge about the transdiagnostic paradigm and approach to empirical research. The questionnaire was completed by 75 practitioners (psychologists and psychiatrists) from public hospitals of the metropolitan area of Buenos Aires. After analyzing the results, it can be said that the most prominent theoretical framework from which practitioners work in public hospitals is psychoanalysis. The most prevalent diagnoses are anxiety and depression and comorbidity is frequent (M = 2.23, SD = .707). When studying the familiarity to the construct of emotional dysregulation, it was observed that even though most of them reported knowing the emotional dysregulation construct (89.3 %), when asked to conceptualize a person with intense and long-lasting emotional distress and difficulty in controlling their behavior and recognizing their emotions, very few mentioned difficulties in the regulation of emotions (13.51 %). Individual format treatment was the most chosen by psychologists for patients with these characteristics (69 %). Psychiatrists reported pharmacotherapy as the most chosen treatment (87.5 %). Group format is not frequently used. In regards to transdiagnostic protocols designed to intervene in emotional dysregulation, they are very poorly implemented. Dialectical Behavioral Therapy was reported to be known by 80 % of the sample, but used by 33.9 %, while the Unified Protocol was referred to be known by 34.7 % and used by 7.69 % of them. On the other hand, the gap between clinical practice and research seems to be wide. Less than half of the practitioners reported reading empirical research (44 %). And the transdiagnostic paradigm is known by 46.7 % of practitioners. When asked to mention the most influential authors in their practice, Freud and Lacan (classical psychoanalytic authors) were mentioned by the majority. The courses chosen to continue their training are mostly psychoanalytic and participation in international congresses is low (10.45 %). These results show the need to look for ways to encourage the use of evidence-based interventions in public hospitals and specifically the dissemination of transdiagnostic protocols with evidence for emotional dysregulation, being emotional disorders the most prevalent.

Desregulación emocional y conducta disocial en una muestra de adolescentes en conflicto con la ley / Emotional Dysregulation and Dissocial Behavior in a Sample of Adolescents in Conflict with the Law / Desregulação emocional e conduta dissocial numa mostra de adolescentes em conflito com a lei

Resumen Objetivo. Establecer el grado de relación entre la desregulación emocional y la conducta antisocial y delictiva en adolescentes que se encuentran en conflicto con la ley. Método. Diseño no experimental, enfoque cuantitativo, con alcance descriptivo-correlacional de temporalidad transversal. Participaron 62 adolescentes en conflicto con la ley. Se implementaron la ficha de caracterización MINI KID y la Escala de Desregulación Emocional (DERS-E). Resultados. El 54.8% de los adolescentes reportaron problemas de conducta. Según los hallazgos, la desatención emocional es diferente entre las personas con trastorno disocial y las que no lo presentan (t =4.853, p =0.031). La desatención emocional predice la aparición de trastorno disocial (β =0.030, p= 0.05, Exp(β)= 1.362). Conclusión. Los datos dan cuenta de la importancia de la revisión teórica de la conducta antisocial y de los factores asociados a ella, para establecer mejores modelos de intervención y de comprensión del fenómeno, principalmente la influencia de la regulación emocional en la aparición de la conducta disocial en adolescentes.

Abstract Objective. To establish the degree of relationship between emotional dysregulation and antisocial and criminal behavior in adolescents who conflict with the law. Method. Non-experimental design, quantitative approach, with descriptive scope - correlation of transversal temporality. Sixty-two adolescents in conflict with the law participated. The instruments used were the Characterization Sheet, MINI KID and Emotional Deregulation Scale (DERS-E). Results. 54.8% of adolescents reported behavioral problems. Emotional neglect is different between people with antisocial personality disorder and those who do not have it (t = 4.853, p = 0.031). Emotional neglect predicts the onset of antisocial personality disorder (A = 0.030, p = 0.05; Exp(-) = 1,362). Conclusion. The data showed the importance of the theoretical review of antisocial behavior and the factors associated with it in order to establish better models of intervention and understanding of the phenomenon, mainly the influence of emotional regulation on the onset of dissocial behaviour in adolescents.

Resumo Escopo. Estabelecer o grau de relação entre a desregulação emocional e a conduta antissocial e delitiva em adolescentes que estão em conflito com a lei. Metodologia. Desenho não experimental, enfoque quantitativo, com alcance descritivo-correlacional de temporalidade transversal. Participaram 62 adolescentes em conflito com a lei. Foi implementada a ficha de caracterização MINI KID e a escada de Desregulação Emocional (DERS-E). Resultados. O 54.8% dos adolescentes reportaram problemas de conduta. Segundo os achados, a desatenção emocional é diferente entre as pessoas com transtorno dissocial e as que não a presentam (t= 4.853, p= 0.031). A desatenção emocional prediz a aparição de transtorno dissocial (β = 0.030, p= 0.05, Exp(β) = 1.362). Conclusão. Os dados dão conta da importância da revisão teórica da conduta antissocial e dos fatores associados a ela, para estabelecer melhores modelos de intervenção e de compreensão do fenómeno, principalmente a influencia da regulação emocional na aparição da conduta dissocial em adolescentes.

Desregulación emocional en población con TDAH; una aproximación teórica / Emotional dysregulation in the population with ADHD. A Theoretical Approach

Resumen El trastorno por déficit de atención e hiperactividad (TDAH) constituye un trastorno del neurodesarrollo, cuyos síntomas nucleares constituyen la inatención, la hiperactividad y la impulsividad. Esta última puede ser verbal, motora y cognitiva, también emocional. Se expresa por la desregulación emocional y afecta la capacidad de autorregularse emocionalmente e inhibir las emociones. Por lo anterior, el objetivo de este documento es realizar una aproximación teórica-descriptiva desde diferentes autores sobre la desregulación emocional presente en la población con TDAH. Es importante la revisión de este concepto, porque la regulación emocional constituye una de las funciones ejecutivas que se afecta en las personas con TDAH al originar un impacto en el funcionamiento personal y social a lo largo de la vida. A partir de la revisión, se concluyó que hay un auge en el estudio y el análisis de este tema en la comunidad científica en las últimas décadas, que validan la importancia del conocimiento y del abordaje de la desregulación emocional en esta población, pues brinda elementos clínicos que facilitan el diagnóstico diferencial y la identificación de comorbilidades que este trastorno podría presentar. Finalmente, la desregulación emocional, junto con la inatención, la hiperactividad y la impulsividad constituyen parte de los síntomas que deben considerarse en el tratamiento multimodal del TDAH.

Abstract: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder, whose nuclear symptoms constitute inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity, the latter may be verbal, motor and cognitive, but also emotional, expressed by emotional dysregulation, which affects a person's ability to emotionally self-regulate and inhibit emotions. Therefore, the objective of this document is to take a descriptive theoretical approach from different authors about the emotional dysregulation present in the population with ADHD. It is important to review this concept since emotional regulation is one of the Executive Functions that is affected in people with ADHD, causing an impact on the person and their social functioning throughout life. From this review, we concluded that there has been a boom in the study and analysis of this topic in the scientific community during the last decade. This validates the importance of knowledge about and approach to emotional dysregulation in this population, since it provides clinical elements that facilitate differential diagnoses and the identification of comorbidities that this disorder could present. Finally, emotional dysregulation, along with inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity, is part of the symptoms that should be considered in the multimodal treatment of ADHD.

Escala de Dificultades en Regulación Emocional (DERS): análisis factorial en una muestra colombiana / The Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS): factor analysis in a colombian sample / Escala de dificuldades de regulação emocional (DERS): análise fatorial numa amostra colombiana

La Escala de Dificultades en la Regulación Emocional (DERS, por sus siglas en inglés) es un instrumento diseñado para medir la Desregulación Emocional. El presente estudio buscó identificar la consistencia de los factores incluidos en el DERS, y la relevancia de los ítems en cada uno de ellos. Los participantes fueron 251 estudiantes, 68% mujeres, de una universidad en Bogotá-Colombia. En esta investigación se evaluaron los componentes del DERS: (a) no-aceptación, (b) metas, (c) impulsividad, (d) estrategias, (e) conciencia, y (f) claridad. El Análisis Factorial mostró que los ítems de la DERS se reunían en dos factores principales en lugar de seis, y la reducción de datos demostró que 15 de los 36 ítems originales contribuyeron significativamente a la varianza. Se recomienda incrementar las investigaciones en contextos de la salud, y con población clínica y no clínica en Colombia para validar el DERS, y desarrollar un puntaje total de esta escala.

The Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS) is an instrument designed to assess emotional dysregulation. The current study sought to identify consistency of DERS factors and items relevance for each one of them. Participants were 251 students, 68% female, from a university in Bogotá-Colombia. This research assessed the DERS factors: (a) non-acceptance, (b) goals, (c) impulse, (d) strategies, (e) awareness, and (f) clarity. Factor Analysis found that DERS items are gathered in two main factors rather than six, and data reduction demonstrated that only 15 of the 36 items in the original scale contributed significantly to factors variance. It is recommended extending the research to health contexts and to clinical and non-clinical population in Colombia in order to validate the DERS and develop a total score for the scale.

A Escala de Dificuldades de Regulação Emocional (DERS, por sua sigla em inglês) é um instrumento desenhado para medir a desregulação emocional. O presente estudo buscou identificar a consistência dos fatores incluídos na DERS e a relevância dos itens em cada um deles. Os participantes foram 251 estudantes, 68% mulheres, de uma universidade em Bogotá (Colômbia). Nesta pesquisa, avaliaram-se os componentes da DERS: 1) não aceitação; 2) metas; 3) impulsividade; 4) estratégias; 5) consciência e 6) clareza. A análise fatorial mostrou que os itens da DERS se reuniam em dois fatores principais em lugar de seis, e a redução de dados mostrou que 15 dos 36 itens originais contribuíram significativamente para a variação. Recomendase aumentar o número de pesquisas em contextos da saúde e com população clínica e não clínica na Colômbia para validar a DERS e desenvolver uma pontuação total dessa escala.

Emotional Dysregulation, Attributional Bias, Neurocognitive Impairment in Individuals at Ultra-High Risk for Psychosis and with Schizophrenia : Its Association with Paranoia / 대한정신분열병학회지

OBJECTIVES: Paranoia is a complex phenomenon, affected by a number of factors such as depression, trait anxiety, and attributional bias in schizophrenia. The aim of this study was to explore whether paranoia within continuum of clinical and subclinical states is associated with emotional dysregulation, attributional bias and neurocognitive impairment in whole individuals of normal controls, ultra-high risk (UHR) for psychosis and schizophrenia. METHODS: 101 normal controls, 50 participants at UHR for psychosis, and 49 schizophrenia patients were recruited. All subjects were asked to complete self-reported paranoia scale and emotional dysregulation scales including Rosenberg's self-esteem, Spielberg's state-trait anxiety inventory and Beck depression inventory. The attributional style was assessed by Ambiguous Intentions Hostility Questionnaire (AIHQ). Participants were also requested to complete the comprehensive neurocognitive battery. RESULTS: Multiple linear regression analysis showed that paranoia were found to be associated with emotional dysregulation (state anxiety, trait anxiety and depression), composite blaming bias in ambiguous situation, impairment of attention and working memory in whole participants [F (9, 190)=34.85, p<0.001, adjusted R2=0.61]. CONCLUSION: The main findings suggest that paranoia is a complex affective and cognitive structure that may be associated with emotional dysregulation, blaming bias and attention and working memory impairment in clinical and non-clinical paranoia.

Regulación emocional en niños y adolescentes: artículo de revisión: nociones evolutivas y clínica psicopatológica / Emotional regulation in children and adolescents: review: developmental concepts and clinical psychopathology

El presente artículo revisa los principales conocimientos que se han generado en los últimos años a nivel internacional y nacional respecto a la regulación emocional. Se define el concepto y las principales estrategias de regulación emocional en niños y adolescentes, los factores involucrados en la regulación emocional, así como su desarrollo a través de las distintas etapas evolutivas. Se revisan las investigaciones que han estudiado la relación entre regulación emocional, salud mental y psicopatología. Las conclusiones destacan la relevancia de estos conocimientos como marco para la evaluación y tratamiento de dificultades de regulación emocional en niños y adolescentes.

This article is a review of the knowledge about emotion regulation developed in the last years internationally and in our country. The concept and main strategies of emotion regulation in children and adolescents are defined, as well as the factors involved in emotion regulation, and it`s evolution in the different developmental stages. Research about the relation between emotion regulation, mental health and psychopathology are reviewed. Conclusions highlight the importance of this knowledge as a framework for the assessment and treatment of emotion regulation difficulties in children and adolescents.