Influencia de los anuncios publicitarios en redes sociales en la respuesta emocional y la intención de compra de bebidas lácteas funcionales / Influence of advertisement on social networks, in the emotional response and the intention or purchase of functional milk drinks

Resumen En la actualidad, la salud, el bienestar y la estética son relevantes para los consumidores y se ven inmersos en la publicidad a través de las redes sociales. El presente estudio tiene como objetivo determinar la relación entre los anuncios publicitarios vistos a través de redes sociales, la respuesta emocional y la intención de compra de bebidas lácteas funcionales en jóvenes universitarios entre 18 y 35 años de la ciudad de Bogotá, Colombia. La metodología es de tipo cuantitativo, a través de un diseño cuasiexperimental de un grupo control, con medición pretest/postest, a partir de la aplicación de una escala de actitudes y de la toma de registros de electromiografía para las variaciones en la respuesta emocional, tomando como variable independiente los anuncios publicitarios vistos en las redes sociales Instagram y Facebook. Los resultados confirman la relación entre el contenido del anuncio publicitario y la intención de compra de bebidas lácteas funcionales. Se identifican dos tipos de consumidores, aquellos que basan sus decisiones de consumo en argumentos médicos y científicos, y los influenciados por las redes sociales, con premisas fundamentadas desde lo intuitivo, en el poder que ejercen los grupos de seguidores, el número de likes y la influencia de la tecnología.

Abstract Currently, health, wellness and aesthetics are relevant for consumers and are immersed in advertising through social networks. With regard to food and especially the consumption of functional milk drinks, advertising has specialized in transmitting a series of messages providing nutritional benefits of these products to improve the quality of physical and mental life in consumers, mainly acting as an adjuvant in digestive, immune, and cardiovascular systems. In correspondence with the above, the advertising of the registered trademarks of these beverages, supported by social networks such as Facebook and Instagram, is immersed in a set of dualities associated with self-gratification and pleasure for the functional food consumed; and, on the other hand, in the formation of premises and subjective beliefs, associated with feelings of guilt and displacement against the excessive consumption of calories and fats that are normally stipulated by medical societies and the same market, to encourage the consumption of these drinks. The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between the advertisements seen through social networks, the emotional response and the intention of purchase of functional milk drinks in university students between the ages of 18 and 35 in the city of Bogotá, Colombia. The methodology was quantitative, through a quasi-experimental design of a control group, with young students participating from a private university in Bogotá, with pre and post-test measurement, based on the application of an attitude scale, who asked about beliefs and attitudes oriented to the properties of functional milk drinks, knowledge and associated buying and consumption behaviors. Electromyography records were taken, with the support of the biofeedback software, to verify the variations in the emotional response, taking as an independent variable the ads seen in the social networks of Instagram and Facebook. The analysis of the results was carried out through the Functional Data Analysis for the understanding of the behavior of the electromyographic signals and the registered emotional variations, and the Confirmatory Factor Analysis, to establish the relationships between the purchase intention and the announcements in the networks social, with support of statistical software R 3.5.3. The results confirm the influence that the ads seen on social networks have on the variations in the emotional response of the consumer of functional milk drinks. These results are consistent with the technical and empirical postulates that pose the role of facial expression of emotions as an indicator of adaptation to environmental conditions and the demands of the digital medium. With reference to the content of the public announcement as a determining factor in the intention to buy functional milk drinks, two types of consumers were identified, those who base their consumption decisions based on medical and scientific premises, and consumers influenced by social networks. The arguments are based on the intuitive, the power exerted by the groups of followers, the number of likes and the influence of technology. From this point of view, the planned action of the behaviors involved in the purchase intention is influenced by social networks and the information exposed through them, configuring normative beliefs and motivational aspects with a representative nutritional hedonic value.

Asociaciones entre contratransferencia y características del paciente en psicoterapia psicoanalítica / Associações entre contratransferência e características do paciente na psicoterapia psicanalítica / Associations between countertransference and patient characteristics in psychoanalytic psychotherapy

Resumen Objetivo: explorar las reacciones de contratransferencia de los terapeutas en la fase inicial de la psicoterapia psicoanalítica (entre las sesiones 4 y 5) y verificar las posibles asociaciones entre estas y las características personales del paciente (sociodemográficas, psicológicas y psicopatológicas). Método: estudio naturalista, transversal, correlacional y observacional con enfoque descriptivo-analítico. La muestra consta de 180 pares de pacientes y terapeutas, de los cuales 180 eran pacientes adultos (32.82 ± 12.66 años) y 48 terapeutas (32.69 ± 10.01 años). Resultados: la contratransferencia se ve afectada por la edad del paciente, los aspectos psicológicos de su vida anterior (traumas y apego parental) y elementos de su personalidad (habilidades de empatía y mecanismos defensivos), pero no por los síntomas que presenta. Conclusiones: los hallazgos respaldan la literatura científica, que señala la relevancia de las experiencias infantiles y las características de personalidad del paciente para evocar patrones específicos de contratransferencia en el terapeuta. Conocer tales relaciones puede ayudar a los clínicos a identificar sus propias reacciones y usarlas terapéuticamente, según corresponda.

Resumo Objetivo: explorar as reações contratransferenciais de terapeutas na fase inicial de psicoterapia psicanalítica (entre a 4a e a 5a sessão) e verificar possíveis associações destas com as características pessoais do paciente (sociodemográficas, psicológicas e psicopatológicas). Método: estudo naturalístico, transversal, correlacional e observacional de abordagem descritivo-analítica. A amostra é composta por 180 duplas paciente-terapeuta, dos quais 180 eram pacientes adultos (32,82 ± 12,66 anos de idade) e 48 terapeutas (32,69 ± 10,01 anos de idade). Resultados: a contratransferência é afetada pela idade do paciente, aspectos psicológicos da sua vida pregressa (traumas e vinculação parental) e elementos de sua personalidade (habilidades empáticas e mecanismos defensivos), mas não pelos sintomas. Conclusões: os achados apoiam a literatura científica, a qual sinaliza a relevância das experiências infantis e de características da personalidade do paciente na evocação de padrões contratransferenciais específicos no terapeuta. Conhecer tais relações pode ajudar os clínicos a identificar suas próprias reações emocionais e utilizá-las terapeuticamente, quando for o caso.

Abstract Objective: to explore therapists' countertransference reactions in the initial phase of psychoanalytic psychotherapy (between sessions 4 and 5) and to verify possible associations between these and the patient's personal characteristics (sociodemographic, psychological, and psychopathological). Method: naturalistic, cross-sectional, correlational, and observational study with a descriptive-analytical approach. The sample consists of 180 patient-therapist dyads, of which 180 were adult patients (32.82 ± 12.66 years old) and 48 therapists (32.69 ± 10.01 years old). Results: countertransference is affected by the patient's age, psychological aspects of his or her previous life (traumas and parental attachment) and elements of personality (empathetic skills and defensive mechanisms), but not by the showed symptoms. Conclusions: the findings support the scientific literature, which points to the relevance of childhood experiences and personality characteristics of the patient to evoke specific countertransference patterns in the therapist. Understanding such relationships can help clinicians identify their own reactions and deliver the therapy, as appropriate.

Needs satisfaction ffect on exercise emotional response: a serial mediation analysis with motivational regulations and exercise intensity

Abstract Regarding psychological responses to exercise, this study aimed to analyze the mediating effects of motivational regulations and intensity in the association between basic psychological needs satisfaction and emotional responses. This was a cross-sectional study of 495 health club members (M = 40.50 years; SD = 13.54); of these, 186 were women (37.6%) and 309 men (62.4%), with an average attendance of 2.61 sessions per week (SD=1.29). Self-determination theory motivational regulations and basic psychological needs (BPN), perceived exercise intensity, and emotional response were measured. Serial mediation procedures were followed to test the interactions of variables. Models with autonomous regulations predicted positive emotional responses. As for the negative emotional response, the models with external regulation presented the highest predictions for negative activation. Results indicate that BPN satisfaction is associated with better emotional response, partially explained by autonomous regulations and perceived exercise intensity. In externally regulated individuals, perceived exercise intensity appears to be important to sustain a better emotional response.

Worth the risk? Terrorism-induced fear of flying / ¿Vale la pena el riesgo? Miedo inducido por el terrorismo a volar

We conducted two bi-national experiments regarding emotional and behavioral responses to a terrorist plot against commercial flights, examining both feelings and projected action. The studies employed hypothetical scenarios in which terrorists attacked airplanes with shoulder-fired missiles as they were landing or taking off from an international airport. The scenarios were built around two factorially crossed manipulated variables, each with three levels: (1) government announcements or actions (2) social norm, expressed as variation in airline ticket sales. Each respondent read a questionnaire containing only one of the nine scenarios. Experiment 1 was conducted in Spain and California (n = 360, 50% female), Experiment 2 in Israel and California (n = 504, 50% female). In both studies, fear and flight plans were not differentially affected by governmental response or social norm. Women expressed more fear than men. Experiment 1 examined the purpose of the trip. Most respondents would not change a planned flight to attend a close friend's wedding or important job interview, but a substantial number would postpone a vacation or drive to a different location. Experiment 2 featured escalating attacks. These yielded increased fear and more canceled trips. Within both studies, responses were similar across countries despite national differences in direct experience with terrorism.

Se realizaron dos experimentos bi-nacionales con respecto a las respuestas emocionales y conductuales a un plan terrorista contra vuelos comerciales, examinando ambas cosas: sentimientos y proyectos de acción. Los estudios emplearon escenarios hipotéticos en los que los terroristas atacaron los aviones con misiles disparados desde el hombro, ya que estaban aterrizando o despegando desde un aeropuerto internacional. Los escenarios fueron construidos alrededor de dos variables factoriales cruzadas, cada uno con tres niveles: (1) los anuncios o acciones del gobierno (2) norma social, expresada como la variación en la venta de billetes de avión. Cada encuestado leyó un cuestionario que contenía sólo uno de los nueve escenarios. El experimento 1 se realizó en España y California (n = 360, 50% mujeres), el experimento 2 en Israel y California (n = 504, 50% mujeres). En ambos estudios, el miedo y los planes de vuelo no fueron diferencialmente afectados por la respuesta gubernamental o la norma social. Las mujeres expresaron más miedo que los hombres. El experimento 1 examinó el propósito del viaje. La mayoría de los encuestados no cambiarían un vuelo planeado para asistir a la boda de un amigo cercano o para una importante entrevista de trabajo, pero un número considerable de participantes podrían posponer unas vacaciones o ir en coche a un lugar diferente. El experimento 2 contó con la escalada de los ataques. Estas aumentaron el temor y la cantidad de viajes cancelados. En ambos estudios, las respuestas fueron similares en todos los países a pesar de las diferencias nacionales y la experiencia directa con el terrorismo.

Experiencia de las pacientes frente a citología cérvico-vaginal reportada como ASCUS o LEI de bajo grado en dos instituciones de Bogotá (Colombia), 2014 / Patient experiences regarding ASCUS or low grade SIL cervicovaginal cytology results in two institutions in Bogotá (Colombia), 2014

Describir los conocimientos que tienen las pacientes acerca del uso de la citología, y las emociones y el comportamiento que genera en estas un resultado positivo en la citología vaginal con atipias escamosas de significado indeterminado (ASCUS) o lesión escamosa intraepitelial de bajo grado (LEI-BG). Materiales y métodos: investigación cualitativa fenomenológica, que busca establecer las experiencias vividas por mujeres entre 18 y 69 años que consultaron por primera vez, por el hallazgo en la citología cérvico-vaginal de ASCUS o LEI-BG, a la unidad de patología cervical de dos instituciones de nivel medio de complejidad en Bogotá (Colombia), una institución pública y otra un centro de atención ambulatorio privado. El tamaño de la muestra se determinó por saturación teórica y muestreo consecutivo. Se realizaron grupos focales y entrevistas, la información fue grabada y transcrita posteriormente, creando categorías para evaluar las experiencias: caracterización sociodemográfica, cognición, características afectivas y comportamiento. Se empleó el estilo de análisis mediante edición, presentado como material narrativo, a fin de ordenar la información recolectada para su síntesis e interpretación. Resultados: se incluyeron 27 mujeres. El resultado anormal de la citología cérvico-vaginal despierta sentimientos de culpa, angustia y preocupación pues lo relacionan con el cáncer de cuello uterino, dado que no es claro para ellas que este es un examen de tamización. La principal conducta posterior a recibir el resultado de la citología fue priorizar la cita médica. Hay alteraciones en las relaciones de pareja basadas en la percepción de infidelidad secundaria a la infección de VPH. Conclusiones: la toma de la citología cérvico-vaginal es considerada por las pacientes como importantísima y obligatoria en el marco de la necesidad de prevenir y tratar el cáncer de cuello uterino...

To describe patient k nowledge regarding the use of cytology, as well as the emotions and behaviours elicited by a positive vaginal cytology result of atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS) or low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LG-SIL). Materials and methods: Qualitative phenomenolog ical research aimed at identif y ing experiences among women between 18 and 69 years of age presenting for the first time because of a cervicovaginal cytology finding of ASCUS or LG-SIL to the cervical pathology units of two intermediate complexity centres in Bogota, one of them a public institution and the other a private outpatient centre. The sample size was determined by theoretical saturation on the basis of a consecutive sampling. Focus groups and inter views were conducted, and the information was recorded and transcribed afterwards. Categories were created for experience assessment: socio-demographic and affective characteristics, cognition, and behaviour. Editing was used for a narrative analysis style in order to organize the information gathered for synthesis and interpretation purposes. Results: Twenty-seven women were included. An abnormal cytology result gives rise to feelings of guilt and is associated with anxiety and fear of having cervical cancer, given that it is not clear to them that cervicovaginal cytology is a screening test. The main behaviour after receiving the cytology result was to give priority to the medical appointment. There are changes in the relationships with the partners due to perceived infidelity secondary to HPV infection. Conclusions: Cervicovaginal cytology is is considered by patients of the greatest importance and mandatory given the need to prevent and treat cervical cancer...

Stigma Cues Increase Self-Conscious Emotions and Decrease Likelihood of Attention to Information about Preventing Stigmatized Health Issues / Señales sobre Estigma Aumentan las Emociones Conscientes y Disminuyen la Probabilidad de Atención a la Información sobre Prevención de Cuestiones Estigmatizadas de Salud

Health communications are only effective if target audiences actually receive the messages. One potential barrier to effective health communication is the potential stigma of attending to health information, particularly for stigmatizing health issues. The purpose of the present paper was to examine when participants report self-conscious emotions (e.g., shame, embarrassment) in response to health communications, as well as likelihood of reading health information associated with these emotions. Across three studies, participants read information about preventing diseases that are either highly stigmatized or non-stigmatized. Increased accessibility of stigma cues by (a) manipulating the perceived absence vs. presence of others, or (b) measuring lower vs. higher rejection sensitivity resulted in increased self-conscious emotions in response to information about stigmatized health issues. In addition, stigma cues decreased the likelihood of reading information about stigmatized (but not non-stigmatized) health information. Implications for health outcomes and intervention design are discussed.

La comunicación en torno a la salud solo es efectiva si la audiencia meta recibe el mensaje. Una barrera potencial que tiene la comunicación efectiva sobre salud es el estigma potencial de hacer caso a la información sobre salud, particularmente en temas estigmatizados. El objetivo del presente estudio fue examinar cuándo reportan los participantes emociones conscientes (p.e. vergüenza, culpa) en respuesta a comunicación sobre salud, así como la probabilidad de leer información asociada con estas emociones. A través de tres estudios, los participantes leyeron información sobre prevención de enfermedades que son altamente estigmatizadas o que no lo son. El aumento de la accesibilidad de las señales sobre estigma mediante (a) la manipulación de la ausencia percibida vs. presencia de otros, o (b) la medición de alta o baja sensibilidad al rechazo, resultó en aumento de emociones conscientes en respuesta a la información sobre temas de salud estigmatizados. Además, las señales sobre estigma disminuyeron la probabilidad de lectura de información sobre información estigmatizada (no así para la no estigmatizada). Se discuten las implicaciones sobre consecuencias de salud y diseño de intervención.

The Influence of Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Combined with Psychological and Ethical Intervention on Mood and Life Quality of Patients with Cancer / 中国医学伦理学

Objective:To understand the influence of neoadjuvant chemotherapy combined with psychological and ethical intervention on mood and life quality of patients with cancer. Methods: The 120 patients with locally advanced breast cancer were randomly divided into control group ( neoadjuvant chemotherapy group) and interven-tion group ( neoadjuvant chemotherapy combined with psychological ethics intervention group) , Chemotherapy and after chemotherapy respectively adopt Zung Self -Rating Depression Scale ( SDS ) , Zung Self -Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) and Quality of Life Core Scale (QLQ-C30) as an investigative tool, mood and quality of life of the patients were assessed. The patients' mood and life quality were investigated. Results: Emotional state intervention group patients more significantly than control group patients improved (P<0. 01) and improve life quality. Con-clusions:Neoadjuvant chemotherapy for localized breast cancer patients with psychological ethics intervention can effectively reduce the patient's anxiety and depression, and improve the life quality of patients.

Experience of Verbal Abuse, Emotional Response, and Ways to Deal with Verbal Abuse against Nurses in Hospital / 산업간호학회지

PURPOSE: This study tries to identify experience of verbal abuse, emotional response, and ways to deal with verbal abuse against nurses in hospitals. METHODS: This study was a descriptive research and conducted from April to July 2011. One hundred and seventeen nurses with over one-year experience in general wards were selected and evaluated. The data were analyzed using descriptive analysis, independent t-tests, and one-way ANOVA. RESULTS: The nurses' experience rate of verbal abuse during the entire period of work in hospitals was 98.3%. The majority of the nurses were verbally abused by patients (70.9%), followed by patients' relatives (65.8%), physicians (61.5%), and coworkers (58.1%). Overall negative emotional response score of nurses after verbal abuse was 38.82+/-8.28. Ways to deal with verbal abuse were as follows: suppression was 74.4%, complaining of an injustice to close people, 67.5%, and ignoring, 43.6%. CONCLUSION: Nurses have significantly been exposed to verbal abuse while working in hospitals. Therefore, hospital managers and nurse managers are required to inform other staff and visitors in hospitals the real condition of verbal abuse against nurses and provide a safe work environment by developing the report and disposal system of verbal abuse.

Children's Emotional Reactions and Emotional Attribution to Success and Failure in Learning / 中国临床心理学杂志

Objective:To investigate 7-11-years-old children's emotional responses, emotional attributions, coping styles to success and failure situation in learning. Methods: With clinical interview method ,90 pupils from seven-years-old to elevelen-years-old were asked to inference to the dramatis personae's affect reaction, emotional attribution in the given situation.Results:Children's emotional response and emotional attribution in learning context is self-regarded, coping style also decline to self effort .There were no age and sex differences in emotional responses to successful situation,there were age differences to failure situation,and there were no sex difference in emotional attribution.Conclusion:Children's emotional responses and emotional attribution to success and failure in learning have different features.

A Subjectivity Study on Type of Emotional Response of Stroke Patient / 간호학회지

The purpose of this study was to identify emotional responses, of stroke patients using Q analysis. From the data analysis, five types of emotional responses in stroke patients were classified as follows. 1. Acceptance and Overcoming : They attached to life strongly and had self-confidence of recovery. They were striving against their situation through using anything else good for their recovery. 2. Anger Type : They recognized a labile feeling and were angered easily. They had a self-confident and self-esteemed personality before they had a stroke. 3. Conflict Type : They wanted interaction with others. This individual recognized that no one knows their agonies. They were thankful to god or their family, while they could not control their minds. Their family supports were low. 4. Deficiency of self-esteem Type : They had a self-confidence of recovery, but they were in fear of interaction with others. Especially, they were ashamed of themselves. They have a high sense of responsibility and nigh self-esteem for themselves before they had a stroke. 5. Despair Type. : They were sorry to trouble their family. They felt depression, anxiety, darkness, uselessness of themselves, and they wanted to die. They recognized financial burden. for their family. The characteristics of the five types of stroke patient identified in this study will be used to assess emotional nursing needs for stroke patients. The findings of this study will provide practical guidelines for developing nursing interventions for stroke patients based on the characteristics of subjectivity types.

A Subjectivity Study on Type of Emotional Response of Stroke Patient / 간호학회지

The purpose of this study was to identify emotional responses, of stroke patients using Q analysis. From the data analysis, five types of emotional responses in stroke patients were classified as follows. 1. Acceptance and Overcoming : They attached to life strongly and had self-confidence of recovery. They were striving against their situation through using anything else good for their recovery. 2. Anger Type : They recognized a labile feeling and were angered easily. They had a self-confident and self-esteemed personality before they had a stroke. 3. Conflict Type : They wanted interaction with others. This individual recognized that no one knows their agonies. They were thankful to god or their family, while they could not control their minds. Their family supports were low. 4. Deficiency of self-esteem Type : They had a self-confidence of recovery, but they were in fear of interaction with others. Especially, they were ashamed of themselves. They have a high sense of responsibility and nigh self-esteem for themselves before they had a stroke. 5. Despair Type. : They were sorry to trouble their family. They felt depression, anxiety, darkness, uselessness of themselves, and they wanted to die. They recognized financial burden. for their family. The characteristics of the five types of stroke patient identified in this study will be used to assess emotional nursing needs for stroke patients. The findings of this study will provide practical guidelines for developing nursing interventions for stroke patients based on the characteristics of subjectivity types.