ABSTRACT
The European Union (EU) law 2004/24/EC has simplified the registration of traditional herbal medicines, which makes it possible for Chinese materia medica (CMM) to enter the EU as medicines. To register CMM products in the EU is an important way to realize the internationalization of CMM. Compound combination is the main clinical application form of CMM under the guidance of CMM syndrome differentiation. How to register compound CMM products in EU has become one of the important realistic topics for the internationalization of CMM. A total of 630 applications for traditional herbal medicinal products have been approved by the EU member states since the implementation of the Directive 2004/24/EC in 2005. Among these products, Padma Circosan Capsules was the only approved one originated from CMM area. The course of this product lead us with the enlightenment for the compound CMM products in three aspects: The literatures and evidence about safety and traditional use of "related product" are the core components in the non-clinical and clinical application materials for the registration of both combination and mono-component CMM products; The traditional application and safety evidence of "related products" as well as the relevant materials and data of EU monograph constitute the important content for the registration and approval of compound CMM products in EU member states; Applicants should pay more attention to the study of genotoxicity and the systematic collection of post-marketing pharmacovigilance data.
ABSTRACT
The United Kingdom is highly experienced in the career development and deployment of health care assistants ( HCA) to cope with shortage of nurses. This paper introduced the HCA entry requirements and career development in UK. The entry requirements include quality requirements, basic training and education requirements, practice certificate training and effect evaluation. Career development includes job promotion and transfer to clinical nurses. In view of the current situation of nursing assistant position in China, this paper made valuable recommendations.
ABSTRACT
After the concept of carrying on the scientific knowledge was analyzed from the double properties of scientific knowledge, the main contents and methods of carrying on the scientific knowledge in major scientific achievements were stressed according to the enlightenments of biological evolution in order enrich the theories and methodologies and lay the foundation for further studying the development rules of major scientific achievements .