Mediating role of family function between coping strategies and emotional behavior in children with chronic superficial gastritis / 四川精神卫生

BackgroundChronic superficial gastritis （CSG） is a common clinical disease in children. The emotional behavior of CSG children is susceptible due to them suffering from such disease at young age. ObjectiveTo explore the impact of coping strategies on emotional behavior and the effect of family function in children with CSG， and to provide references for clinical intervention in CSG children with emotional behavior problems. MethodsA total of 177 children with CSG admitted to Anhui Children's Hospital from June 2019 to January 2023 were selected as the research subjects. Investigation on family function， emotional and behavioral problems and coping strategies of children was conducted by employing the Family APGAR index （APGAR）， the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire （SDQ） and Coping Strategies Questionnaire （CSQ）. The structural equation model was used to test the mediating effect of family function between coping strategies and emotional behaviors. ResultsThe APGAR score was negatively correlated with both SDQ score and negative coping strategies score （r=-0.507， -0.551， P<0.01）， but was positively correlated with positive coping strategy score （r=0.579， P<0.01）. The positive coping strategy score was negatively correlated with SDQ score （r=-0.539， P<0.01）， while the negative coping strategy score was positively correlated with SDQ score （r=0.543， P<0.01）. The result showed that family function played a partial mediating role between positive coping strategies and emotional behavior ［indirect effect was -0.133 （95% CI： -0.256~-0.079， P<0.01）， accounting for 29.40% of the total effect］. The same mediating effect happened between negative coping strategies and emotional behavior ［indirect effect was 0.093 （95% CI： 0.198~0.045， P<0.01）， accounting for 28.50% of the total effect］. ConclusionCoping strategies of CSG children can affect emotional behavior directly and indirectly with family function playing a partial intermediary effect.

Relationship of latent classes of emotional behavior of children with mental disorders with sense of parenting competence and psychological distress of parents / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective:To explore the latent classes of emotional behavior of children with mental disorders, and their relationship with parents' sense of parenting competence and psychological distress.Methods:A survey of 327 parents of children with mental disorders was conducted from September to December 2022 using the general information questionnaire, the sense of parenting competence scale, the Kessler psychological distress scale, and the strengths and difficulties questionnaire (parent version). Mplus 8.0 and SPSS 25.0 softwares were used for statistical analysis.The latent class analysis was used to identify subgroups of children with mental disorders based on their emotional behavior.Multinomial logistic regression was used to analyze the related factors.Results:Latent class analysis showed that the emotional behaviors of children with mental disorders were divided into 3 categories: emotion-conduct problem prominent group (38.53%(126/327)), simple emotional problem group (44.65%(146/327)), and emotion-peer interaction significant group (16.82%(55/327)). The differences among the 3 latent classes were statistically significant (all P<0.05) in terms of parents' parenting competence, satisfaction, and psychological distress scores.Compared with the emotion-conduct problem prominent group, the higher the parental parenting knowledge and parenting competence, the emotional behavior of children with mental disorders tended to be in the simple emotional problem group ( B=0.699, OR=2.011, 95% CI=1.046-3.868; B=0.088, OR=1.092, 95% CI=1.017-1.173). Compared with the " emotion-conduct problem prominent group" , the emotional behavior of children with mental disorders aged 13 to 18 years old tended to be in the " emotion-peer interaction significant group" ( B=1.982, OR=7.255, 95% CI=1.637-32.141). Conclusion:The emotional behavior of children with mental disorders is heterogeneous, and there are differences in sense of parenting competence and psychological distress of parents among different latent classes of children with mental disorders.

Validation of Hindi Translation of Survey of Well-Being of Young Children Tool in Indian Children

Objective: To validate the Hindi translation of Survey of well-being of young children (SWYC), a screening questionnaire to detect developmental delay and emotional-behavior problems by primary caregivers in Indian children. Methods: This cross-sectional observational study was done at the child development clinic of our private-sector tertiary care hospital. 180 children of either sex, 60 each in age group of 9, 18 and 24 months were enrolled in the study (30 high-risk and 30 low-risk in each group). Hindi translated version of SWYC age-specific questionnaire was administered to the parents, followed by a standardized development assessment by using the Bayley Scale of Infant and Toddler Development (BSID III). Results: SWYC Milestone score and Emotional/behavior scores showed a statistically significant correlation with BSID III (P<0.001). Milestone score’s overall sensitivity in detecting developmental delay was 94.4% and specificity was 93.4%. The sensitivity was best for the 24-month (100%) and specificity was best for 18-month questionnaire (96.7%). Behavioral score’s overall sensitivity was 68.4% and specificity 92.3%. The best sensitivity was for 18-month questionnaire (72%), and specificity for 24- month questionnaire (100%). SWYC had better sensitivity for detecting developmental delay in high-risk group (95.4%), and higher specificity in low risk group (95.5%). Conclusion: SWYC has strong test characteristics for detecting milestone delay and emotional/behavior problems in Indian children.

Efectos de la estimulación eléctrica habenular en la modulación de respuestas emocionales en ratas Wistar / Efeitos da estimulação elétrica habenular na modulação de respostas emocionais em ratos Wistar / Effects of electrical stimulation of the habenula on the modulation of emotional responses in Wistar rats

Resumen A pesar del amplio uso de la estimulación cerebral profunda para controlar patologías neurológicas y neuropsiquiátricas, su mecanismo de acción aún no es claramente conocido, y existen pocos estudios sistemáticos que relacionen la variación de parámetros de estimulación eléctrica (frecuencia, intensidad, duración del pulso) y la ejecución comportamental. La habénula es una estructura reguladora de respuestas emocionales diana en tratamientos para dolor crónico y depresión, pero la relación entre su estimulación crónica y el desempeño animal en pruebas conductuales no se ha establecido con claridad. Con el objetivo de evaluar el efecto emocional de la estimulación habenular crónica, en este estudio se utilizaron ratas Wistar que recibieron estimulación habenular a intensidad baja (10-80 pA) o alta (120-260 pA) y frecuencia baja (80-150 Hz) o alta (240380 Hz): BIBF-AIBF-BIAF-AIAF, durante 15 minutos a lo largo de tres días consecutivos. Al cuarto día, se hizo la evaluación en un laberinto elevado en cruz y en campo abierto. Los resultados indican un efecto de tipo ansiolítico en el tratamiento BIAF, en comparación con BIBF y AIBF (aumento del número de entradas, porcentaje de tiempo en brazos abiertos y de la distancia recorrida en ellos), efecto que no se explica por cambios en la locomotricidad (distancia recorrida en los brazos cerrados y la exploración en el campo abierto). Se concluye que el parámetro frecuencia posee mayor impacto sobre el efecto comportamental que la intensidad -lo que puede explicar algunos hallazgos paradójicos previos-, que los parámetros utilizados no poseen efecto ansiogénico, y que los efectos potencialmente ansiogénicos de la estimulación a baja frecuencia y el papel de los sistemas dopaminérgicos y serotoninérgicos encontrados deben ser estudiados en futuras investigaciones.

Resumo Apesar do amplo uso da estimulação cerebral profunda para controlar patologias neurológicas e neuropsiquiátricas, seu mecanismo de ação ainda não é claramente conhecido e existem poucos estudos sistemáticos que relacionem a variação de parâmetros de estimulação elétrica (frequência, intensidade, duração do pulso) e a execução comportamental. A habênula é uma estrutura reguladora de respostas emocionais específicas em tratamentos para dor crònica e depressão, mas a relação entre sua estimulação crònica e o desempenho animal em testes comportamentais não foi claramente estabelecida. Com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito emocional da estimulação habenular crònica, neste estudo foram utilizados ratos Wistar que receberam estimulação habenular de intensidade baixa (10-80 pA) ou alta (120-260 pA) e frequência baixa (80-150 Hz) ou alta (240-380 Hz): BIBF-AIBF-BIAF-AIAF, durante 15 minutos ao longo de três dias consecutivos. No quarto dia, foi feita a avaliação em um labirinto em cruz elevado e em campo aberto. Os resultados indicam um efeito de tipo ansiolítico no tratamento BIAF, em comparação com BIBF e AIBF (aumento do número de entradas, porcentagem de tempo em braços abertos e da distância percorrida neles), efeito que não se explica por mudanças na locomotividade (distância percorrida nos braços fechados e a exploração no campo aberto). Conclui-se que o parâmetro "frequência" tem mais impacto sobre o efeito comportamental do que a "intensidade" - o que pode explicar algumas descobertas paradoxais prévias -, que os parâmetros utilizados não tenham efeito ansiogênico, e que os efeitos potencialmente ansiogênicos da estimulação de baixa frequência e o papel dos sistemas dopaminérgicos e serotoninérgicos encontrados devem ser estudados em pesquisas futuras.

Abstract Deep brain stimulation is a widely-used approach to the treatment of neurologic and neuropsychiatric diseases. However, its mechanisms remain unclear. There are few systematic studies relating variations on electrical stimulation parameters (frequency, intensity, pulse duration) and behavioral outcome. The habenula relates to emotional behavior and is a main target for chronic pain and depression stimulation treatment. The relation between habenular electrical stimulation and performance in behavioral tests has not been clearly defined. In order to assess the emotional effects of chronic habenular electrical stimulation, Wistar male rats were unilaterally implanted with electrodes aimed to the lateral habenula and assigned to low (10-80 pA) or high (120-260 pA) intensity and low (80-150 Hz) or high (240-380 Hz) frequency conditions: BIBF-AIBF-BIAF-AIAF. They received electrical stimulation 15 minutes/day for three consecutive days and on the fourth day were tested in the elevated plus maze and the open field. The results of these study show that BIAF stimulation has a possible anxiolytic-like effect when compared to BIBF and AIBF (increase in the percentage of open-arms time, entries into the open-arms and total-distance-run in the open-arms). This is not due to any changes in locomotion (total-distance-run and open field exploration). It is concluded that frequency is more important than intensity for behavioral modification. This could explain some previous inconsistent results. The data also suggest that these parameters of stimulation have no anxiogenic effects. The role for dopaminergic and serotonergic systems must be subsequently evaluated as well as potential anxiogenic-like effects of low frequency stimulation.

Influencia de la actividad física en la conducta social y emocional de niños entre 2-5 años / Influence of physical activity on the social and emotional behavior of children aged 2-5 years

Introduction: The study of social and emotional behavior in children is associated with their responses to a certain stimulus, inferring an analysis of the factors that cause it and the design of the intervention strategies according to the needs established. Objective: The present paper is aimed at the implementation of a group of physical and recreational activities that contribute to enhance the social and emotional behaviour of 25 children aged 2-5 years old, which show social and emotional behaviour problems. Methods: In the elaboration of the proposal were interviewed 30 workers that take part in the research at 6 de Diciembre School in Quito, plus 40 members of the community directly related to the sample studied (family and neighbors). The research studies several indicators of social and emotional behaviour (emotional state, behaviour, emotional and socialization disorders) before and after the implementation of the proposal for a 12 month period. Results: It is demonstrated through the Wilcoxon signed-rank test a significant improvement throughout the research process (0,018) with 7 negative ranks and a tie in favour of the post test. Conclusion: The strategy designed had a positive influence in the social and emotional conduct among of children aged 2-5 years, demonstrating that the physical activity can become an alternative of social intervention(AU)

Introducción: el estudio del comportamiento social y emocional en niños está asociado a las respuestas emitidas por ellos frente a un estímulo determinado, infiriendo un estudio de los factores que lo provocan, y el diseño de estrategias de intervención según la necesidad establecida. Objetivo: la presente investigación tiene por objetivo la implementación de un grupo de actividades físico-recreativas que contribuyan a mejorar la conducta social y emocional de 25 niños entre los 2 a los 5 años de edad, los cuales poseen problemas de comportamiento social y emocional. Métodos: en la elaboración de la propuesta se ha entrevistado a 30 trabajadores que intervienen en el proceso investigativo en la Escuela 6 de Diciembre en Quito, más 40 miembros comunitarios directamente relacionados con la muestra estudiada (familiares y vecinos). Se estudian varios indicadores de comportamiento social y emocional (estado emocional, comportamiento, desajustes emocionales y de socialización) antes y después de implementada la propuesta durante 12 meses. Resultados: se verifica a través de la Prueba de los Rangos con Signo de Wilcoxon una mejora significativa en el proceso de investigación (0,018) con 7 Rangos negativos y un empate a favor del postest. Conclusión: la estrategia diseñada influyo positivamente en la conducta social y emocional de niños entre los 2-5 años, demostrando que la actividad física puede contribuir como alternativa de intervención social(AU)

Efectos de la exposición prenatal a cocaína en la conducta emocional en ratones / Effects of prenatal cocaine administration on emotional behavior in mice

El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar los efectos de la Exposición Prenatal a Cocaína (EPC) (0,25 o 50 mg/kg/día) en la conducta emocional de ratones hembras y machos en la adolescencia y la adultez temprana. Se asignaron 27 ratones CD1 hembras gestantes a 3 condiciones experimentales: un grupo control que se le administró solución salina y 2 experimentales a los que se le administró cocaína 25 mg/ kg/día y 50 mg/kg/día, desde el día octavo al veintiunavo de gestación. La conducta emocional de los hijos de estas madres se evaluó en la adolescencia y en la adultez temprana (5.ª y 7.ª semana de edad, respetivamente) por medio del tablero de agujeros y el laberinto en cruz a través de diferentes índices de actividad exploratoria. Los datos se analizaron por medio de MANOVAS y ANOVAS con un valor a de 0.05. La EPC alteró de forma dosis-relacionada la conducta emocional; los sujetos sometidos a EPC 50 mg/kg/día exhibieron mayor ansiedad y temor, en cambio los tratados con EPC 25 mg/kg/día exploraron más, mostrando conductas de alto riesgo, características de la impulsividad e hiperactividad. Los efectos encontrados se mantuvieron en el tiempo, por lo que se concluye que la EPC perturbó permanente y significativamente la emoción.

In order to study the effects of prenatal cocaine exposure (0, 25 or 50 mg/kg/day), on the emotional behavior of young and adult mice of both sexes, 27 CD1 pregnant female mice were assigned to one of three experimental conditions: a control group was given saline solution, a first experimental group that was given 25 mg/kg/day of cocaine and another experimental group with 50 mg/kg/day of cocaine, all between gestational days 8-21. Emotional behavior was evaluated in the offspring (both males and females) of the females at five and seven weeks of age, via the hole board followed by the plus maze with different rates of exploratory activity. Data were analyzed with MANOVAS and ANOVAS with and a of 0.05. Prenatal Cocaine Exposure (PCE) altered dose-related emotional behavior; subjects with PCE of 50 mg/kg/day exhibited more anxiety and fear, in contrast to the 25 mg/kg/day group that explored more and showed greater high-risk behaviors, which are features of impulsivity and hyperactivity. The effects found were maintained over time, so it is concluded that PCE permanently and significantly perturbed emotion.

Creencias y conductas irracionales presentes en familiares y víctimas de secuestro y extorsión / Irrational beliefs and conducts present in relatives and victims of kidnap and extortion

El objetivo de esta investigación es analizar las implicaciones psicológicas generadas por eventos de súbita ocurrencia, como el secuestro o la extorsión, que generan, en la víctima y su círculo familiar más cercano, un desequilibrio y desorganización cognitiva, conductual, emocional, física, económica y social, que puede empeorar por las diferentes creencias y conductas irracionales aprendidas y retenidas. La muestra poblacional estuvo conformada por cinco hombres y cinco mujeres, residentes en la ciudad de Santiago de Cali (Colombia), que fueron víctimas de secuestro y extorsión. Se describen las creencias y las conductas presentes, tanto en las víctimas como en los familiares, y a partir de los postulados de la terapia racional emotiva de Albert Ellis, se analiza cómo estos comportamientos afectan aún más el proceso ambiguo y complejo que deben enfrentar. La recolección de información se logró mediante la entrevista en profundidad. Los resultados revelaron que las víctimas se sienten responsables, porque “no evitaron estos infortunados sucesos por sí mismas”; encuentran dificultades para afrontar responsabilidades y generan sentimientos de inseguridad, inferioridad y desconfianza, así como el desconocimiento de las propias capacidades. En cuanto a los familiares, sufren perturbaciones emocionales, sumadas a los sentimientos de inutilidad, agresividad, culpa o desinterés, estrés y enfermedades psicosomáticas, así como el aislamiento o la vergüenza.

This research is aimed at analyzing the psychological implications generated by the sudden occurrence of unexpected events, such as kidnap or extortion, by which victims and their closest family circle are fall into a situation of turmoil, unbalance, and cognitive, behavioral, emotional, physical, economical and social disorder likely to worsen according to different either learned or retained and often irrational beliefs and conducts. The population sample consisted of five men and five women, all of them residing in the city of Cali (Colombia), who had been victims of kidnapping and extortion. In this article, beliefs and conducts present in both the victims and their relatives are described and, based on the postulates of Albert Ellis’s rational emotive behavior therapy (REBT), an analysis is made of how these behaviors tend to affect in greater manner the ambiguous and complex process they must confront. Information collection was possible through in-depth interviews. The results revealed that victims feel in some way responsible for their fate, because, as they say. “they did not, by themselves, prevent those unfortunate events from happening”; they meet obstacles to confront their responsibilities, giving rise to feelings of insecurity, inferiority and mistrust, as well as ignorance of their own abilities and qualities. As for the family members, they suffer emotional distress and disturbances added to feelings of uselessness, aggressiveness, guilt or lack of interest, as well as stress, psychosomatic illnesses, and isolation or shame.

Celos: un ejercicio de interpretación desde la perspectiva del análisis de la conducta / Jealousy / An exercise of interpretation from the perspective of the behavior analysis

Los celos están presentes en la cotidianidad de las personas, en diferentes contextos relacionales, tales como la familia, la escuela y el trabajo. A pesar de que los celos más comunes y frecuentemente estudiados se observan en las relaciones amorosas, los cuales pueden caracterizarse como celos sexuales o celos románticos, la comprensión de este fenómeno es todavía limitada. En Brasil, la producción científica sobre los celos se basa principalmente en datos clínicos. En contraposición, la producción científica norteamericana sobre este asunto es más amplia y se basa a menudo en datos empíricos. A lo anterior se suma la escasez de estudios referentes al Análisis de la Conducta. El presente artículo se propone perfeccionar un análisis conductual preliminar de los celos propuesto por la primera autora de este artículo en 2005. Para eso, se incorporarán argumentaciones del propio Skinner y de analistas de la conducta contemporáneos, como Tourinho (estudioso brasileño) y Donahoe y Palmer (estudiosos norteamericanos).

Jealousy is something present in everyday life and in different relational contexts (such as family, school, and work). It is more common and frequently studied in the context of love affairs, being categorized as sexual jealousy or romantic jealousy. In spite of that, our understanding of this phenomenon is still limited. In Brazil, the scientific production on jealousy is limited and essentially based on clinical dada. By contrast, the American scientific production on this subject is more extensive and frequently based on empirical data. Additionally, it is also correct to say that studies on jealousy are rare in context of behavior analysis. Considering that, the purpose of the present paper is to improve a preliminary behavior analytic approach of jealousy presented elsewhere by the first author of this paper in 2005, incorporating Skinner's argumentation on the topic as well as ideas of contemporary behavior analysts such as Tourinho (a Brazilian researcher) and Donahoe and Palmer (North American researchers).