ABSTRACT
En México la enfermedad renal crónica en la población pediátrica es un grave problema de salud pública. Las alternativas terapéuticas en niños con enfermedad renal crónica (ERC) son la diálisis y el trasplante renal (TxR), siendo esta última, la mejor opción terapéutica actual en niños con estadios terminal de la función renal. El objetivo de este manuscrito, fue reportar nuestra experiencia en el tratamiento perioperatorio de pacientes pediátricos sometidos a trasplante renal en bloque. Paciente de sexo femenino, 12 años de edad, originaria de Veracruz, México. Portadora de ERC estadio IV de KDOQI, secundaria a glomerulopatía. Fue programada para TxR en bloque de donante cadavérico pediátrico; el que se realizó bajo anestesia general balanceada, con ventilación mecánica controlada, isquemia fría de 17 hs, isquemia caliente de 30 min y un tiempo quirúrgico de 5 hs y 10 min. El tiempo anestésico total, fue de 6 hs. La paciente fue trasladada a la Unidad de Terapia Intensiva Pediátrica, con adecuada aceptación del injerto renal. Durante los siguientes siete meses, el curso clínico ha sido satisfactorio, con estudios ecotomográficos renales normales. En esta paciente la glomerulonefritis, le ocasionó que debutara a muy corta edad con una enfermedad renal crónica con terapia sustitutiva de hemodiálisis. El trasplante renal en bloque realizado, fue exitoso debido al manejo multidisciplinario que participa en el programa de trasplante renal
In Mexico, chronic kidney disease is a major public health problem in pediatric patients. The therapeutic options for chronic kidney disease (CKD) in children are dialysis and kidney transplant (KT); the latter constitutes the current treatment of choice for children suffering from end-stage renal disease. The aim of this study was to describe our experience of perioperative treatment of pediatric patients undergoing en bloc kidney transplant. Female patient, 12 years old, from Veracruz, Mexico, suffering from stage 4 CKD according to KDOQI criteria, secondary to glomerulonephritis. An en bloc kidney transplantarion from a pediatric deceased donor was performed; balanced general anesthesia with mechanical ventilation was used. Cold ischemia time was 17 hours and warm ischemia time was 30 minutes. The surgery lasted 5 hours and 10 minutes and the total anesthesia time was 6 hours. The patient was taken to the pediatric intensive care unit and showed an adequate renal graft acceptance. During the following seven months the clinical course was satisfactory and kidney echotomography showed normal results. Glomerulonephritis made this patient undergo hemodialysis replacement therapy due to CKD at a very early age. The en bloc kidney transplantation performed was successful thanks to the multidisciplinary management involved in the Kidney Transplant Program
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Kidney Transplantation , Renal Dialysis , Glomerulonephritis/complicationsABSTRACT
Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy of en-bloc kidney transplantation from infantile organ donation after citizen's death to adult recipients. Methods Clinical data, surgical approach, use of immunosuppressive agents and follow-up of two adults undergoing kidney transplantation from infantile donor organs were retrospectively analyzed. Relevant literature review was performed. Results One male recipient was diagnosed with primary diseases of chronic renal lesions and renal failure. After kidney transplantation, the recipient obtained favorable recovery of kidney function. The grafted kidney was gradually increased in size. During the final follow-up (10 months after surgery), the serum creatinine level was measured as 84 μmol/L. The other female recipient was diagnosed with renal failure accompanied with uremia. The recipient died from heart failure complicated with severe pulmonary infection at postoperative 23 d. No vascular complications occurred in either recipient. Conclusions Kidney transplantation from infantile donor organs to adult recipients yields favorable clinical efficacy and the grafted kidney is significantly increased in size during the early stage. Precise intraoperative manipulation contributes to preventing the incidence of arterial embolism of the donor kidney and other postoperative complications.
ABSTRACT
Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy of en-bloc kidney transplantation from pediatric organ donation after death. Methods Clinical data of donors and recipients undergoing en-bloc kidney transplantation from pediatric donor kidneys were retrospectively analyzed. The 1-year survival rates of the recipient and grafted kidney were calculated. The recovery of renal function at postoperative 1 year was observed. The changes in the length of grafted kidney and incidence of postoperative adverse events were monitored. Results The 1-year survival rate of the recipients was 8/9, and 72% for the grafted kidney. During 1-year follow-up, the serum creatinine (Scr) level was down-regulated from (747± 170) μmol/L before transplantation to (83±27) μmol/L post-transplantation, the blood urea nitrogen concentration was decreased from (24.5±4.9) mmol/L to (6.8±2.0) mmol/L, and the length of transplanted kidney was increased from (61.1±9.8) mm to (100.3±1.7) mm. Two recipients suffered from delayed graft function(DGF) and restored after hemodialysis. Two cases developed acute rejection and healed after methylprednisolone shock therapy. One recipient presented with lung fungal infection at postoperative 2 weeks after transplantation, and was treated by the withdrawal of immunosuppressive agents and antibacterial treatment with poor clinical efficacy. Then the recipient died at 3rd month. One case had renal arterial thrombosis at postoperative 7 d, underwent nephrectomy at postoperative 10 d and returned to hemodialysis. At postoperative 1st month, one recipient suffered from thrombosis of unilateral renal artery. The grafted kidney in other side normally functioned and significantly grew in size at postoperative 6 months. In addition, two cases had ureterostenosis of the transplanted kidney, albuminuria in 2, abdominal aortic stenosis in 1 and urinary fistula in 1. All these symptoms were cured or alleviated after corresponding treatment. Conclusions The incidence of perioperative complications is relatively high in en-bloc kidney transplantation from pediatric organ donation after death, whereas the clinical efficacy of such kidney transplantation can be gradually increased along with the accumulation of clinical experience.
ABSTRACT
Transplantation of the horseshoe kidney can be performed en bloc or split into 2 grafts according to the vascular anomaly and the existence of the urinary collecting system in isthmus. From 2011 to 2014, there were 3 horseshoe kidney transplantations in Korea and transplantations were performed at 2 different centers. The transplantations were carried out successfully for all recipients without complications. All recipients have shown good graft kidney function after transplantation. No severe complication was revealed during follow-up period. We described the surgical technique used in the en bloc method to overcome various vascular anomalies and difficulties in choosing cannulation site and postoperative complications. En bloc transplantation of a horseshoe kidney is a useful strategy for patients with end-stage renal disease, and can provide favorable outcomes compared to the transplantation of a normal kidney.