ABSTRACT
RESUMO Este artigo busca investigar o papel do corpo na adoção de práticas sociais sustentáveis. Apoiando-se nas Teorias das Práticas Sociais, aponta para o papel da rotinização na manutenção de estilos de vida insustentáveis. Com base em um estudo de caso realizado em uma ecovila brasileira, demonstra que a existência de valores ambientais não leva as pessoas a automaticamente modificarem os seus comportamentos. A mudança das práticas cotidianas exige a modificação de hábitos e automatismos incorporados pela socialização na sociedade de consumo. A incorporação intencional de novas práticas é um processo que demanda tempo e um trabalho de percepção consciente, sendo facilitada quando existe um esforço explícito e articulado de mudança, compartilhado por um grupo social.
RESUMEN Este artículo pretende investigar el papel del cuerpo en la adopción de prácticas sociales sostenibles. Basándose en las Teorías de las Prácticas Sociales, señala el papel de la rutinización en el mantenimiento de estilos de vida insustentables. Basado en un estudio de caso realizado en una ecoaldea brasilera, demuestra que la existencia de valores ambientales no conduce a las personas a modificar automáticamente sus comportamientos. El cambio de las prácticas diarias exige la modificación de hábitos y automatismos incorporados por la socialización en la sociedad de consumo. La incorporación intencional de nuevas prácticas es un proceso que requiere tiempo y un trabajo de percepción consciente, facilitada cuando hay un esfuerzo explícito y articulado para el cambio, compartido por un grupo social.
ABSTRACT This article investigates the role of the body in the adoption of sustainable social practices. Based on Social Practice Theories, it indicates the role of routinization in the maintenance of unsustainable lifestyles. Grounded in a case study carried out in a Brazilian ecovillage, it shows that the existence of environmental values does not automatically lead people to change their behaviors. The transformation of daily practices demands a change in habits and automatisms embodied through one's socialization in the consumer society. The intentional embodiment of new practices is a process that demands time and a work of conscious perception, facilitated when there is an explicit and articulated change effort, shared by a social group.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Social Behavior , Human Ecology , Conservation of Natural Resources , Social Change , Social ValuesABSTRACT
Resumo O artigo apresenta uma história do uso e da percepção dos agrotóxicos no estado de Santa Catarina, Brasil, entre as décadas de 1950 e 2000. As fontes primárias utilizadas foram diversificadas, como boletins técnicos, relatórios governamentais, censos agropecuários, notícias de jornais, dados do centro estadual de informações toxicológicas e entrevista com um técnico de referência no setor. Verificou-se que o uso e a percepção dos agrotóxicos passaram por diferentes fases em Santa Catarina, o que também ocorreu em outros lugares, e que as atitudes mudaram tanto devido às experiências individuais de técnicos e agricultores, como também pela influência do contexto cultural mais amplo da circulação das ideias ambientalistas a partir dos anos 1980.
Abstract The article presents a history of the use and perception of pesticides in the state of Santa Catarina, Brazil, between 1950 and 2002. A variety of primary sources were used, including technical newsletters, government reports, agricultural censuses, newspaper articles, data from the state center for toxicological information, and an interview with a key technician from the field. It was found that the use and perception of pesticides passed through different phases in Santa Catarina, much as in other places, with changes in attitude prompted both by the personal experiences of technicians and farmers and by the influence of the broader cultural context and circulation of environmentalist ideas starting in the 1980s.
Subject(s)
Humans , History, 20th Century , History, 21st Century , Pesticides , Agrochemicals , Environmentalism , Pesticide Utilization , Brazil , History, 20th Century , History, 21st Century , Sustainable AgricultureABSTRACT
Los grandes cambios ocurridos en el mundo como resultado de la Revolución Científico Técnica, imponen el análisis de las consideraciones éticas fundamentales basadas en la concepción marxista, referida a que el mundo de los objetos engendrados por la actividad del hombre condiciona todo el desarrollo de los sentidos y de la psicología humana, a la conciencia del hombre. En el presente trabajo se analizan, entre otras, algunas concepciones que producen una ruptura en el pensamiento científico contemporáneo, centrado en la bioética, el ambientalismo holista, la epistemología de segundo orden y el pensamiento complejo, rasgos que caracterizan la sociedad actual en su desarrollo, dado el énfasis en la ciencia, la tecnología, la técnica y el cambio acelerado en la vida social, que produce también rasgos de deshumanización.
The major changes in the world as a result of the scientific-technical revolution leads to the analysis of the fundamental ethical considerations based on the Marxist concepts. The world of objects generated by the human activity makes the whole development of the human senses and psychology be dependent on the man´s consciousness. The paper analyzed, among others, some concepts that cause a rupture in the contemporary scientific thinking focused on bioethics, holistic environmentalism, second order epistemology and complex thinking, which are traits that characterize the development of the present society, given the emphasis on science, technology, technique, and accelerated change in the social life that may also give rise to dehumanizing characteristics.
Subject(s)
Humans , Thinking , Bioethics/history , Knowledge , Science, Technology and Society , Holistic HealthABSTRACT
Objetivamos com o presente artigo trazer alguns argumentos e contribuições teóricas que sustentam a pertinência da articulação entre a denominada educação ambiental crítica e o movimento de justiça ambiental, em decorrência da aproximação no modo como definem as causas da crise atual, estabelecem estratégias de luta social e defendem o projeto societário anticapitalista. Essa articulação não só é oportuna para os processos de superação das relações sociais alienadas destrutivas da natureza, mas também reforça uma perspectiva da ecologia política, para a qual as determinações são materiais e de classe. Nos três movimentos - educação ambiental crítica, justiça ambiental e ecologia política - ocorre um processo argumentativo contínuo de ressignificação ideológica da questão ambiental, agindo como contraponto das interpretações hegemônicas do senso comum acerca do fenômeno socioambiental. Todos possuem elementos em comum que conformam o amálgama mediante o qual se pode efetuar a crítica e operar politicamente a favor da transformação social.
The purpose of this article is to raise a few arguments and make theoretical contributions to support the pertinence of the link between the so-called critical environmental education and the environmental justice movement due to the approach in how they define the causes of the current crisis, establish social struggle strategies, and defend the anti-capitalistic corporate project. This link is not only timely for the process of overcoming the destructive, alienated social relations of nature, but also underpins a perspective of the political ecology for which the determinations are material and of class. In the three movements - critical environmental education, environmental justice and political ecology - there is an ongoing argumentative process of ideological resignification of the environmental issue, acting as a counterpoint for the hegemonic interpretations of the common sense on the socioenvironmental phenomenon. They all have elements in common that form the amalgamation through which one can critique and, yet, operate politically on behalf of social transformation.
Subject(s)
Humans , Environmental Health EducationABSTRACT
Augusto Ángel Maya, nacido en Manizales en 1932, Doctor en Historia de la Universidad Gregoriana de Roma y Doctor Honoris Causa en Educación Ambiental de la Universidad Guadalajara de México, es uno de los pensadores más sobresalientes del emergente pensamiento ambiental en Colombia. Desde su trabajo como profesor, funcionario de instituciones del Estado y de organismos internacionales, ha contribuido de manera notable a la consolidación del pensamiento y movimiento ambiental colombiano en los últimos 40 años. Sus aportes se pueden sintetizar en dos: la reflexión teórica y conceptual para entender lo ambiental desde una perspectiva política, social y cultural; y la creación de herramientas de trabajo político como la educación ambiental y el impulso a la organización nacional del Movimiento Ambiental MA. Este trabajo sintetiza parte de este legado.
Augusto Ángel Maya was born in Manizales in 1932, with a doctorate in History from the Gregorian University of Rome and Honoris Causa Doctorate in Environmental Education from the Guadalajara University of Mexico. He's one of the most important thinkers of the emergent environmental thought in Colombia. From his work as a professor, as an official of governmental institutions and international organisms, he's contributed to the consolidation of the environmental thought and movement in Colombia for the past 40 years. His contributions can be synthesized in two: theoretical and conceptual reflection in order to understand the environmental issues from a political, social and cultural perspective; and the creation of political work tools, such as environmental education and the support of the national organization of Environmental Movement MA. This work synthesizes part of this legacy.
Subject(s)
Humans , History , Thinking , Environmental Health Education , MovementABSTRACT
This article examines the conditions under which environmental activism emerged and evolved in Brazil from 1970 e 2006. The idea was to introduce a conceptual discussion on the relations between "opportunity structures", "political processes", and "individual involvement" in the emergence of mobilizations and collective protests. The methodology consisted of biographical interviews with three different generations of activists, focusing on the meanings associated with the use of academic training in activism, the principal modalities of militant careers, and the types of resources and social ties that support the activists' concepts and practices. The research showed that the period under study constitutes a milestone for the emergence of new patterns for reconverting university and professional training into militant resources for action in the "environmental field".
Dans cet article, on examine les conditions du surgissement et des transformations du militantisme écologique au Brésil de 1970 à 2006. On cherche à discuter les concepts à partir des relations entre "structures d'opportunité", "processus politiques" et "engagement individuel" dans l'apparition de mobilisations et manifestations collectives. L'approche méthodologique se fait par des entretiens biographiques avec trois générations différentes d'activistes, afin d'examiner les significations associées à l'usage de la formation scolaire dans la militance, les principales modalités des carrières des militants et les types de moyens et de liens sociaux qui supportent les concepts et pratiques militantes des activistes. D'après la recherche, la période étudiée représente un point de surgissement de nouveaux modèles de transformation de la formation universitaire et professionnelle en ressources militantes pour agir dans "le domaine de l'environnement".