ABSTRACT
Endodontic infection is caused by microorganisms colonizing as surface aggregates in the root canal system. These complex microbial communities are called biofilms that harbours numerous microorganisms with altering ecological requirements and pathological potential. The root canal system's intricacy and unpredictability, along with the multi- species nature of biofilms, make disinfection extremely difficult. The primary goal of endodontic treatment is to eliminate the biofilm from the root canal walls which is responsible for endodontic infection. The most important factor for failure of root canal treatment is the persistence of microorganisms as bioflms in the root canals. Eradication of biofilm is made possible by specific instruments and disinfecting chemicals in the form of irrigants and/or intracanal medicaments. Endodontic research has focused on the characterization of root canal biofilms and the clinical methods to disrupt the biofilms along with microbial killing. The aim of this narrative is to review the mechanisms of biofilms' formation, their roles in pulpal and periapical pathosis, the different types of biofilms, the factors influencing biofilm formation, the mechanisms of their antimicrobial resistance, techniques to identify biofilms and the role of root canal disinfectants on biofilm removal.
ABSTRACT
Aims: The aim of this study is to verify the disinfection of diode laser, following chemo-mechanical procedures against Enterococcus fecalis. Materials and Methods: Crowns of 30 extracted premolar teeth were sectioned at the cemento- enamel junction. The canals were shaped using step-back technique to K-file #40. The teeth were randomly assigned to three groups and placed into nutrient broth containing bacterial suspension of Enterococcus fecalis. Group A received no laser radiation. Specimens of group B and C were treated with diode laser (Sirona) with energy set at 1.5 and 3 W, respectively. After laser irradiation, the teeth were placed in vials, which contained 2 mL of the nutrient broth. The vials were incubated at 37°C for 24 h. Grown colonies were identified by standard methods. Statistical Analysis Used: Statistical analysis used was the nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis test, with comparison using the Bonferroni methods of means. Results: Higher mean CFU/mL is recorded in Group A (without laser disinfection) followed by Group B (with 1.5 W laser disinfection) and Group C (with 3 W laser disinfection), respectively. The difference in CFU/mL between the three groups is found to be statistically significant ( P < 0.001). Conclusions: The results of this research show that the 980 nm diode laser can eliminate bacteria that has immigrated into dentin, thus being able to increase the success rate in endodontic therapy.
ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: We exprienced two cases of Endophthalmitis caused by Enterococcus fecalis in phacoemulsification and foldable IOL(intraocular lens) implantation. The endophthalmitis caused by Enterococcus fecalis is very rare disease. In Korea, no case has been reported. METHODS: The patient invited the hospital at each 1, 7 days after phacoemulsification and IOL implantation. We have done anterior chamber paracentesis. Enterococcus fecalis was founded in culture. We have done systemic IV antibiotics, fortified topical antibiotics, intravitreal antibiotics injection and pars plana vitrectomy at each 3, 7 day after symptom was appeared. RESULTS: The final visual acuity of one patient was 0.15, but the final visual acuity of the other patient was hand motion in 30cm. CONCLUSIONS: Visual prognosis of Enterococcus fecalis endophthalmitis is not good. Early vitrectomy is good in visual outcome than retard operation.