Efectos de la modalidad de presentación de un mensaje de educación entretenimiento de prevención del VIH

Introducción: Se presentan los resultados de un estudio experimental para contrastar el efecto de la modalidad de presentación de un mensaje de educación-entretenimiento (escrito versus audiovisual) en los procesos cognitivos de recepción, en función de la necesidad de cognición. Método: Participaron 109 hombres que tienen sexo con hombres (HSH), distribuidos aleatoriamente en dos condiciones experimentales (mensaje escrito versus mensaje audiovisual). Resultados: Se encontró que la necesidad de cognición moderó el efecto de la modalidad del mensaje sobre la elaboración cognitiva (el mensaje escrito incrementaba la elaboración cognitiva en participantes con baja necesidad de cognición) y sobre la contraargumentación (el formato escrito generó menor contraargumentación en participantes con alta necesidad de cognición), pero no sobre la reactancia. Conclusiones: La efectividad de un mensaje de educación-entretenimiento está determinada tanto por las características del mensaje (la modalidad de presentación) como por las diferencias individuales de las personas (la necesidad de cognición). De manera particular, la necesidad de cognición es una variable relevante para comprender los procesos cognitivos de recepción (la elaboración cognitiva y la contraargumentación) que desempeñan un papel fundamental en el estudio de la persuasión narrativa.

Introduction: This article presents the results of an experimental study that sought to contrast the effect of the entertainment education message (written versus audiovisual) on the cognitive processes of reception, as a function of the need for cognition. Method: 109 MSM participated, randomly distributed, in two experimental conditions (written versus audiovisual message). Results: We found that the need for cognition moderated the effect of message modality on cognitive elaboration and in contra-argumentation, but not on reactance. Data shows that written message increased cognitive elaboration in participants with low need for cognition and generated less contra-argumentation in participants with a higher need for cognition. Conclusions: The effectiveness of an entertainment-education message is determined by both the characteristics of the message (the modality of presentation) and the individual differences of people (the need for cognition). In particular, the need for cognition is a relevant variable for understanding the cognitive processes of reception (cognitive elaboration and contra-argumentation) that play a fundamental role in the study of narrative persuasion.

Uma diversão entre a ciência e o ocultismo: os espetáculos de mágica no Rio de Janeiro do século XIX (décadas de 1840- 1880) / An entertainment between the science and the occultism: the magic shows in the 19th century Rio de Janeiro (1840S1880S)

Este estudo objetiva lançar um olhar sobre os espetáculos de artes mágicas promovidos no Rio de Janeiro do século XIX, sugerindo que, por suas características, podem nos permitir perceber algumas peculiaridades nacionais do processo de adesão ao ideário e imaginário da modernidade. Como fontes, foram utilizados revistas e jornais publicados na cidade entre as décadas de 1840 e 1880, período em que mágicos mais amiúde ocuparam os palcos de teatros fluminenses, observando-se um auge e regressão da popularidade desse tipo de divertimento. Na análise/interpretação, consideramos as três dimensões que marcaram, no Brasil e no mundo, os discursos e dinâmicas dessas apresentações: a ciência, o ocultismo, a diversão.

This study aims to take a look at the magical arts spectacles promoted in the 19th century Rio de Janeiro, suggesting that, due to their characteristics, they can allow us to perceive some national peculiarities of the adherence process to the ideals of modernity. As sources, they were used magazines and newspapers published in the city between the 1840s and 1880s, a period in which magicians more often occupied the stages of Rio de Janeiro theatres, with an upswing and regression of this type of entertainment in terms of popularity. For analysis/interpretation, we considered the three dimensions that marked, in Brazil and in the world, the discourses and dynamics of these exhibitions: science, occultism, entertainment.

Medición de hábitos saludables y no saludables en niños: Síntesis de la información utilizando indicadores y conglomerados / Measuring eating habits and physical activity in children: Synthesis of information using indexes and clusters

Resumen Evaluar los hábitos de salud relacionados con el sobrepeso y la obesidad infantil resulta fundamental para la prevención de estas problemáticas. Existe una amplia variedad de instrumentos para medir dichos hábitos, siendo más comunes y costo-eficientes los cuestionarios de autorreporte, sin embargo estos generan información demasiado extensa y difícil de analizar. Por tanto, este estudio tuvo como objetivo desarrollar una propuesta de síntesis de la información obtenida del Cuestionario de Hábitos de Salud relacionados con el Sobrepeso/Obesidad Infantil (CHS-SO), a partir de la construcción de indicadores de hábitos de alimentación, de actividad física y de consumo de entretenimiento digital que permitan clasificar a los niños como saludables o no saludables. Participaron 239 niños y niñas de 8 a 12 años de edad, quienes completaron el CHS-SO. La combinación del análisis de correspondencias múltiples con el de conglomerados arrojó dos clústers. Los hábitos de alimentación fueron saludables en la mayoría de los niños, sin embargo fueron identificadas diferencias en función del sexo y el nivel socioeconómico. Por el contrario, los dos hábitos menos saludables fueron el comer mientras se emplean dispositivos de entretenimiento digital y el tiempo destinado a estos últimos.

Abstract Assessing healthy habits related to child overweight and obesity is important concerning the prevention efforts. A variety of measures to assess eating habits and physical activity are available, being the self-report frequency questionnaires the most common and cost-efficient. Nevertheless, those questionnaires generate a large amount of data. Considering this, the purpose of the study was to develop a proposal to synthesize information from the Child Overweight/Obesity Healthy related Habits Questionnaire (CHS-SO), through the creation of indexes and a combination of a factorial method and cluster analysis. Nine indexes were created to assess eating habits, physical activity, and digital entertainment use, allowing to classify children into healthy or unhealthy in each index. The CHS-SO was administered to 239 children between 8 and 12 years old from Cali, Colombia. Data obtained from the indexes were analyzed using a multiple correspondence analysis and cluster analysis. Results show that most of the children have healthy eating habits, physical activity was lower in girls and digital entertainment use was high.

El cine induce a los adolescentes a consumir tabaco. es necesario implementar políticas públicas para contrarrestar este fenómeno / Cinema induces adolescents to consume tobacco. it is necessary to implement public policies to counteract this phenomenon

El consumo de tabaco es la primera causa de mortalidad prevenible en el mundo. Para combatir esta epidemia, los países miembros de la Organización Mundial de la Salud han firmado, y la mayoría de ellos ratificado, el Convenio Marco para el Control del Tabaco. El artículo 13 de este tratado regula toda forma de publicidad, promoción y patrocinio del tabaco. Las guías para la implementación de este artículo reconocen que la presencia de tabaco en el cine es una forma de promoción de los productos del tabaco dirigida principalmente a los jóvenes. En esta revisión describimos la relación entre la industria del cine y la del tabaco en los últimos 100 años, los estudios de corte transversal y longitudinales que demuestran cómo la exposición a tabaco en el cine induce a los jóvenes a iniciarse en el tabaquismo, y las políticas públicas recomendadas para evitar la presencia de tabaco en el cine, al menos en las películas para niños y adolescentes.

Tobacco use is the primary preventable cause of death and disability in the world. To combat the tobacco epidemic, most countries have signed and ratified the World Health Organzation’s Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (WHO FCTC). Article 13 of this treaty requires implementation of a comprehensive ban on tobacco advertising, promotion and sponsorship. Implementation guidelines for Article 13 recognize that the depiction of tobacco use in commercially-produced films promotes tobacco use amongst young people. In this article we review the relationship between the tobacco industry and the movie industry over the past 100 years; the cross sectional and longitudinal studies that demonstrate a causal relationship between exposure to movie smoking depictions and youth smoking initiation; and the policy interventions recommended by the WHO to limit youth exposure to tobacco in movies.

Factores de riesgo psicosocial y síndrome de burnout en trabajadores de una empresa dedicada a la recreación y el entretenimiento educativo infantil en Bogotá D.C. / Psychosocial risk factors and burnout syndrome in workers of a recreation and entertainment organization for children in Bogotá D.C.

Introducción: Las demandas actuales de trabajo, las extensas jornadas laborales y la presión social, entre otras, pueden generar en el trabajador efectos negativos como depresión, ansiedad, problemas de sueño, estrés, y por ende poca motivación, inconformismo e inestabilidad laboral. Objetivo: Caracterizar los factores de Riesgo Psicosocial, y el Síndrome de Desgaste Ocupacional en trabajadores de una empresa de recreación y entretenimiento educativo infantil. Metodología: Estudio cuali-cuantiativo. Se aplicó a una muestra de 72 trabajadores la ficha de datos socio-demográficos, los cuestionarios para la evaluación de factores de riesgo intralaboral y extralaboral diseñados y validados para Colombia por el Ministerio de Trabajo y el Cuestionario de evaluación del Síndrome del Quemarse por el trabajo (CESQT) de Gil Monte. Se elaboraron distribuciones de frecuencia en los distintos factores y cruces de variables a través del software Epi-Info. Resultados: Los resultados revelaron que el 56% de los encuestados perciben un nivel de riesgo Intralaboral alto y muy alto. A nivel extralaboral, el 71% de los trabajadores se ubica en riesgo alto y muy alto; el 72% identifica el Desplazamiento vivienda-trabajo-vivienda en niveles de riesgo alto y muy alto. En el total de la prueba CESQT, 16 personas, se encuentran en nivel de riesgo Alto y Crítico. Conclusión: El cruce de variables mostró los niveles de riesgo psicosocial intralaboral como extralaboral altos y muy altos se encuentran correlacionados con niveles altos y críticos de la escala de culpa del CESQT en el 33% y el 29% de los encuestados respectivamente.

Introduction: Current work demands, long working hours, social pressure, among others, can cause negative effects on workers such depression, anxiety, sleep problems, stress, little motivation and job instability. Objective: To characterize psychosocial risk factors and Burnout syndrome among employees of a recreation and entertainment organization for children in Bogota D.C. Methodology: Semicuantiative study. The Socio-demographic Profile Data Questionnaire for Assessing Non-occupational Factors and Working Risk designed and validated for Colombia by Colombian Ministry of Labour and the Gil Monte Assessment Questionnaire of Working Burnout Syndrome (CESQT) were applied to 72 workers. Frequency distributions were proposed for different factors and variables were analyzed with Epi-Info. Results: 56% of respondents perceived very high and high level of risks at work. Related to non-occupational level, 71% of workers reported very high and high risk; 72% identified home-work environment as the one with highest risk and displacement. According to CESQT total score, 16 interviewed workers are in high and critical risk. Conclusion: Bivariated analysis showed high psychosocial working risk and a very high one outside work, which are correlated with critical and high levels in the guilty scale (CESQT test) in 33% and 29% of respondents respectively.

As representações sociais de violência dos usuários de jogos eletrônicos / The social representations of violence by electronic games users

O presente estudo teve como objetivo geral investigar as representações sociais em relação à violência contida nos jogos eletrônicos e, especificamente, verificar se os participantes estabelecem conexões entre a violência contida nos jogos eletrônicos e comportamentos violentos. Foi utilizada a teoria das representações sociais como alicerce teórico, a qual aponta a forma em que os sujeitos de um determinado grupo constituem teorias do senso comum, as quais são construídas e compartilhadas socialmente, permitindo justificar ações e posicionamentos diante de objetos de interesse coletivo. Foram entrevistados vinte usuários de jogos eletrônicos, maiores de idade, sendo dezenove do sexo masculino. Foi utilizada a análise de conteúdo do tipo categorial-temática de Bardin. Os resultados das categorias e subcategorias apontaram para temas como a diversão, aprendizagem do idioma inglês e catarse. A violência, elemento camuflado na fala dos usuários, não foi considerada uma influência na prática dos jogadores, revelando contradições nos discursos.

The following study had as its general objective the investigation of social representations in accordance to the violence contained in electronic games and, specifically, to verify if the participants establish links between the violence contained in electronic games and violent behavior. The social representations theory as a theoretical basis was used, which shows the way in which individuals of a particular group constitute theories as common sense, which are socially constructed and shared, allowing one to justify actions and positions before objects of collective interest. Twenty users of electronic games, of legal age, nineteen being of male sex, were interviewed. The Bardin thematic-categorical type analyses of content was used. The results of the categories and subcategories indicated themes such as entertainment, learning the English language and catharsis. Violence, a concealed element in the speech of users, was not considered as an influence on the players, thus revealing contradictions in discour

Effect of entertainment on adverse donor reactions during & after blood donation.

Background & objectives: Blood is lifesaving fluid that cannot be created artificially. So, Blood donors are the precious resources. Whole blood donation is generally considered to be a safe procedure but sometimes adverse donor reaction (ADR) may occur. Recognition and evaluation of the so called adverse donor reactions during and after whole blood donation has a great value for improving the supply of the blood donation. The present prospective study was carried out with an aim to estimate the frequency and severity of adverse events occurring in whole blood donors at our Regional Blood Transfusion Centre and to study the effect of entertainment as an anxiolytic on development of ADR. Material and Method:The present prospective study was carried out at the IHBT Department of B.J. Medical College, Civil Hospital Campus, Ahmedabad. The period of the study was 2 years ranging from 1st September, 2009 to 31st October, 2011. A total of 42,684 whole blood donations were accepted during the period either on replacement basis in house in blood bank or on voluntary basis in outdoor blood donation camps. On 22-02-2011 television set with entertaining channels was installed at the donor reception area and phlebotomy room of the blood bank. Result:It was noted that 632 (1.48 %) donors had developed one of ADR. Conclusion: Because of anxiety syndrome, the rate of ADR was very high in first-time donors (3.25 %) as compared to repeat donors. Television set with entertaining channels had anxiolytic effect on the donors and striking decline (0.81 % to 0.45 %) was noted in the adverse reactions in replacement donors at blood bank.

Manifestações esportivas e festivas nas escolas do campo e da cidade / Sports events and festivals in the schools of the country and the city

Este trabalho trata das manifestações de esporte e lazer desenvolvidas nas instituições escolares dos municípios da Região Central do Rio Grande do Sul. A pesquisa foi realizada segundo um conjunto de recursos metodológicos tais como roteiros para buscas nos sites, nos documentos oficiais e na mídia impressa, mais formulários e entrevistas. O ambiente investigado circunscreve 29 escolas de 14 municípios. O conjunto das manifestações levantadas está categorizado em eventos esportivos e eventos festivos. Os resultados da pesquisa identificam que as escolas da região estudada tanto participam de eventos esportivos com enfoque nas regras institucionalizadas, principalmente os Jergs, quanto criam e recriam manifestações festivas ligadas à cultura local

This paper deals with the manifestations of sport and entertainment developed in schools in the municipalities of the central region of Rio Grande do Sul. The survey was conducted a second set of methodological tools, such as scripts for Internet searches, according to official documents and in print, more forms and interviews. The schools closed environment twenty­nine investigated fourteen municipalities. All events are sorted raised at sporting events and parties. The study results identified that schools in the region studied both participate in sporting events with a focus on institutionalized norms, especially JERGS, and to create and recreate as festive events related to local culture

La solución de problemas cognitivos en estudiantes de psicología / Cognitive problem-solving in psychology students / Solução de problemas cognitivos em estudantes psicologia

En este trabajo se analiza la solución de problemas en estudiantes de psicología, en aspectos cognitivos y sociocognitivos. El objetivo es analizar el método de formación de dichos estudiantes en procesos de solución de problemas, el cual se realiza mediante el desarrollo de tres tareas cognitivas: pensamiento productivo (creativo), estrategias heurísticas en juego y entretenimientos matemáticos, y situación estructurante en conflictos sociocognitivos. Las bases teóricas son la psicología histórico-cultural, la ciencia cognitiva computacional y la psicología social cognitiva. El trabajo comprende tres etapas: pretest, sesiones de intervención (situación experimental) y postest. En el pretest - postest se evalúan los estados inicial y final. En las sesiones de intervención se aplican, a saber: el método de la mediación instrumental (instrumentos materiales, semióticos y otros sujetos); el procedimiento heurístico "análisis-medios-fines"; las conceptualizaciones sobre conflicto estructurante o creativo de una actividad cognitiva, y la zona de desarrollo próximo. Los resultados de la investigación se presentan en las llamadas Tablas de Contingencia, en donde se observan la actividad, el desarrollo y el avance de los estudiantes en las tareas cognitivas.

This paper analyzes problem solving in psychology students on cognitive and social-cognitive aspects. The objective is to examine the method whereby these students are educated in problem-solving processes through the development of three cognitive tasks: productive thinking (creative), heuristic strategies in mathematical games and entertainment, and structuring situation in socio-cognitive conflict. The theoretical foundations are cultural-historical psychology, cognitive computational science and cognitive social psychology. The work comprises three stages: pre-test, intervention sessions (experimental condition) and post-test. In the pre-test - post-test the initial and final states are assessed. The intervention sessions involve, namely, the method of instrumental mediation (material tools, semiotic instruments and other subjects), the heuristic procedure "means-end-analysis", the conceptualizations on structuring or creative conflict of a cognitive activity, and the proximal development zone. Research results are presented in the so-called Contingency Tables, where the activity, development and progress of students in cognitive tasks can be observed.

Neste artigo se analisa a solução de problemas cognitivos e sócio-cognitivos nos alunos de psicologia. O objetivo é analisar o método de formação desses alunos nos processos de resolução de problemas, através do desenvolvimento de três tarefas cognitivas: pensamento produtivo (criativo), estratégias heurísticas em jogos e entretenimentos matemáticos, e situação na estruturação de conflitos sócio-cognitivos. Os fundamentos teóricos são a psicologia histórico-cultural, a ciência cognitiva de computação e a psicologia social cognitiva. O trabalho compreende três etapas: pré-teste, sessões de intervenção (condição experimental) e pós-teste. No estado inicial e no final se avaliam na primeira e na terceira etapas. As sessões de intervenção utilizam o método de mediação instrumental (instrumentos materiais, semióticos e outros sujetos), o procedimento heurístico de "análise meios-fins", as conceituações de conflito estruturante o criativo de uma atividade cognitiva, e a zona de desenvolvimento proximal. Os resultados da pesquisa são apresentados nas tabelas de contingência, onde se observam a atividade, o desenvolvimento e o progresso dos alunos em tarefas cognitivas.

An investigation of HIV-preventive behavior of female prostitutes in the city of ubon ratchathani.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the HIV-preventive behavior of a group of female prostitutes in the city of Ubon Ratchathani in Northeast Thailand. Methods: Basic knowledge and perceptions regarding HIV/AIDS were also assessed. The relationship between knowledge, perception, educational levels and HIV-preventive behavior were identified. A questionnaire was trialed before the survey proper, and content validation and reliability were established prior to the launch of the study (average a = 0.75). Results: Information was collected by the completion of a descriptive survey by 293 female prostitutes from 35 entertainment centres from February to April 2005. Data collected was subjected to statistical analysis. Results showed the participants had a good basic knowledge of HIV/AIDS and reasonable perceptions of the condition. Approximately one-third (37.5%) had sound behavior related to HIV infection, but an equivalent proportion (39%) needed to review their behavior. There was a statistically significant relationship between knowledge, perceptions, marital status and educational levels and HIV-preventive behavior (p<0.05). Conclusion: Conclusively, the prostitutes had an overall average HIV/AIDS knowledge, except some issues such as HIV/AIDS in pregnancy. Additionally, the HIV/AIDS perception was mainly good, whereas the HIV-preventive behavior was needed to be adjusted including; a regular condom use.

Application of electronic entertainment equipment to college English teaching / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Electronic multimedia teaching has expanded greatly in recent years. Teaching quality is closely relevant to the utilization of the electronic resource. There is a notablely rapid popularization of electronic entertainment equipment among college students during the past years. This trend can be used to assist college English teaching.

Comprehensive Fuzzy Assessment on Sanitary Quality of Public Places of Entertainment in Taiyuan During 1998～2000 / 环境与健康杂志

Objective To explore the main affecting factors on sanitary quality of public places and to assess the sanitary quality scientifically. Methods The sanitary qualities of 6 kinds of public places of entertainment in Taiyuan during 1998～2000 were assessed using the method of compreheusive fuzzy assessmeat. Results All of 6 kinds of public places revealed similar sanitary qualities. All of the sanitary indexes accorded with the related National Sanitary Standards. The sanitary qualities were better for ballrooms, theaters, bar and billiard rooms in hotels with Grade Ⅰ quality, and were worse for tennis and bowling halls with Grade Ⅱ quality. The assessments on single index showed that the affecting factors of sanitary quality of public places of entertainment were the levels of CO2, noise and CO. Conclusion The sanitary quality of entertainment public places was better during 1998～2000.