ABSTRACT
RESUMO Os compostos de preocupação emergente (contaminants of emerging concern - CECs) atingem constantemente os corpos d'água via lançamento de esgoto sanitário, efluentes industriais e lixiviados de aterro, disposição inadequada de resíduos sólidos e escoamento superficial, ocasionando a poluição dos cursos d'água. Geralmente estes se encontram em concentrações da ordem de nanograma por litro ou micrograma por litro, dificultando sua análise ou onerando esse processo, demandando, assim, o desenvolvimento de técnicas de preparo e extração. Nesse contexto, destaca-se a Partição a Baixa Temperatura (EPBT), que se baseia na partição do analito de interesse entre fase aquosa e fase orgânica. Face ao exposto e à relevância do tema, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar, pelo uso da EPBT e cromatografia gasosa acoplada à espectrometria de massas, a ocorrência de 16 CECs no esgoto bruto e no tratado de Belo Horizonte (MG).
ABSTRACT Contaminants of Emerging Concern (CECs) constantly reach water bodies through the discharge of sanitary sewage, industrial effluents and landfill leachate, inadequate disposal of solid waste and surface runoff, causing the pollution of watercourses. In general, these are in concentrations of the order of mg / L or ng / L, making it difficult to analyze or burden this process, thus requiring the development of preparation and extraction techniques. In this context, it stands out the Low Temperature Patitioning Extraction (LTPE), which is based on the partition of the analyte of interest between aqueous phase and organic phase. Bearing this and the relevance of the subject in mind, the present work had the objective of evaluating the occurrence of 16 CECs in the crude and treated sewage of Belo Horizonte / MG, by using LTPE and gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry.
ABSTRACT
Los productos en desarrollo y los niños son particularmente vulnerables a los tóxicos ambientales. Nuestro objetivo es determinar los niveles de plaguicidas organoclorados (HCB, ß-HCH, pp'DDT, op'DDT y pp'DDE) en lípidos séricos de madres de niños con criptorquidia y comparar los niveles con un grupo control de madres de niños con testículos descendidos. El grupo de los casos fue constituido por recién nacidos con diagnóstico de criptorquidia (n=41). El grupo control (n=41) se conformó por niños con testículos descendidos. A las madres de ambos grupos se les determinaron los niveles de plaguicidas organoclorados. La criptorquidia fue diagnosticada al nacimiento por neonatólogo. Residuos de plaguicidas organoclorados fueron encontrados en lípidos séricos de ambos grupos. Los niveles de la mediana (mgkg-1 en base lipídica) fueron mayores para los metabolitos pp'DDT (0.464 vs. 0.269) y ß-HCH (0.263 vs. 0.192) en el grupo con criptorquidia comparado con el grupo control. (p<0.01). Los niveles de los metabolitos pp'DDT y ß-HCH son mayores entre las madres de los recién nacidos con criptorquidia. Es posible que sustancias con efectos antiandrogénicos puedan producir disrupción endocrina y criptorquidia durante el desarrollo fetal.
Fetuses and children are more susceptible to the effects of environmental toxins. The objective of this article is to determine the levels of organochlorine pesticides (HCB, ß-HCH, pp'DDT, op'DDT and pp'DDE) in the serum lipids of mothers of newborns with cryptorchidism and compare the levels to a control group of mothers of newborns with descended testicles. The cases were composed of newborns with cryptorchidism (n=41), and the controls (n=41) newborns with descended testicles. Blood samples from both groups of mothers were used to determine the organochlorine pesticide levels. Cryptorchidism was diagnosed at birth by a neonatologist. The results showed that the organochlorine pesticide residues were found in the serum lipids of both groups of mothers. The median serum lipid levels (mgkg-1 lipid-based) were statistically higher for the metabolites pp'DDT (0.464 vs. 0.269) and ß-HCH (0.263 vs. 0.192) in the cryptorchidism group compared to the control group (p<0.01). It could be concluded that the levels of the metabolites pp'DDT and ß-HCH are higher among mothers of newborns with cryptorchidism. It is possible that substances with anti-androgenic effects could produce endocrine disruption, such as cryptorchidism, during fetal development.
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Male , Cryptorchidism/chemically induced , Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated/toxicity , Maternal Exposure/adverse effects , Pesticides/toxicity , Cryptorchidism/epidemiology , Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated/bloodABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>The aim of this study was to explore the association between exposure to specific pesticides (including endocrine disrupters) of greenhouse workers and spontaneous abortion in their spouses.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A group of exposed workers was compared with a non-exposed group. The risk of spontaneous abortion was evaluated using a logistic regression model.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A significantly higher rate of spontaneous abortion was observed among spouses of workers exposed to specific compounds (atrazine, benomyl-carbendazim, carbaryl and DDT) in comparison with spouses of the unexposed group. The logistic regression model confirmed the increased risk of spontaneous abortion (OR=11.8; 95% CI 2.3-59.6).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>These findings suggest that occupational exposure to pesticides might have an adverse effect on the partner's reproductive health.</p>
ABSTRACT
Objective To determine the effects of dibutyl phthalate(DBP) on female mice reproductive system. Methods The healthy Kunming adult female mice with body weight from 22 g to 30 g were randomly divided into 4 groups,one as reagent control group. The other three as treated groups, 12 female mice per group. In the exposure groups,the mice were administrated by peritoneal injection with DBP at the dose of 400?40?4mg/kg body weight,respectively. The mice in control group were administrated with the same amount of vehicle(dimethyl sulfoxide). All the mice were administrated once a day,continuously for 14 days. The estrous cycles were observed during the period of the experimental study. On the fifteenth and twenty-eightieth days,the mice were sacrificed. The organ coefficients of uterus and ovary were determined,and the histopathological changes of the left ovary were observed. Results The estrous cycles in 400 mg/kg body weight dose group and 40 mg/kg body weight dose group were markedly delayed with a significant dose-effect relationship. The organ coefficients of the uterus in the groups exposed to DBP were significantly higher than that of the control group. On the fifteenth days,the number of mature follicles in 400 mg/kg body weight dose group was less than that of the control group,but the number of atretic follicles in 400 mg/kg body weight dose group and 40 mg/kg body weight dose group were more than that of the control group. On the twenty-eightieth days,the number of atretic follicles in 400 mg/kg body weight dose group was more than that of the control group. Conclusion Dibutyl phthalate had adverse effects on the reproduction-endocrine system of adult female mice. DBP might demonstrate an estrogenic activity in vivo.