ABSTRACT
La disfagia alta es un síntoma frecuente de consulta al otorrinolaringólogo o gastroenteròlogo. Los diagnósticos diferenciales son trastornos de la deglución por daño neurològico, anillos esofágicos superiores, globus faríngeo, neoplasia, disfagia lusoria y trastornos motores inespecífico y otras más raras aún. Hay escasa literatura actualizada en pacientes adultos. El diagnóstico se basa en el estudio radiológico baritado, endoscopia y complementariamente con manometría. Las opciones de tratamiento son motivo de discusión, dada la poca evidencia disponible. En este artículo se presentan los resultados observados en una cohorte de 10 pacientes con diagnóstico confirmado de acalasia del cricofaríngeo sometidos a dilatación endoscópica (7 pacientes) o miotomía quirúrgica por cervicotomía (3 pacientes). Se evaluó evolución de la disfagia, complicaciones post procedimiento y resultados a largo plazo. No hubo complicaciones mayores, la disfagia mejoro en ambos grupos, en el grupo de dilatación se complementó el tratamiento con dilataciones periódicas en 2 pacientes. No hubo diferencias significativas en los 2 grupos estudiados. Conclusión: ambas opciones terapéuticas presentan buenos resultados en el tratamiento de estos pacientes.
Dysphagia at cervical level is a frequent symptom causing visit to otolaryngologist or gastroenterologist. The differential diagnoses are swallowing disorders due to neurological damage, upper esophageal rings, pharyngeal globus, neoplasia, non-specific motor disorders and other even rarer ones. There is little updated literature in adult patients. The diagnosis is based on the barium radiological study, endoscopy and complementary manometry. Treatment options are a matter of discussion, given the little evidence available. This paper presents the results observed in a cohort of 10 patients with a confirmed diagnosis of cricopharyngeal achalasia who underwent endoscopic dilation (7 patients) or surgical myotomy by cervicotomy (3 patients). The evolution of dysphagia, post-procedure complications and long-term results were evaluated. There were no major complications, dysphagia improved in both groups, in the dilation group the treatment was supplemented with periodic dilations in 2 patients. There were no significant differences in the 2 groups studied. Conclusion: both therapeutic options present good results in the treatment of these patients.
ABSTRACT
【Objective】 To explore the safety and efficacy of a novel endoscopic two-wire guided dilation in the creation of channels in percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL). 【Methods】 Clinical records of 180 patients undergoing PCNL during Oct.2020 and Oct.2022 were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into three groups, 60 in AMD group (fascial amplatz dilation), 60 in OSD group (one shot dilation) and 60 in END group (endoscopic dilation). Time to establish channels, operating time, failure of access, stone clearance rate, drop in hemoglobin, embolization rate, fever rate, blood transfusion rate and postoperative hospitalization were compared among the three groups. 【Results】 There were no significant differences in the general data among the three groups (P>0.05). Compared with AMD and OSD groups, END group needed significantly reduced time to establish the first channel [(5.6±0.8) min vs. (4.9±1.4) min vs. (4.2±0.5) min, (P<0.05)] . Compared with OSD group, END and AMD groups had significantly more hemoglobin drop [(14.0±17.6) g/L vs. (19.4±12.6) g/L vs. (10.2±6.8) g/L, (P<0.05)] . There were no significant differences in terms of failure of establishing channels, operating time, stone clearance rate, embolization rate, fever rate, blood transfusion rate and postoperative hospitality. Four patients needed selective renal artery embolization (1 case in AMD group and 3 in OSD group). No serious complications such as organ injuries, septic shock or death occurred. 【Conclusion】 Endoscopic two-wire guided dilation is simple, with few complications and good application value.
ABSTRACT
Abstract A report of two cases of esophageal intramural pseudodiverticulosis, a very unusual disease, with other 240 cases reported in the entire world literature since 1960. Its etiology and pathogenesis are still not fully understood. However, it is believed that hypertrophy of the submucosal glands, with chronic inflammation, fibrosis, and consequent esophageal stenosis, causes dysphagia, which is the primary manifestation of esophageal intramural pseudodiverticulosis. The main diagnostic methods include the radiological examination of the esophagus with barium contrast (esophagogram) and esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD). Both reported cases were treated with endoscopic dilation, exemplifying the safety and efficacy of this therapeutic option for treating dysphagia in these individuals.
Resumen Reporte de dos casos de pseudodiverticulosis esofágica intramural, una enfermedad muy inusual, con otros 240 casos reportados en toda la literatura mundial desde 1960. Su etiología y patogenia aún no se conocen completamente; sin embargo, se cree que existe una hipertrofia de las glándulas submucosas, con inflamación crónica, fibrosis y consecuente estenosis esofágica, lo que provoca disfagia, que es la principal manifestación de la pseudodiverticulosis esofágica intramural. El examen radiológico del esófago con contraste de bario (esofagograma) y la endoscopia digestiva alta (EDA) son los principales métodos de diagnóstico. Ambos casos reportados se trataron con dilatación endoscópica, lo que ejemplifica la seguridad y eficacia de dicha opción terapéutica para el tratamiento de la disfagia en estos individuos.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Aged , Deglutition Disorders , Diverticulosis, Esophageal , Dilatation , Endoscopy , Esophagus , Disease , HypertrophyABSTRACT
BACKGROUND/AIMS: Esophageal stricture is usually managed with outpatient endoscopic dilation. However, patients with food impaction or failure to thrive undergo inpatient dilation. Esophageal perforation is the most feared complication, and its risk in inpatient setting is unknown. METHODS: We used National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database for 2007–2013. International Classification of Diseases, 9th revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) codes were used to identify patients with esophageal strictures. Logistic regression was used to assess association between hospital/patient characteristics and utilization of esophageal dilation. RESULTS: There were 591,187 hospitalizations involving esophageal stricture; 4.2% were malignant. Endoscopic dilation was performed in 28.7% cases. Dilation was more frequently utilized (odds ratio [OR], 1.36; p<0.001), had higher in-hospital mortality (3.1% vs. 1.4%, p<0.001), and resulted in longer hospital stays (5 days vs. 4 days, p=0.01), among cases of malignant strictures. Esophageal perforation was more common in the malignant group (0.9% vs. 0.5%, p=0.007). Patients with malignant compared to benign strictures undergoing dilation were more likely to require percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy or jejunostomy (PEG/J) tube (14.1% vs. 4.5%, p<0.001). Palliative care services were utilized more frequently in malignant stricture cases not treated with dilation compared to those that were dilated. CONCLUSIONS: Inpatient endoscopic dilation was utilized in 29% cases of esophageal stricture. Esophageal perforation, although infrequent, is more common in malignant strictures.
Subject(s)
Humans , Constriction, Pathologic , Esophageal Perforation , Esophageal Stenosis , Failure to Thrive , Gastrostomy , Hospital Mortality , Hospitalization , Inpatients , International Classification of Diseases , Jejunostomy , Length of Stay , Logistic Models , Outpatients , Palliative CareABSTRACT
Introdução: o Bypass Gástrico em Y de Roux (BGYR) é o procedimento mais realizado para o tratamento da obesidade no Brasil e no mundo. A anastomose gastrojejunal é confeccionada com diâmetro pequeno, sendo que, após procedimentos laparoscópicos, a taxa de estenose pode chegar a 27%. Relato do caso: relatamos um caso de estenose de anastomose gastrojejunal de BGYR laparoscópico que, após realização de dilatação endoscópica com balão, evoluiu com ruptura do estômago excluso durante o exame e necessidade de intervenção cirúrgica. Conclusão: a dilatação endoscópica é um procedimento seguro e eficaz para tratamento da estenose de anastomose gastrojejunal. A principal complicação é a perfuração da anastomose, entretanto não há relatos descritos de ruptura do estômago excluso durante o procedimento.
Background: gastric Bypass is the most performed procedure for treatment of obesity in Brazil and worldwide. Gastrojejunal anastomosis is made with small diameter, and after laparoscopic procedures the stricture rate can reach 27%. Case report: we report a case of gastrojejunal anastomotic stricture of laparoscopic Gastric Bypass that after performing endoscopic balloon dilation evoluted with rupture of bypassed stomach during the exam and need of surgical intervention. Conclusion: endoscopic dilation is safe and an effective procedure for treatment of gastrojejunal anastomotic stricture. The main complication is perforation of the anastomosis, however there is not described reports of rupture of bypassed stomach during the procedure.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Young Adult , Anastomosis, Roux-en-Y , Gastric Bypass , Gastric Bypass/adverse effects , Endoscopy, Digestive System , Laparoscopy , Constriction, Pathologic , Bariatric SurgeryABSTRACT
Objective To evaluate the safety and efficacy of an endoscopic dilation in association with the intramuscular injection of either mitomycin C for benign esophageal strictures. Methods A total of 89 patients with benign esophageal strictures were retrospectively divided into 3 groups, including 30 cases of dilation combined with mitomycin C injection (mitomycin C group) , 29 of dilation combined with dexamethasone injection (dexamethasone group) and 30 of dilation with saline injection (dilation group). The successful rate, complications and the clinical effect in the 3 groups were compared. Results The 89 patients all successfully received the procedure, with the endoscopic and clinical release. No massive hemorrhage occurred. In mitomycin C group, 1 case with major complication (perforation) and 7 minor complication occurred;9 and 7 cases with minor complication occurred in dexamethasone group and dilation group, respectively. There were no significant difference of the complications in the 3 groups (P<0. 05). The mean dysphagia-free period was 5. 25±1. 18 months in the mitomycin C group, 4. 46±1. 53 months in the dexamethasone group, and 3. 03±1. 62 months in the dilation group (P<0. 05). Conclusion Endo-scopic dilation with or without the intramuscular injection of either mitomycin C or dexamethasone are safe and effective. Dilation combined with drug injection may prolong the esophageal dysphagia-free period. Furthermore, mitomycin C injection may have the dominant effect.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND/AIMS: The aim of this study was to evaluate the outcome of endoscopic dilation for benign anastomotic stricture after radical gastrectomy in gastric cancer patients. METHODS: Gastric cancer patients who underwent endoscopic balloon dilation for benign anastomosis stricture after radical gastrectomy during a 6-year period were reviewed retrospectively. RESULTS: Twenty-one patients developed benign strictures at the site of anastomosis. The majority of strictures occurred within 1 year after surgery (95.2%). The median duration to stenosis after surgery was 1.70 months (range, 0.17 to 23.97 months). The success rate of the first endoscopic dilation was 61.9%. Between the restenosis group (n=8) and the no restenosis group (n=13), there were no significant differences in the body mass index (22.82 kg/m2 vs 22.46 kg/m2), interval to symptom onset (73.9 days vs 109.3 days), interval to treatment (84.6 days vs 115.6 days), maximal balloon diameter (14.12 mm vs 15.62 mm), number of balloon dilation sessions (1.75 vs 1.31), location of gastric cancer or type of surgery. One patient required surgery because of stricture refractory to repeated dilation. CONCLUSIONS: Endoscopic dilation is a highly effective treatment for benign anastomotic strictures after radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer and should be considered a primary intervention prior to proceeding with surgical revision.