Comportamentos internalizantes: associações com habilidades sociais, práticas educativas, recursos do ambiente familiar e depressão materna / Internalizing behavior problems and associations with social skills, educative practices, familiar resources and maternal depression / Comportamientos internalizantes: asociaciones con habilidades sociales, prácticas educativas, recursos del ambiente familiar y depresión materna

Problemas de comportamento internalizantes são subidentificados e carecem de estudos que investiguem diversas variáveis simultaneamente. Os objetivos são comparar e correlacionar indicadores de práticas educativas, recursos do ambiente familiar, repertório comportamental infantil e depressão materna de crianças com e sem problemas internalizantes, diferenciadas por sexo e escolaridade. Participaram 32 mães de crianças com problemas internalizantes e 32 sem problemas, que foram pareadas por sexo e escolaridade. Foram utilizados instrumentos validados para mensurar as variáveis do estudo, cujos dados foram comparados e correlacionados. Os resultados são: (a) práticas negativas foram mais frequentes no grupo com problemas e, habilidades sociais, no grupo sem problemas; (b) práticas negativas correlacionaram-se a problemas e práticas positivas às habilidades sociais e recursos do ambiente; (c) quanto maior a depressão materna, menores as habilidades sociais infantis; (d) crianças escolares têm mais problemas de ansiedade que pré-escolares. Discute-se sobre as implicações das variáveis estudadas para os comportamentos internalizantes.

Internalizing behaviors are under-identified and scarcely studied in association with more than one variable simultaneously. The objectives are to compare and correlate indicators of parental practices, family resources, child behavior, and maternal depression, in children with or without internalizing problems, differentiated by gender and schooling. Participants were 32 mothers of children with internalizing problems and 32 mothers of children without problems, which were matched for gender and schooling. Validated instruments were used to measure variables of interest. Data were compared and correlated. The results are: (a) negative practices were more frequent in the problems group and social skills, in the group without problems; (b) negative practices correlated to complaints about problems and positive practices correlated to child social skills and environmental resources; (c) higher maternal depression was associated with less social skills; (d) school-aged children are more anxious than pre-schoolers. Implications of these results for understanding internalizing behaviors are discussed.

Problemas de comportamiento internalizantes son subidentificados y faltan estudios de diversas variables simultáneamente. Los objetivos son comparar y correlacionar indicadores de prácticas educativas, recursos del ambiente familiar, repertorio comportamental infantil y depresión materna de niños con y sin problemas internalizantes, diferenciadas por sexo y escolaridad. Participaron 32 madres de niños con y 32 sin problemas internalizantes, pareadas por sexo y escolaridad. Fueron utilizados instrumentos validados para mensurar las variables, cuyos datos fueron comparados y correlacionados. Los resultados son: (a) prácticas negativas fueron más frecuentes en el grupo con problemas, y habilidades sociales en el grupo sin problemas; (b) prácticas negativas se correlacionaron a problemas y prácticas positivas a las habilidades sociales y recursos del ambiente; (c) cuanto mayor la depresión materna, menor las habilidades sociales infantiles; (d) niños escolares tienen más problemas de ansiedad que pre-escolares. Se discute sobre las implicaciones de las variables estudiadas para los comportamientos internalizantes.

Habitat use by Astyanax taeniatus (Jenyns, 1842) (Characiformes: Characidae) in a coastal stream from Southeast Brazil

The habitat use of a stream-dwelling Astyanax taeniatus from the State of Rio de Janeiro was investigated. We performed 12 h of underwater observation in a 200 m long stretch in the upper Roncador stream and quantified the following microhabitat descriptors: (i) water velocity, (ii) distance from the stream bank, (iii) substratum, and (iv) water column depth. Microhabitat selectivity was analyzed by comparing the microhabitat used by fish and the microhabitat available in the study site as well as by applying the Ivlev Electivity Index to the microhabitat use data. Differences in the use and availability of the various microhabitats revealed non-stochastic patterns of spatial occupation by A. taeniatus, which was selective for two of the four analyzed microhabitats. Our findings indicated that A. taeniatus is associated with habitats that have higher depths, low water velocity, and sand and bedrock substratum. O uso do micro-habitat por Astyanax taeniatus de riacho do estado do Rio de Janeiro foi investigado. Realizamos 12 h de observações subaquáticas em um trecho de 200 m do alto rio Roncador e quantificamos os seguintes descritores do micro-habitat: (i) velocidade da água, (ii) distância da margem, (iii) substrato, e (iv) profundidade da coluna d'água. A seletividade do micro-habitat foi analisada pela comparação do micro-habitat usado pelos peixes e o micro-habitat disponível na área de estudo, bem como pelo Índice de Eletividade de Ivlev aplicado aos dados de uso do micro-habitat. As diferenças no uso e disponibilidade dos diferentes descritores do micro-habitat revelaram um padrão não aleatório para a ocupação especial por A. taeniatus que foi seletivo para dois dentre quatro descritores analisados. Nossos registros indicaram que A. taeniatus está associado à habitats com maior profundidade, baixa velocidade da água e substrato de areia e rocha.

The Effects of a Psychosocial Rehabilitation Approach on the Social Adjustment of People with Psychiatric Disabilities / 신경정신의학

OBJECTIVES: The aims of this study were to explore ways in which social adjustment (SA) is enhanced and to investigate the structure of relationships among mental health state (MHS), the de-velopment of personal skills (DPS), and the development of environmental resources (DER) through structural equation modelling. METHODS: The research data were gathered by collecting self-administered questionnaires from 689 service users recruited from 62 mental health organizations in South Korea. RESULTS: Firstly, in the result of path estimates of measurement and theoretical model, especially MHS, the DER had a significant effect on the SA, the DER had a significant effect on the DPS, and the DPS had a significant effect on the SA. In contrast, MHS showed no significant effect on the DPS, and the DER showed no significant effect on the SA. Secondly, MHS and the DPS had direct effects on the SA, while the DER had indirect effects on the SA. Finally, the DER full mediating effects of between MHS and DPS ; another full mediating effects of DPS between DER and SA. CONCLUSION: Several intervention strategies for improving social adjustment were identified and presented. I found that much of your results section was difficult to understand without access to your full paper. For example, I have no details of your theoretical model and was unsure what form of structural equation modeling you used. My editing, especially of the way in which you reported your results, may therefore be inaccurate and certainly less helpful than I would have liked. Please accept my apologies for this.