ABSTRACT
Studies linking human health to environmental conditions are essential since parasitic diseases are connected to environmental and sanitary aspects. This study identified the prevalence of enteric parasites in an academic community in the municipality of Santo Antônio de Jesus, Bahia, Brazil. The purpose was to determine the existence, or not, of links between infections and socio-epidemiological variables, such as personal hygiene habits, the presence of sewage systems and the environment. Participants answered a questionnaire and received universal collectors for fecal samples. Spontaneous sedimentation methods and Rugai were used for diagnosis. One hundred twenty-one samples were analyzed, in which a 38.8% parasite prevalence was detected as well as a 61.7% rate of monoparasitism, as well as a predominance of protozoa Endolimax nana (78.7%) and Giardia duodenalis (21.3%). Among parasitized individuals, 97.9% lived in the Recôncavo Baiano region. The following statistical significance stands out in the findings, with p<0.05: individuals who had already bathed in the local river were more likely to be parasitized than those who had not (p = 0.034) and individuals who washed their hands more frequently before meals proved to be less prone to intestinal parasitic infections (p = 0.018). Results evidenced the presence of enteric parasites in a number of participants in spite of their being university students. The socio-epidemiological variables analyzed brought to light characteristics that favor the establishment of the epidemiological infection triad, such as improper packaging of household waste on disposal and no records of regular domestic water tank cleaning.
Subject(s)
Humans , Parasitic Diseases , Epidemiology , Environmental Health Education , EnvironmentABSTRACT
Objectives: Manipur is one of the high HIV prevalence states of India.Quite a good number of HIV infected females are indulged in the profession of sex workers. These female sex workers (FSWs) are experiencing a number of gastrointestinal related disorders including diarrhoea caused by a wide variety of pathogens, including parasites. Therefore, the present study is being undertaken with a view assessing the occurrence of enteric parasites, especially Cryptosporidium sp and Entamoeba histolytica towards their involvement as the diarrhoeagenic agent(s) in these groups of patients. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Microbiology, Regional Institute of Medical Sciences (RIMS) Hospital, Imphal, Manipurfrom1stJanuary to 31stDecember 2018.The study group included54 HIVseropositive female sex workers with symptomatic diarrhoea. Stool sample(s) preserved in 2.5% K2Cr2O7for Cryptosporidium sp and 10% buffer formalin for Entamoeba histolytica and other classical parasites were collected for this study. Results: The present study reveals that out of the selected 54 HIV positive FSWs screened for the presence of enteric parasitosis, 16 (29.62%) individuals were found positive for three parasitic infections– cryptosporidiosis, amoebiasis and hookworm infection. Both mixed infection (31.25%) and single infection (68.75%) were observed among the patients. Single infection with Cryptosporidium sp and Entamoeba histolytica were observed in 5 (31.25%) and 6 (37.5%) patients respectively. Patients in the age group of 25 -30 and 30-35 years were observed to have been more infected. Conclusion: The study reveals that intestinal parasitic infection caused by Cryptosporidium sp and Entamoeba histolytica are prevalent among the present study group of HIV infected female sex workers.
ABSTRACT
Background: The gastrointestinal tract of the HIV/AIDS patient (s) is harboured by a number of luminal extracellular and intracellular parasites. These parasites are responsible for deteriorating and worsening the general health condition(s) of these immunocompromised groups of patients. Moreover, these parasitic infections are often correlated with the CD4 counts of the individuals. Therefore, with a view to assess the relationship between the presence of parasitic infection and that of the CD4 count, the present work is being undertaken.Methods: The study was conducted in the Parasitology section of the department of Life Sciences, Manipur University and CD4 count unit of Microbiology Department, RIMS hospital Imphal from 34 HIV positive Antiretroviral treatment (ART) naive patients, aged between 19 to 50 years. The samples were taken from the patients only after obtaining a signed consent form . Techniques like normal saline method, iodine wet preparation method, formol ethyl acetate concentration technique, Baermann modified funnel technique, modified Ziehl Neelsen staining technique and adhesive cellophane tape method were employed for the present investigation.Results: The present study reveals that patients with CD4 count <200 cells/μl were harbouring only two parasites (Cryptosporidium sp and G. lamblia) whereas individuals with CD4 count within the range of 200-500 cells/μl were observed to have harboured G. lamblia, Cryptosporidium sp, E.histolytica, hookworm, S. stercoralis and A. lumbricoides. On the other hand, enteric parasites associated with CD4 count >500 cells/μl included G. lamblia, hookworm, E. vermicularis and S. stercoralis.Conclusions: The present study shows that occurrence of intestinal parasitism is independent of CD4 count in HIV infected patients. Therefore, based on the present findings, it may be suggested that irrespective of CD4 count(s) and whether the patient experiences diarrhoea or not, regular monitoring of the HIV patient(s) for the presence of enteric parasitosis by adopting standard laboratory protocols should be encouraged for maintaining a healthy life of the people living with HIV/AIDS.
ABSTRACT
Background: Parasitic Entero pathogens causing diarrhoea is considered as one of the major health problems in HIV infected patients especially those with AIDS. The knowledge of prevalence of these pathogens in a particular area can guide clinicians to provide early clinical management in HIV-associated diarrhea.Objectives: The primary objec-tive of this study was to study the prevalence of parasitic enteropathogens and compare the intestinal parasitic path-ogens in HIV infected diarrhoeal (acute and chronic) and in HIV infected non diarrheal patients and to elucidate the relation between CD4 counts and intestinal parasitic infections Materials and Methods: This study was conducted between Nov 2016 and November 2017 in the Department of Microbiology. Stool samples from 105 HIV seropositive cases with diarrhea and without diarrhea were examined by routine parasitological laboratory procedures. CD4 testing was done to know the CD4 cell count. Results:Out of 105 cases of HIV seropositive cases 15 cases had acute diarrhea, 66 cases had chronic diarrhea and 24 HIV seropositive cases were without diarrhea. Enteric pathogens were detected in 48 (45.7%) number of patients. Isosporasp. was the most common parasite. Other parasites includ-ed Ancylostoma duodenaleand Entamoeba histolytica. The diarrheal HIV-positive patients had lower mean CD4 counts as compared to those without diarrhea. Conclusions: Identification of the etiological agent of diarrhea in pa-tients with HIV/ AIDS is very important as it can help in the initiation of appropriate therapy which helps in reduction of morbidity and mortality in these patients.
ABSTRACT
El objetivo de la investigación fue relacionar la prevalencia de enteroparásitos con los factores ambientales en dos comunidades indígenas del Estado Zulia. Para ello se analizaron muestras fecales, mediante examen coproscópico y concentrado, de 168 individuos Japrería ubicados en la Sierra de Perijá y 283 Añú en la Laguna de Sinamaica. Se evaluaron muestras de suelos de las zonas respectivas, midiéndose pH, carbono orgánico, conductividad eléctrica, fósforo extraíble, calcio, magnesio y potasio intercambiables, y textura. Datos de precipitación también fueron analizados. Se encontró una elevada prevalencia de enteroparásitos en ambas comunidades (Japrería 83,93 por ciento, Añú 85,16 por ciento). Predominaron los protozoarios y el poliparasitismo, observándose Blastocystis hóminis en primer lugar en ambas poblaciones. En relación a los helmintos, Ancylostomídeos prevaleció en los Japrería y Trichuris trichiura en los Añú. El suelo de la localidad Japrería fue menos arenoso que el de la Añú, registrándose en la primera, mayor precipitación promedio anual. Se concluye que dentro de los factores ambientales evaluados, el suelo es importante en función de su textura, cobertura vegetal y precipitación, que influyen directamente en su capacidad para retener la humedad, constituyéndose en un elemento que determina diferentes patrones de distribución en la prevalencia de geohelmintos.
The objective of the investigation was to relate the prevalence of enteric parasites to environmental factors in two native communities of Zulia State. Fecal samples were analyzed using the copro-parasitology test and concentration technique, for 168 Japrería individuals located in the Perij Mountain Range and 283 Añú in the Sinamaica Lagoon. Soil samples from the respective zones were evaluated, measuring pH, organic carbon, electric conductivity, extractable phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, interchangeable potassium and texture. Precipitation data were also analyzed. A high prevalence of enteric parasites was found in both communities (Japrer¡a 83.93 percent, Añú 85.16 percent). Protozoa and polyparasitism dominated, observing Blastocystis hóminis in first place for both populations. Regarding helminths, Ancylostom¡deos prevailed among the Japrer¡a and Trichuris trichiura among the Añú. Soil at the Japrería locality was less sandy than that of the Añú and received greater annual average precipitation. Conclusions were that among the environmental factors evaluated, the soil is important because of its texture, vegetable cover and precipitation, influencing its capacity to retain humidity, an element that determines different distribution patterns in the prevalence of geohelminths.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Blastocystis hominis/parasitology , Environmental Hazards , Environmental Illness/parasitology , Indigenous Peoples , ParasitologyABSTRACT
A ausência de qualquer tratamento na água consumida, e o destino inadequado do esgoto das residências tornam essa água um fator de risco à saúde, pois favorecem em potencial doenças de veiculação hídrica. O bom aspecto da água proporciona aos consumidores uma sensação de pureza impedindo que seus consumidores tratem essa água, pelo menos por um processo de desinfecção, o que certamente minimizaria o risco de veiculação de enfermidades. O desenvolvimento de trabalhos que visem à educação ambiental e principalmente sanitária pode diminuir o impacto do problema dessas doenças. Foram coletadas 60 amostras de água e de fezes de crianças da zona rural de Bandeirantes-PR, da Escola Estadual do Distrito Nossa Senhora da Candelária que estavam integrando o projeto AGRINHO 2005, TRANSFORMANDO O MEIO EM QUE VIVEMOS, para análise físico-química e microbiológica, além de aplicado um questionário para inquérito das condições sociais econômicas da criança e da sua família. Realizou-se exames parasitológicos de fezes das crianças inseridas no projeto através do método Faust e Hoffmann e Kato-Katz...
The absence of any treatment in the consumed water, and the inadequate destination of the sewer of the residences a risk factor becomes this water the health, therefore they favor in potential illnesses of hidric propagation. The good aspect of the water provides to the consumers a pureness sensation hindering that its consumers treat this water, at least for a disinfection process, what certainly it would minimize the risk of propagation of diseases. The development of works that they aim at to the ambient and mainly sanitary education can diminish the impact of the problem of these illnesses. Samples of water and excrements of 60 children of the agricultural zone of Bandeirantes-PR had been collected, of the State School of the District Nossa Senhora da Candelária" who were integrating Project AGRINHO 2005, TRANSFORMANDO O MEIO AMBIENTE EM QUE VIVEMOS, for analysis microbiological physicist-chemistry and, beyond applied a questionnaire for inquiry of the economic social conditions of the child and its family. Took effect excrement parasitological prove of the inserted children in the project through the method Faust and Hoffmann and Kato-Katz...