ABSTRACT
The Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident in Japan resulted in the release of large amounts of radioactive substances into the surrounding environment and caused contamination. In the accident recovery process, Japan had made great efforts in public communication, including the government’s promotion of organization and planning the popularization and publicity of scientific knowledge in various forms, multi-channel information disclosure, and all-round communication and exchange, which can provide a reference for the development of relevant work in China. The nuclear-related public communication work in China can get four enlightenments. Firstly, the public communication system should be improved, and corresponding policies and mechanisms should be clarified. Secondly the popularization of nuclear science knowledge should be taken as the foundation for early and long-term development. Thirdly, the operators of nuclear facilities shall disclose relevant information according to the law and confront the curiosity or doubts of the public. Finally, multi-channel, multi-level and multi-frequency exchanges and interactions should be conducted to seek unity of understanding and balance of interests between the two sides.
ABSTRACT
Abstract Introduction: The "restingas" (coast vegetation) can serve as a species corridor in ecotonal environments due to the particulars regarding the composition of the flora. The studies covering the entire length of the Maranhão state coast are necessary to understand the diversity and distribution of plant species present in the "restingas". Objective: The objective of this study was to characterize the structure and conservation of the woody vegetation of a "restinga" in Maranhão. Methods: Phytosociological sampling of woody vegetation was carried out using the quadrants method, followed by classification of species by successional group; in addition to analyzing the diametric and hypsometric data of the populations whose species presented the highest importance value (IV). Results: In total, 24 species and 16 families were identified, 72 % of which were classified in the initial stages of succession. The values of H' and J' were 2.637 nat.ind-1and 0.830, respectively. The mean height and diameter were 2.1 m and 27.66 cm, respectively. The species Coccoloba ramosissima Wedd., Byrsonima crassifolia (L.) Kunth, Anacardium occidentale L., Manilkara triflora (Allemão) Monach, and Astrocaryum vulgare Mart. presented the highest IVs. Conclusions: It was observed that characteristics such as size, power of regrowth, and ease of regeneration processes could be useful for choosing target species for recovery actions in coastal areas.
Resumen Introducción: Las "restingas" pueden servir como corredor de especies en ambientes ecotonales debido a los aspectos de la composición de la flora. Los estudios a lo largo de la costa del estado de Maranhão son necesarios para comprender la diversidad y distribución de las especies de plantas presentes en las "restingas". Objetivo: El objetivo de este estudio fue caracterizar la estructura y conservación de la vegetación leñosa de una "restinga" en Maranhão. Métodos: Se realizó un muestreo fitosociológico de la vegetación leñosa utilizando cuadrantes, seguido de la clasificación de especies por grupo sucesional; además de analizar los datos diamétricos e hipsométricos de las poblaciones cuyas especies presentaron el de mayor valor importancia (VI). Resultados: En total, se identificaron 24 especies y 16 familias, 72 % de los cuales fueron clasificados en las etapas iniciales de sucesión. Los valores de H' y J' fueron 2.637 nat.ind-1 y 0.830, respectivamente. La altura y el diámetro medios fueron de 2.1 my 27.66 cm, respectivamente. Las especies Coccoloba ramosissima Wedd., Byrsonima crassifolia (L.) Kunth, Anacardium occidentale L., Manilkara triflora (Allemão) Monach, y Astrocaryum vulgare Mart. presentaron los valores de mayor importancia (VI). Conclusiones: se observó que características como el tamaño, capacidad de rebrote y la facilidad de los procesos de regeneración podrían ser útiles para elegir las especies objetivo para las acciones de recuperación en las zonas costeras.
Subject(s)
Sassafras , Wetlands , Environmental Restoration and Remediation , BrazilABSTRACT
O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a flora arbustiva-arbórea em um fragmento de floresta estacional semidecidual na região da Serra do Espinhaço para propor espécies para recuperação das áreas degradadas pela exploração de minério de ferro em ecossistemas congêneres. O levantamento florístico e estrutural da vegetação arbustivo-arbórea foi realizado em setembro de 2007 por meio do método dos pontos quadrantes, tendo como critério de inclusão altura do fuste superior a 1,3 m. Os indivíduos foram estratificados entre adulto (DAP ≥ 5,0 cm) e juvenil (DAP < 5,0 cm). Foram amostrados 90 pontos, onde foram identificadas 94 espécies, 70 gêneros e 32 famílias botânicas. Para o índice de diversidade de Shannon, os valores apresentados para cada compartimento foram 3,96 nat.ind-1 e 3,94 nat.ind-1; e a equabilidade de Pielou foi de 0,896 e 0,938, respectivamente, para os estrados juvenil e adulto. As famílias que mais se destacaram quanto ao número de espécies foram Myrtacea (17), Fabaceae (12), Rubiaceae (8), Euphrobiaceae (6), Sapindaceae (5) e Lauraceae (5). Para a recuperação da área foram selecionados sete grupos de espécies que serão utilizados. As características das espécies foram suficientes para a definição de grupos funcionais que poderão ser utilizados na recuperação de áreas degradadas.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the tree flora in a fragment of semi deciduous forest in the region of the Espinhaço, with aim to propose species for restoration of areas degraded by mining exploitation of iron in similar ecosystems. The inventory floristic and structural of vegetation of shrubs and trees was conducted in September 2007, by the quadrants-point method according to the method of minimum distances, whose inclusion criterion of the stem above the height 1.3 m. The individual were stratified into adults (DBH ≥ 5.0 cm) and juvenile (DBH <5.0 cm). We sampled 90 points, which were identified 94 species, 70 genera and 32 families. For the diversity index of Shannon, values presented for each layer were 3.96 nats.ind-1 and 3.94 nats.ind-1, and equability of Pielou were 0.896 and 0.938, respectively for layer juvenile and adult. Families that stood out by the number of species were Myrtaceae (17), Fabaceae (12), Rubiaceae (8), Euphrobiaceae (6), Sapindaceae (5) and Lauraceae (5). For the recovery area were selected seven groups of species that will be used for recuperation of degraded areas. The characteristics of the species were sufficient for the definition of functional groups that can be used in recuperation of degraded areas.