Exploration of the talent training mode of biology majors driven by high-quality employments in higher education--a case study of Huzhou University / 生物工程学报

In recent years, driven by the support of national policies and societal needs for employments, talents in biology majors have been growing rapidly. To foster high-calibre biology talents for the society in the context of the "double world-class initiative" in higher education, this study analyzed the opinion of biology undergraduates in Huzhou University on employment and their professional recognition of biology majors. The aim of this study was to propose a high-quality employments-driven talent training mode for undergraduates in biology majors, so as to serve as a reference for the reform in training modes of other relevant majors.

Impact of Covid 19 on Perceived Stress and Social Support during Lockdown

Background: Perceived stress is the feelings or thoughts that an individual has about how much stress they are under at a given point in time or over a given time period. Social support represents the amount of support that a person perceives and reports receive it. Social support is a phenomenon that involves interactions of people so that when a person offers social interaction, it has an important role in his health. The present study explores the relationship between perceived stress and social support during Covid 19 lockdown and its relationship with demographic variables such as age, gender, education qualifications and employment status.. Methodology: The Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) and The Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) was completed by 120 samples - 70 males and 50 females - aged between 18 to 79 years. Descriptive, correlation, and t-test was used for data analysis. Results: The mean scores of perceived stress and social support was 17.53 and 5.39 respectively. The r value of -.406 obtained for perceived social support with perceived stress was found to be significant. This indicate a moderate levels of perceived stress and perceived social support among the respondents. The p value of 0.04 and 0.006 for perceived stress indicate a significant influence of age and gender. For educational qualifications, a p value of 0.478 and 0.7436 was obtained for perceived stress and social support. A p value for perceived was 0.001 and for perceived social support p value obtained was 0.00, for the variable of employment status. Conclusion: There was a significant negative relationship between perceived stress and perceived social support. Age and gender significantly affected the perceived stress experienced by the respondents during the lockdown period. Education made no difference to perceived stress and perceived social support. Employment status however affected both perceived stress and perceived social support

Employment status of interdisciplinary talents of English and acupuncture-moxibustion and / 中国针灸

The employment situation and advantages of interdisciplinary talents of English and acupuncture-moxibustion and

Occupational status and self-reported low back pain by gender: a nation-wide cross-sectional study among the general population in Japan

BACKGROUND@#We aimed to examine the cross-sectional association between occupational class and self-reported low back pain (LBP) in a representative sample of the Japanese general population.@*METHODS@#We used anonymized data from a nationwide survey (31,443 men and 35,870 women aged ≥ 20). Occupational class variables included working status, occupation, employment status, and company size (number of employees). Covariates included age, socio-economic status, lifestyle, and comorbidities. Poisson regression models stratified by gender were used to estimate adjusted prevalence ratio (APR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for self-reported LBP.@*RESULTS@#The prevalence of self-reported LBP was 11.7% in men and 14.2% in women. After adjustment for covariates and mutual adjustment for all occupational class variables, among both genders, agricultural/forestry/fishery workers and non-workers had a significantly higher prevalence of self-reported LBP: APR (95% CI) of agricultural/forestry/fishery was 1.36 (1.08-1.70) in men and 1.59 (1.30-1.93) in women; that of non-workers was 1.42 (1.18-1.70) in men and 1.23 (1.08-1.40) in women. Among men, non-regular employees were more likely to have self-reported LBP than regular employees: APR (95% CI) was 1.25 (1.07-1.46) in part-timers and casual staff and 1.18 (1.03-1.35) in other types of non-regular employees. Moreover, compared to men working at companies with ≥ 100 employees, men working at companies with 30-99 employees had a significantly higher prevalence of self-reported LBP (APR 1.17; 95% CI, 1.03-1.34). Among women, professionals and technicians (1.26; 1.11-1.43) and sales workers (1.22; 1.04-1.43) had a significantly higher prevalence of self-reported LBP than clerks. Neither employment status nor company size was associated with self-reported LBP in women. After stratified analyses by age group, similar patterns were observed in participants aged 20-64, but not in those aged ≥ 65.@*CONCLUSION@#Our results suggest that self-reported LBP is highly prevalent among agricultural/forestry/fishery workers and the unemployed, regardless of gender, and that there are also gender differences in the association of occupational class factors with self-reported LBP. It is necessary, therefore, to take preventive measures against LBP based on gender and occupational class factors in Japan.

Entorno y cuidado: circunstancias que influyen en la calidad de la atención médica percibida por los colombianos / Environment and care: circumstances that influence the quality of healthcare perceived by the people in Colombia / Ambiente e cuidado: circunstâncias que influenciam a qualidade da atenção médica percebida pelos colombianos

Introducción. El análisis de las situaciones de salud, en el acto del cuidado de la enfermería, requiere de conocimientos, pues es el marco conceptual y la guía de esta labor. Aunque el cuidado integral de la salud, según Watson, depende del compromiso moral del enfermero de preservar la dignidad humana; son frecuentes los informes que muestran una mala percepción de la prestación de servicios de salud. En los informes, se indica que el 36% de los encuestados tienen una mala o muy mala percepción de la calidad de la atención médica. El objetivo es reflexionar sobre las circunstancias que influyen en la calidad de la atención médica percibida por los colombianos. Temas de reflexión. Se abordará el tema desde los patrones de conocimiento de la enfermería: el empírico, el estético, el ético, el sociocultural y el personal. Discusión. Las condiciones que influyen en la percepción de la calidad de la atención médica se agrupan en dos conceptos del metaparadigma de la enfermería. El primero es el entorno, en el que existen barreras de oferta y demanda, como la tecnificación, la infraestructura y los recursos del sistema de salud. El segundo es el cuidado, en el que la condición laboral tiene incidencia, ya que los profesionales de enfermería sienten culpabilidad, agotamiento y estrés, y comprometen la buena percepción del cuidado médico y el sentido de trascendencia profesional. Conclusiones. El acto del cuidado de la enfermería está rodeado de situaciones poco favorables, dadas las barreras en el sistema de salud colombiano, que comprometen la labor del enfermero. Por lo tanto, es necesario reflexionar y desarrollar conceptos relacionados con los patrones de conocimiento de la disciplina, que inciden en la formación de los nuevos profesionales. Esto, con el fin de cumplir a cabalidad el deber ser y el hacer de la enfermería en Colombia. [Duque-Castro JA, Ortiz-Urbano J, Rengifo-Arias DM. Entorno y cuidado: circunstancias que influyen en la calidad de la atención percibida por los colombianos. MedUNAB. 2018;21(2):60-68. doi:10.29375/01237047.2799].

Introduction. The analysis of health situations, in terms of nursing care, requires knowledge, since it is the conceptual framework and guide for this work. Although comprehensive healthcare, according to Watson, depends on the nurse's moral commitment to preserve human dignity, there are frequent reports that show a poor perception of the provision of healthcare services. The reports indicate that 36% of those surveyed had a poor or very poor perception of the quality of healthcare. The objective is to reflect on the circumstances that influence the quality of healthcare perceived by the people in Colombia. Topics of reflection. The topic will be addressed through the patterns of knowledge of nursing: empirical, aesthetic, ethical, sociocultural and personal. Discussion. The conditions that influence the perception of healthcare quality are grouped into two nursing metaparadigm concepts. The first is the environment, in which there are supply and demand barriers, such as technification, infrastructure and resources of the healthcare system. The second is the care, on which the employment status has an influence, since nursing professionals feel guilt, exhaustion and stress, and compromise the good perception of healthcare and the sense of professional importance. Conclusions. The act of caring in nursing is surrounded by unfavorable situations, given the barriers in the Colombian healthcare system that compromise the work of nurses. Therefore, it is necessary to reflect and develop concepts related to the patterns of knowledge of this discipline, which have an effect on the training of new professionals. This is in order to fully comply with the duty and practice of nursing in Colombia. [Duque-Castro JA, Ortiz-Urbano J, Rengifo-Arias DM. Environment and care: circumstances that influence the quality of medical care perceived by the people in Colombia. MedUNAB. 2018;21(2):60-68. doi:10.29375/01237047.2799].

Introdução. A análise das situações de saúde, no ato do cuidado da enfermagem, requer conhecimento, pois é o referencial conceitual e o guia desta atividade. Embora os cuidados integrais de saúde, segundo Watson, dependem do compromisso moral do enfermeiro para preservar a dignidade humana; há relatos frequentes que mostram uma má percepção da prestação de serviços de saúde. Nos relatórios, indica-se que 36% dos entrevistados têm uma percepção ruim ou muito ruim da qualidade do atendimento médico. O objetivo é refletir sobre as circunstâncias que influenciam a qualidade da atenção médica percebida pelos colombianos. Temas para reflexão. O tema será abordado a partir dos padrões de conhecimento da enfermagem: o empírico, o estético, o ético, o sociocultural e o pessoal. Discussão. As condições que influenciam a percepção da qualidade da atenção médica são agrupadas em dois conceitos do metaparadigma da enfermagem. O primeiro é o ambiente, no qual existem barreiras de oferta e demanda, como a tecnificação, a infraestrutura e os recursos do sistema de saúde. O segundo é o cuidado, no qual a condição de trabalho tem impacto, uma vez que os profissionais de enfermagem sentem-se culpados, exaustos e estressados, comprometendo a boa percepção do cuidado médico e o sentido de transcendência profissional. Conclusões. O ato do cuidado de enfermagem está cercado de situações desfavoráveis, dadas as barreiras no sistema de saúde colombiano, que comprometem o trabalho do enfermeiro. Portanto, é necessário refletir e desenvolver conceitos relacionados aos padrões de conhecimento da disciplina, que afetam a formação dos novos profissionais. Isso, a fim de cumprir integralmente o dever de ser e exercer a enfermagem na Colômbia. [Duque-Castro JA, Ortiz-Urbano J, Rengifo-Arias DM. Ambiente e cuidado: circunstâncias que influenciam a qualidade da atenção médica percebida pelos colombianos. MedUNAB. 2018;21(2):60-68. doi:10.29375/01237047.2799].

Análisis de la demanda laboral de profesionales en Psicología en Costa Rica durante el periodo 2012-2014 / Analysis of labor demand for Psychology professionals in Costa Rica during the period 2012-2014

Resumen: El tema de las condiciones y la demanda laboral en el campo de la Psicología ha sido objeto de varias in vestigaciones. En Costa Rica, tanto el Consejo Nacional de Rectores como otros grupos de investigación, han indagado acerca del tema. En este artículo se presentan los resultados de un análisis documental que tuvo como objetivo explorar las características recientes de la demanda de profesionales en Psicología en Costa Rica (e.g. número de puestos vacantes por año y requisitos solicitados). Para ello, se analizaron 1558 vacantes divulgadas por la Escuela de Psicología de la Universidad de Costa Rica en el periodo 2012-2014. Se encontró una tendencia decreciente en las vacantes anuales y un predominio de los puestos correspon dientes al área de Psicología Laboral (64.6%), a la empresa privada (47.5%) y localizados en la provincia de San José (41.0%). En la mayor parte de las vacantes (63.5%), se exigió entre uno y cinco años de experien cia. Lo más solicitado fue tres años (21.1%). En casi la mitad de los puestos (45.6%), se requirió el idioma inglés. Otros requisitos importantes fueron el dominio de programas informáticos (35.2%), programas de ofimática (27.7%), ser miembro del Colegio Profesional de Psicólogos (16.0%), el uso de hojas de cálculo (10.6%) y el manejo de pruebas psicológicas (7.4%). Finalmente, presentamos algunos de los requisitos solicitados más frecuentemente, segregados según área de la Psicología en la que se ubica la vacante, y desarrollamos algunas consideraciones sobre los resultados de este estudio.

Abstract: The issue of working conditions and labor demand in the field of Psychology has been the subject of several inves tigations. In Costa Rica, the National Council of Rectors and other research groups have inquired into this issue. In this article we present the results of a documentary analysis aimed at exploring the latest features of labor demand for professionals in Psychology in Costa Rica (e.g., number of vacant posts per year and prerequisites). For this pur pose, 1558 vacant posts reported by the Psychology Department at the University of Costa Rica in the period 2012-2014 were analyzed. We found a decreasing trend in job offers, and a predominance of vacant posts in industrial and organizational areas (64.6%), in private companies (47.5%), and located in the province of San José (41.0%). Most vacant posts (63.5%) required between one and five years of experience, with three years being the most com mon prerequisite (21.1%). In about half of the vacant posts (45.6%) English language was a requisite. Some other important requirements were software (35.2%) or office software (27.7%) knowledge, membership in the Costa Rican College of Psychologists (16.0%), spreadsheet management (10.6%) and psychological testing management (7.4%). Finally, we present some of the most frequently requested requirements, segregated by area of Psychology in which the vacant post is located, and we conclude with some considerations on the results of this study.

Association between employment status and self-rated health: Korean working conditions survey

BACKGROUND: This research was conducted with an aim of determining the association between employment status and self-rated health. METHODS: Using the data from the Third Korean Working Conditions Survey conducted in 2011, We included data from 34,783 respondents, excluding employers, self-employed workers, unpaid family workers, others. Self-rated health was compared according to employment status and a logistic regression analysis was performed. RESULTS: Among the 34,783 workers, the number of permanent and non-permanent workers was 27,564 (79.2 %) and 7,219 (20.8 %). The risk that the self-rated health of non-permanent workers was poor was 1.20 times higher when both socio-demographic factors, work environment and work hazards were corrected. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, perceived health was found to be worse in the non-permanent workers than permanent workers. Additional research should investigate whether other factors mediate the relationship between employment status and perceived health.

Aborto voluntario y actividad laboral. Reflexiones para el debate / Induced abortion and labor activity. Reflections for discussion

El aborto voluntario es un fenómeno global que según distintos autores responde a patrones de comportamientos construidos socialmente y donde influyen las realidades sociales particulares de cada país. Este fenómeno requiere la información necesaria para comprender el complejo proceso que conduce a la decisión de la mujer para optar por la interrupción del embarazo y saber entender las circunstancias sociales, económicas y sanitarias que pueden explicar esta determinación. Con este propósito se presenta para el debate, algunas consideraciones sobre el aborto voluntario y la actividad laboral de las mujeres que optan por esta práctica, con especial mención la situación en España. Los argumentos están sustentados en el análisis de las estadísticas de interrupción Voluntaria del embarazo (IVE) reportadas por el Ministerio de Sanidad y Política Social, la participación de la mujer en el mercado laboral en España obtenidas del Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE), los resultados de investigación sobre la asociación entre la situación laboral de la mujer y la Interrupción Voluntaria del embarazo y la revisión exhaustiva de las literatura científica sobre las distintas perspectivas del abordaje del aborto voluntario. Merece especial importancia el análisis de la actividad laboral de la mujer, como un posible determinante en la decisión de la mujer para interrumpir su embarazo, variable que ha sido identificada en la mayoría de las investigaciones como una de las condiciones socioeconómicas en las mujeres que optan por esa alternativa, al considerar que el embarazo interfiere con el empleo de las mujeres o, bien, les impide emplearse.

The induced abortion is a global phenomenon that according to various authors respond to socially constructed patterns of behavior and where they influence social realities of each country. This phenomenon requires the information necessary to understand the complex process leading to the decision of women to opt for abortion and able to understand the social, economic and health that can explain this requirement. For this purpose is presented for discussion, some considerations on voluntary abortion and labor activity of women who opt for this practice, with special mention of the situation in Spain. The arguments are supported by statistical analysis of the voluntary interruption of pregnancy (IVE) reported by the Ministry of Health and Social Policy, participation of women in the labor market in Spain obtained from the National Statistics Institute (INE), the research results on the association between employment status of women and voluntary termination of pregnancy and comprehensive review of scientific literature on the different perspectives of the approach of voluntary abortion. Analysis deserves special importance of women's work activity as a possible factor in the decision of women to terminate their pregnancies, a variable that has been identified in most of the investigations as a socioeconomic condition for women who choose for that alternative, considering that pregnancy interferes with the employment of women or, rather, prevents them from use.

Infections and inequalities:anemia in AIDS, the disadvantages of poverty

Objective:To study anemia in AIDS patients and its relation with socioeconomic, employment status and educational levels. Methods:A total number of 442 patients who visited the Infectious Diseases University Hospital in Buenos Aires, Argentina were included in the study. Patients were dividied into two groups, i.e. one with anemia and the other without anemia. Anemia epidemiology and its relationship with educational level, housing, job situation, monthly income, total daily caloric intake and weekly intake of meat were evaluated. Results: Anemia was found in 228 patients (54%). Comparing patients with or without anemia, a statistically significant difference was found (P<0.000 1) in those whose highest educational level reached was primary school, who lived in a precarious home, who had no stable job or were unable to work, whose income was less than 30 dollars per month, whose meat consumption was less than twice a week or received less than 8 000 calories per day. Conclusions:The high prevalence of anemia found in poor patients with AIDS suggests that poverty increases the risk to suffer from this hematological complication. The relationship between economic development policies and AIDS is complex. Our results seem to point to the fact that AIDS epidemic may affect economic development and in turn be affected by it. If we consider that AIDS affects the economically active adult population, despite recent medical progress it usually brings about fatal consequences, especially within the poorest sectors of society where the disease reduces the average life expectancy, increases health care demand and tends to exacerbate poverty and iniquity.

Gender, Professional and Non-Professional Work, and the Changing Pattern of Employment-Related Inequality in Poor Self-Rated Health, 1995-2006 in South Korea / 예방의학회지

OBJECTIVES: We examined gender differential changes in employment-related health inequalities according to occupational position (professional/nonprofessional) in South Korea during the last decade. METHODS: Data were taken from four rounds of Social Statistical Surveys of South Korea (1995, 1999, 2003, and 2006) from the Korean National Statistics Office. The total study population was 55435 male and 33 913 female employees aged 25-64. Employment arrangements were divided into permanent, fixed-term, and daily employment. RESULTS: After stratification according to occupational position (professional/nonprofessional) and gender, different patterns in employment - related health inequalities were observed. In the professional group, the gaps in absolute and relative employment inequalities for poor self-rated health were more likely to widen following Korea's 1997 economic downturn. In the nonprofessional group, during the study period, graded patterns of employment-related health inequalities were continuously observed in both genders. Absolute health inequalities by employment status, however, decreased among men but increased among women. In addition, a remarkable increase in relative health inequalities was found among female temporary and daily employees (p = 0.009, < 0.001, respectively), but only among male daily employees (p = 0.001). Relative employment-related health inequalities had clearly widened for female daily workers between 2003 and 2006 (p = 0.047). The 1997 Korean economic downturn, in particular, seemingly stimulated a widening gap in employment health inequalities. CONCLUSIONS: Our study revealed that whereas absolute health inequalities in relation to employment status increased in the professional group, relative employment-related health inequalities increased in the nonprofessional group, especially among women. In view of the high concentration of female nonstandard employees, further monitoring of inequality should consider gender specific patterns according to employee's occupational and employment status.

An Investigation on the Subjective Sequelae of Head Injury

We present an investigation on the subjective sequelae of head injury. There were 88 patients who had replyed to a questionnaire from May to July 1988. All had been admitted to the Soonchunhyang University Chonan Hospital at least 8 months before the investigation(range from 8 months to 2 years). In 71 patients of mild head injury(Glasgow coma score 13~15), 55 patients(77.5%) had symptoms as a sequelae of head injury. Of 17 patients with moderate to severe head injury, 12 patients(70.6%) had subjective sequelae. The most common symptom was decreased memory. Fatigue, poor concentration, dizzness, headache, and temper were also frequently complained in that order. The symptoms were not different according to the age, sex, and Glasgow coma scale on admission. Neither cranial operation nor skull fracture increased the symptoms, too. However, subjective symptoms were more common in patients who did not satisfied to the given treatment(p<0.01), who blamed others(not himself) for the injury(p<0.025), and who did not paied by himself for the treatment(p<0.01). Employmental status was changed in 11.4% and 14.8% was lost their occupation after the head injury. It is considerable that a quarter of patients with head injury eventually lost or changed their occupation. Further investigations on the sequelae of head injury and proper consultation for better life is needed.