Enteritis eosinofílica. Presentación de un caso y revisión de la literatura / Eosinophilic enteritis. Case presentation and literature review

RESUMEN La enteritis eosinofílica consiste en la presencia de infiltrados eosinofílicos en el tracto digestivo. Constituye en la actualidad una entidad rara que puede localizarse en cualquier región del tubo digestivo. Su etiopatogenia se desconoce y en muchas ocasiones se relaciona con antecedentes de atopia. Las manifestaciones clínicas varían en función de las capas afectadas. Se presentó el caso de un paciente de 26 años de edad, con antecedentes de haber sido operado de apendicitis aguda, en el año 2011. Llegó al Cuerpo de Guardia refiriendo dolor intenso, fijo; en fosa iliaca derecha, acompañado de fiebre de 39°C, con escalofríos y síntomas dispéptico. Se orientó ingreso y se le realizó una videoendoscopia, se observó gastritis antral eritematosa exudativa con test para Helicobacter pylori positivo. Además, una videolaparoscopia arrojando presencia de asas delgadas apelotonadas y adherencias no recientes en fosa iliaca derecha. A pesar del tratamiento empleado el paciente continuó con dolor y fiebre, por lo que se decidió indicarle una enteroscopia de doble balón con biopsia de íleon. Se informó que a nivel del colon presentaba una colitis crónica inespecífica y en el íleon una hiperplasia linfoide. El estudio histopatológico confirmó la colitis inespecífica y una eosinofilia moderada en íleon. Se indicó tratamiento con prednisona y mesalazina con mejoría notable del cuadro clínico, fue dado de alta con el diagnóstico de una enteritis eosinofílica, con seguimiento por consulta externa de gastroenterología. En la actualidad se mantiene asintomático (AU).

ABSTRACT Eosinophilic enteritis is the presence of eosinophilic infiltrates in the digestive tract. Currently it is a rare entity than could be located in any region of the digestive tract. Its etiopathogenesis is unknown and is related, in many cases, to antecedents of atopy, Clinical manifestations may vary according to the affected layer. The authors present the case of a patient aged 26 years, with antecedents of having undergone an acute appendicitis surgery in 2011. He arrived to Emergency referring intense, steady pain in the right iliac fossa, accompanied by a 39o C fever, chills and dyspeptic symptoms. He was admitted and a video endoscopy was carried out. An exudative erythematous antral gastritis was observed with a positive test for Helicobacter pylori. In addition, video laparoscopy also showed the presence of thin, lumped loops and no-recent adherences in the right iliac fossa. In spite of the applied treatment, the patient continued with pain and fever, so the doctors indicated a double-balloon enteroscopy with ileum biopsy. It was informed an unspecific chronic colitis at the colon level and a lymphoid hyperplasia in the ileum. The histopathologic study confirmed the unspecific colitis and a moderate eosinophilia in the ileum. A prednisone and mesalazine treatment was indicated with a notable improvement of the clinical characteristics. The patient was discharged diagnosed with a eosinophilic enteritis and follow-up in out-patient consultation of Gastroenterology. Currently he keeps on asymptomatic (AU).

A Case of Ancylostoma ceylanicum Infection Occurring in an Australian Soldier Returned from Solomon Islands

A 26-year-old male member of the Australian Defense Force presented with a history of central abdominal pain of 4 weeks duration and peripheral eosinophilia consistent with eosinophilic enteritis. Acute hookworm disease was diagnosed as the cause. Adult worms recovered from feces after therapy with albendazole were morphologically consistent with Ancylostoma ceylanicum. As the patient had been deployed with the Regional Assistance Mission to Solomon Islands for 6 months prior to this presentation, it is very likely that the A. ceylanicum was acquired in Solomon Islands. Until now, it has been assumed that any Ancylostoma spp. recovered from humans in Solomon Islands is A. duodenale. However, this case demonstrates that human hookworm infection acquired in the Solomon Islands could be caused by A. ceylanicum.

Enteritis eosinofílica. A propósito de dos casos / Eosinophilic enteritis. Apropos of two cases

Introducción: la enteritis eosinofílica transmural representa una entidad muy poco frecuente en Cuba, habiéndose reportado dos casos secundarios a infecciones parasitarias y uno primario publicado por Amores y col en el año 2009. Presentación de casos: se presentó dos pacientes que fueron llevados al quirófano con diagnóstico de úlcera péptica perforada y obstrucción intestinal, que al ser analizada la pieza histológica, se confirmó la presencia de enteritis eosinofílica con afección de todo el espesor de la pared intestinal. Discusión: aunque estas enfermedades son idiopáticas, recientes investigaciones apoyan el papel de los eosinofilos, las células auxiliadoras T 2 (Th2), las interleuquinas [IL]-3, IL-4, IL-5, e IL-13), y eotaxin como factores críticos en la patogénesis de la misma. Conclusiones: la enteritis eosinofílica es una entidad nosológica, que aunque catalogada como rara, lleva a frecuentes complicaciones quirúrgicas, y debe tenerse en cuenta en estos pacientes.

Introduction: transmural eosinophilic enteritis represents an infrequent entity in Cuba, being reported only two cases secondary to parasitic infections and one primary, published by Amores et al in 2009. Case presentation: we present two patients that were taken to the operating room with the diagnosis of perforated peptic ulcer and intestinal obstruction, confirming the presence of eosinophilic enteritis with all of the intestinal wall thickness damaged when analyzing the histological piece. Discussion: although these diseases are idiopathic, recent research support the paper of eosinophils, T 2 helper cells (Th2), [IL]-3, IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 interleukins, and eotaxin as critical factors in this disease pathogenesis. Conclusions: the eosinophilic enteritis is a nosocomial entity that although classified as rare, leads to frequent surgical complications, and should be kept in mind when treating these patients.

Eosinophilic Enteritis with Eosinophilic Ascites without Eosinophilia / 이화의대지

Eosinophilic enteritis is an uncommon disease of unknown cause characterized by eosinophilic infiltration in various areas of the gastrointestinal tract with symptoms. It is generally classified according to the layer of the gastrointestinal tract involved. Eosinophilic infiltration of the serosa is the rarest form of presentation and may manifest eosinophilic ascites. We report a case of a 47-year-old man who experienced progressing abdominal pain. A diffuse erythematous change of the gastric mucosa was observed on gastrofibroscopy. An abdominal computed tomography and colonoscopy showed diffuse wall thickening of the small bowel and colon with a small amount of ascites. Eosinophilic infiltration was confirmed by multiple biopsies of the gastrointestinal tract and peritoneal fluid analysis. The patient was treated with corticosteroid and responded dramatically.

Eosinophilic Enteritis with Eosinophilic Ascites without Eosinophilia / 이화의대지

Eosinophilic enteritis is an uncommon disease of unknown cause characterized by eosinophilic infiltration in various areas of the gastrointestinal tract with symptoms. It is generally classified according to the layer of the gastrointestinal tract involved. Eosinophilic infiltration of the serosa is the rarest form of presentation and may manifest eosinophilic ascites. We report a case of a 47-year-old man who experienced progressing abdominal pain. A diffuse erythematous change of the gastric mucosa was observed on gastrofibroscopy. An abdominal computed tomography and colonoscopy showed diffuse wall thickening of the small bowel and colon with a small amount of ascites. Eosinophilic infiltration was confirmed by multiple biopsies of the gastrointestinal tract and peritoneal fluid analysis. The patient was treated with corticosteroid and responded dramatically.

Gastroenterite eosinofílica: relato de caso / Eosinophilic gastroenteritis: case report

A gastroenterite eosinofílica é uma doença rara, de etiologia desconhecida, com infiltração eosinofílica da parede gastrintestinal a uma profundidade variável e diversas manifestações gastrintestinais. Relatamos o caso de um homem de 37 anos admitido com queixa aguda de dor abdominal e vômitos biliares. Tratava-se de uma gastroenterite eosinofílica, com infiltração predominante da camada muscular (submucosa e lâmina própria), que respondeu a um curso de corticoide em doses baixas, estando assintomático até o momento em que se relatou o caso.

Eosinophilic gastroenteritis is a rare disease of unknown etiology, with eosinophilic infiltration of the gastrointestinal wall to a depth variable and various gastrointestinal symptoms. We report the case of a 37 year old man admitted with complaints of acute abdominal pain and vomiting bile. It was an eosinophilic gastroenteritis with predominant infiltration of the muscle layer (submucosa and lamina propria), which responded to a course of steroids in low doses, with no symptoms until the time it was reported the case.

Enteritis eosinofílica primaria: a propósito de un caso / Primary eosinophilic enteritis: a case report

La enteritis eosinofílica transmural representa un cuadro clínico muy poco frecuente. Presentamos el caso de un paciente que fue llevado al quirófano con diagnóstico de úlcera péptica perforada y al ser analizada histológicamente la zona lesionada, se confirmó la presencia de enteritis eosinofílica con afección de todo el espesor de la pared intestinal lo cual representa un hallazgo muy infrecuente en nuestro país, habiéndose reportado tres casos secundarios a infecciones parasitarias por Strongyloides stercoralis e Isospora Belli en el curso del VIH/SIDA, en el IPK y uno que fue presentado en el 9º Congreso Virtual Hispanoamericano de Anatomía Patológica en mayo 2007. La evolución postoperatoria fue favorable, encontrándose el paciente asintomático en la actualidad.

Transmural eosinophilic enteritis is a rare condition. We present the case of a complicated peptic ulcer that in the histological examination of the resected segment of jejunum showed eosinophilic enteritis affected the whole thickness of the jejunal wall. That is very infrequent disease, in our country, were reported two cases with hyperinfection syndrome caused by Strongyloides stercoralis in the development of HIV/AIDS, and a HIV seropositive patient with chronic diarrheic syndrome, in which oocysts of Isospora belli were detected. And primary enteritis who has presented in the 9º Pathological Congress in may 2007. The postoperative course was uneventful with full recovery.

A Case of Anisakiasis Diagnosed after Partial Resection of Ileum Due to Eosinophilic Ascites and Ileal Abscess / 대한소화기내시경학회지

Eosinophilic enteritis is characterized by massive infiltration of eosinophil throughout the entire or each layer of intestinal wall with marked submucosal edema. The etiology of this disease is not clear until now, and parasite infestation should be considered as a cause of eosinophilic enteritis like this case. We experienced a case of eosinophilic enteritis manifested by intermittent periumbilical pain and bloody ascites. After partial resection of ileum, we confirmed the eosinophilic abscess from Anisakis infestation and successfully treated this patient without sequalae and report it with literatures review.

Eosinophilic Enteritis Diagnosed by Laparoscopic Biopsy / 대한소화기내시경학회지

Eosinophilic gastroenteritis is a rare disease characterized by the eosinophilic infiltration of the gastro-intestinal tract without involvement of organs outside the gastrointestinal tract and may be misdiagnosed in clinical practice. The pathophysiology of eosinophilic gastroenteritis is not known well. We report a case of serosal eosinophilic enteritis presenting sterile eosinophilic ascites, peripheral eosinophilia and abdominal pain. Diagnosis was confirmed by laparoscopic biopsy of small bowel. The patient was improved dramatically with prednisolone therapy.