Countermeasures in enhancing intelligence cultivation among stomatological students / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Intelligence is the precondition for mastering knowledge and the foundation for acquiring technical skills.Intelligence cultivation among students majored in stomatology which includes constructing sound objective system,setting up supporting environmental condition and establishing scientific cultivation mechanism should be considered as an important teaching task.These methods can establish affluent language environment for students,set up opening mathematical logic training room,provide teaching environment with multiple visual space,develop the guidance for interpersonal communication and broaden the space for exploration of natural secrets.Combined with overall training of stomatology,the cultivation mechanism can be classified into four parts:establishing scientific mechanism for elective courses,providing auxiliary mechanism,adopting scientific evaluation and introducing effective incentives.

Survival of Trichomonas vaginalis Exposed on Various Environmental Conditions / 감염

OBJECTIVE: Trichomonas vaginalis is the common cause of sexually transmitted diseases. The present study was performed to find the possibility of other transmission mode of T. vaginalis than sexual transmission. METHODS: Survivals of trophozoites suspended in various environmental conditions were measured by haemocytometer after trypan blue staining. Also, drying time of vaginal secretion exposed at different temperatures such as 4 degrees C, 26 degrees C, 30 degrees C were observed. RESULTS: The survival rates of T. vaginalis decreased as the temperatures of tap water increased. The survival rates of trophozoites were less than 10% at 30 min-exposure at 4d degrees C or 15 min-exposure at 26 degrees C water. Hot water above 45 degrees C killed trichomonads in 5 minutes or so. T. vaginalis soaked in water from swimming pool and in cleaning solution deceased in about 5 minutes. When trophozoites were put into urines of six healthy person, the survival rates of T. vaginalis showed less than 10% after 24 hr exposure except KT4. The survival rates of trichomonads were changed according to individual urine on examined day, and isolate of T. vaginalis. The vaginal secretion was put on slide glass and leave alone until complete drying in 4degrees C refrigerator, 26 degrees C and 30 degrees C incubator. For drying of vaginal secretion, it took 70 minutes, 44 minutes and 26 minutes in 4 degrees C refrigerator, 26 degrees C and 30 degrees C incubators, respectively. The survival of trichomonads showed no change until complete dryness of vaginal secretion. T. vaginalis immersed in tap water for 5 minutes, was divided into two or many fragments. Some trichomonads were partially or completely destructed. CONCLUSION: From above results, it is supposed that transmission of T. vaginalis by contaminated fomites such as toilet stool, toilet seats is possible although this type of transmission may not occur frequently.

A Study on Experiments the Environmental Conditions and the Adaptation of the Human Body in the Vinyl House / 예방의학회지

The purpose of this study is to experiments the environmental conditions and the adaption of the human body in the vinyl house. The study was done in spring and winter and experimental clothes were used working clothes in the vinyl house. The results are as follows. 1. Environmental conditions; In the spring season, the indoor air temperature was 27.4+/-3.7 degrees C and the outdoor air temperature was 14.4+/-2.7 degrees C. In the winter season, the indoor air temperature was 18.3+/-4.8 degrees C and the outdoor air temperature was 7.6+/-2.5 degrees C on the average. 2. Skin Temperature; In the spring season, the mean skin temperatures indoor and outdoor were 33.81+/-0.7 degrees C and 31.57+/-0.8 degrees C respectively, a difference of 2.24 degrees C. In the winter season, they were 31.95+/-1.93 degrees C and 29.86+/-0.55 degrees C respectively, a difference of 2.09 degrees C. 3. Clothing climate; In the spring season, the temperature and humidity in the inner layer of clothing were 34.77+/-0.80 degrees C and 70.75+/-1.65% and indoor, 31.9+/-0.52 degrees C and 51.9+/-3.70% outdoor respectively. In the winter season, those were 32.52+/-1.04 degrees C and 64.65+/-3.68% indoor, 30.27+/-0.96 degrees C and 45.07+/-2.68% outdoor respectively. 4. Physiological Factors; Body temperature increased slightly and the pulse rate also rises, but blood pressure decreased a little with the rise of environmental temperature both in the spring and winter seasons. 5. Psychological Factors; Thermal sensation in the spring season was expressed as "slightly larm" or "warm" indoor and as "neutral" in the open air, while in the winter it was expressed as "neutral" or "slightly warm" outdoor the house and as "cold" in the open air. Comfort sensation was characterized as "uncomfortable" or "slightly uncomfortable" indoor both in the spring and winter seasons, but in the open air it was characterized as "comfortable" in the spring and as "slightly uncomfortable" in the winter.