Two-body wear behavior of human enamel versus monolithic zirconia, lithium disilicate, ceramometal and composite resin

PURPOSE: To investigate and compare the surface roughness (SR), weight and height of monolithic zirconia (MZ), ceramometal (CM), lithium disilicate glass ceramic (LD), composite resin (CR), and their antagonistic human teeth enamel. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 32 disc shaped specimens for the four test materials (n=8) and 32 premolars were prepared and randomly divided. SR, weight and height of the materials and the antagonist enamel were recorded before and after subjecting the specimens to 240,000 wear-cycles (49 N/0.8 Hz/5℃/50℃). SR, height, weight, and digital microscopic qualitative evaluation were measured. RESULTS: CM (0.23 + 0.08 µm) and LD (0.68 + 0.16 µm) exhibited the least and highest mean difference in the SR, respectively. ANOVA revealed significance (P=.001) between the materials for the SR. Paired T-Test showed significance (P < .05) for the pre- and post-SR for all the materials. For the antagonistic enamel, no significance (P=.987) was found between the groups. However, the pre- and post-SR values of all the enamel groups were significant (P < .05). Wear cycles had significant effect on enamel weight loss against all the materials (P < .05). CR and MZ showed the lowest and highest height loss of 0.14 mm and 0.46 mm, respectively. CONCLUSION: MZ and CM are more resistant to SR against the enamel than LD and CR. Enamel worn against test materials showed similar SR. Significant variations in SR values for the tested materials (MZ, LD, CM, and CR) against the enamel were found. Wear simulation significantly affected the enamel weight loss against all the materials, and enamel antagonist against MZ and CM showed more height loss.

Influência de tensoativos sobre o efeito protetor da película e interação com NaF no desenvolvimento da erosão dental / Influence of surfactant agents on acquired pellicle protector effect and sodium fluoride interaction during dental erosion development

A erosão dental é um processo multifatorial que envolve a desmineralização do esmalte/dentina pela ação química de ácidos extrínsecos ou intrínsecos. A película adquirida é um filme, livre de bactérias, que cobre os dentes e atua como barreira de difusão ou membrana permeável seletiva, prevenindo o contato direto de ácidos com a superfície dos dentes. Os dentifrícios, normalmente usados no controle do biofilme bucal, possuem agentes tensoativos, que podem influenciar na adsorção de proteínas salivares, e atuar diretamente na formação da película adquirida e na liberação de fluoretos para o meio bucal. Assim, verificou-se a ação destes agentes na formação e proteção da película adquirida, sua interação com fluoreto de sódio (NaF) no esmalte, e consequentemente sua interferência na proteção contra a erosão dental. Foram testados três tensoativos (Lauril Sulfato de Sódio - LSS, Tween 20 ­ T20 e Cocoamidopropil Betaína - CAPB), em duas concentrações (1,0% e 1,5%). A água foi utilizada como controle negativo. Amostras de esmalte bovino foram submetidas a um modelo de des/remineralização com ácido cítrico durante 5 dias, imersão em saliva humana para formação de película adquirida e em soluções com os tensoativos testados, associados ou não ao NaF (275 ppm). A solução de NaF foi utilizada como controle positivo. A análise da energia de superfície do esmalte foi determinada por goniometria e a formação de película adquirida quantificada por espectroscopia (FTIR). A erosão inicial foi determinada por microdureza no primeiro dia (mensurada após o primeiro ácido, após o tratamento e após o segundo ácido) e a perda de estrutura de esmalte foi definida por perfilometria ao final de cinco dias de ciclo. Ainda, foi quantificado o flúor solúvel em KOH adsorvido na superfície do esmalte com eletrodo específico. Os resultados de goniometria mostraram que apenas o LSS e o CAPB em ambas concentrações diminuíram o ângulo de contato entre a água e o esmalte. Quanto à quantificação da formação de película, não foi possível verificar diferença significante entre os grupos testados. Com relação à erosão, os dados de dureza mostraram que os tensoativos, independente da concentração, não interferiram no reendurecimento do esmalte, porém o LSS a 1% e 1,5% interferiu no potencial de proteção do NaF, e o T20 a 1% e 1,5% e o CAPB a 1,5% protegeram o esmalte, porém não foram superiores ao efeito do NaF. Já a análise perfilometria mostrou que o T20 a 1% resultou em menores valores de perda que a 1,5%, e ainda que o CAPB 1% e 1,5% foi capaz de proteger comparado ao controle negativo, no entanto nenhum agente associado ao NaF protegeu mais do que o controle positivo. Os dados da concentração de flúor KOH-solúvel indicaram que os tensoativos reduziram a adsorção do CaF2 ao esmalte. Conclui-se que os tensoativos testados reduziram o ângulo de contato da água com o esmalte (exceção do T20). O LSS reduziu o potencial protetor do NaF e da película na erosão inicial e nenhum agente testado interferiu na capacidade protetora do NaF contra a progressão do desgaste erosivo(AU)

Dental erosion can be defined as a multifactorial process that induces tooth dissolution by intrinsic or extrinsic acids. Acquired pellicle is a film, free from bacteria, that covers all tooth tissues, and acts as a selective membrane that prevents direct contact of the acids with enamel/dentin surface. Dentifrices, frequently used in the biofilm control, have some constituents, such as surfactant agents, which influence on the adsorption of salivary proteins, and may directly affect the formation of salivary pellicle and the fluoride release on oral environment. Thus, it was verified the influence of surfactants over the protective effect of the acquired pellicle, and on the interaction of fluoride with enamel. Three different surfactants were tested (Sodium Lauryl Sulphate - SLS, Tween 20 ­ T20 and Cocoamidopropyl Betaine - CAPB), in 2 different concentrations (1.0% and 1.5%). Water was used as negative control. Bovine enamel samples were selected and submitted to an in vitro des/remineralization model with citric acid during 5 days, immersion in human saliva for acquired pellicle formation and immersion in the surfactant solutions, associated or not with sodium fluoride (NaF ­ 275ppm). A NaF solution was used as positive control. The surface wettability was determined by contact angle between water and the enamel using a tensiometer, and the acquired enamel pellicle formation was assessed using a spectrophotometer (FTIR). Initial erosion was defined by microhardness at the first cycle day (measured after the first acid, after treatment and after the second acid), and the structure loss was determined by profilometry. The KOH-soluble fluoride was also quantified after the end of the cycle. The surface energy analysis showed that only SLS and CAPB in both concentrations decreased the contact angle between enamel and water. Regarding the proteins quantification, no differences were found between the groups. Concerning initial erosion, microhardness data showed that all surfactants, in both concentrations, did not interfered with enamel remineralization, but 1% and 1,5% SLS interfered on NaF protective effect. 1% and 1,5% T20 and 1,5%, CAPB despite presenting some protective effect against new acid challenge, did not promote the same protection as NaF. Profilometry results showed that the 1% T20 promoted lower surface loss than at 1.5%, while 1% and 1.5% CAPB protected enamel compared to negative control group. However, no agent associated with NaF showed higher protection than the positive control. KOH-soluble fluoride analysis showed that all surfactants reduced the CaF2 adsorption over enamel surface. It can be concluded that the surfactants tested reduced the enamel contact angle (except for T20). The SLS decreased the protective potential of NaF associated with the pellicle in initial erosion and no agent tested interfered with the protective effect of NaF on enamel erosive wear(AU)

Abrasion of resin infiltrated enamel by tooth brushing / 대한구강보건학회지

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to evaluate abrasion of Icon(R) infiltrated, sound bovine enamel by using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) after toothbrush abrasion tests. METHODS: Sound bovine enamel specimens whose Vickers Hardness Number ranged from 280 to 320 were prepared. To measure abrasion, specimens were allocated to groups on the basis of tooth brushing stroke frequencies. Tooth brushing stroke frequencies were categorized into 5 groups: 1,800, 5,400, 10,800, 21,600 and 43,200 strokes. Both infiltration depth of Icon(R) and the abrasion depth were measured by CLSM. RESULTS: Mean infiltration depth of Icon(R) for sound bovine enamel was 98.6 microm. There was no statistically significant difference in enamel abrasion depth between groups with 5,400 strokes and 10,800 strokes, but the abrasion depth increased with further increase in tooth brushing stroke frequencies (P<0.001). The mean abrasion depth of resin infiltrated bovine enamel after 43,200 tooth brushing strokes was 17.45 microm. CONCLUSIONS: The magnitude of abrasion after 43,200 tooth brushing strokes, which corresponds to brushing 3 times a day for 4 years, was less than 20 microm. This result suggests that abrasion by tooth brushing would not be a clinical problem for resin infiltrated enamel.

An in-vitro wear study of human enamel opposing heat-pressed ceramics / 대한치과보철학회지

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare the wear characteristics of human enamel opposing 2 heat-pressed ceramics (e.max Press and Empress Esthetic), conventional feldspathic porcelain (Ceramco 3) and type III gold alloy. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Intact cusps of extracted premolars were used for enamel specimens. Five disk samples were made for each of two heat-pressed ceramics groups, conventional feldspathic porcelain group and type III gold alloy group. Wear tests were conducted in distilled water using a pin-on-disk tribometer. The amount of enamel wear was determined by weighing the enamel specimens before and after wear tests, and the weight was converted to volumes by average density. The wear tracks were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy and surface profilometer to elucidate the wear characteristics. RESULTS: 1. Ceramco 3 led to the greatest amount of enamel wear followed by Empress Esthetic, e.max Press and type III gold alloy. However, there was no significant difference between Ceramco 3 and Empress Esthetic (P > .05), and there were also no significant differences among Empress Esthetic, e.max Press and type III gold alloy (P > .05). 2. The average surface roughness of e.max Press after wear test was smallest followed by Empress Esthetic and Ceramco 3, but there was no significant difference between Empress Esthetic and Ceramco 3 (P > .05). 3. There were no significant differences among the depth of wear tracks of all the groups (P > .05). The group that showed the largest width of wear track was Ceramco 3 followed by Empress Esthetic, e.max Press and type III gold alloy. However, there was no significant difference between e.max Press and Empress Esthetic (P > .05), and there was also no significant difference between Empress Esthetic and Ceramco 3 (P > .05). CONCLUSION: Within the limits of this study, heat-pressed ceramics were not more abrasive than conventional feldspathic porcelain.