ABSTRACT
@#Objective To analyze the epidemiological and etiological characteristics of hand,foot and mouth disease(HFMD)in Honghe Prefecture,Yunnan Province from 2013 to 2021,and provide basis for the development of prevention and control strategies for HFMD. Methods The case data of HFMD in Honghe Prefecture,Yunnan Province from 2013 to2021 were extracted from the“China Disease Prevention and Control Information System”. Descriptive epidemiological analysis method was used to analyze the incidence rate,severe rate,mortality rate. The nucleic acids of enterovirus-A71(EV-A71)and Coxsackievirus-A16(CV-A16)were detected by Real-time PCR in throat swabs,anal swabs or stool samples from 16 586 cases of HFMD,and the etiological characteristics were analyzed. Results A total of 78 356 cases of HFMD were reported from 2013 to 2021 in Honghe Prefecture,Yunnan Province,with 354 severe cases and 11 deaths. The average annual incidence rate of HFMD was 187. 47/100 000,with an upward trend from 2013 to 2015,and reached the first peak in 2015,which showed a downward trend from 2016 to 2017,while increased,reached the second peak,and then gradually decreased and tended to be flat in 2018. The severe and death rates have been declining since 2015. The age group of 0～7 years old showed high incidence,which accounted for 97. 85%(76 670/78 356)of the total incidence,and the average annual incidence of 1～2 years old group was the highest(4 397. 98/100 000). Generally,the time distribution showed a bimodal distribution,which were from April to July(summer peak)and from October to December(autumn peak),and the peak in summer was higher than that in autumn. The number of cases and severe cases in males were significantly higher than those in females（χ~2= 1 154. 436 and 5. 183,respectively,each P < 0. 05）. The average annual incidence and severe rate in the northern part of Honghe Prefecture were significantly higher than those in the southern part（χ~2= 18 573. 742 and 11. 036,respectively,each P < 0. 05）. Among 16 586 HFMD cases,EV-A71,CV-A16 and other enteroviruses accounted for 18. 71%,20. 38% and 60. 91% of cases,respectively,with significant difference（χ~2= 5 426. 965,P < 0. 05）. The dominant pathogen was EV-A71 in 2013 and 2015,while CV-A16 in 2014,and other enteroviruses became the dominant pathogens in 2016 — 2021. Conclusion The epidemic trend of HFMD in Honghe Prefecture,Yunnan Province from 2013 to 2021 was seasonal and regional,with children under the age of 7 being the key population,and other enteroviruses have become the dominant pathogens after 2016. HFMD prevention and control knowledge publicity should be strengthened,good hygiene habits should be advocated,and parents' awareness of disease prevention should be raised. EV-A71 vaccination should be strengthened to reduce EV-A71 infection and effectively prevent severe cases and deaths.
ABSTRACT
Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of new occupational pneumoconiosis in Zigong City from 2018 to 2022, and to provide the basis for further prevention and treatment of local pneumoconiosis. Methods The information of newly diagnosed and reported cases of pneumoconiosis in Zigong City from 2018 to 2022 was collected through the occupational disease and occupational health information monitoring system, and the characteristics of the distribution of pneumoconiosis in three regions, the composition of diseases and the length of service of exposure to dust were analyzed. Results From 2018 to 2022, the top 3 newly diagnosed pneumoconiosis diseases in Zigong City were silicosis, coal workers' pneumoconiosis and asbestosis. Silicosis cases were mainly distributed in small and medium-sized employers, accounting for 81.41%. Coal workers' pneumoconiosis was mainly distributed in large and medium-sized employers, accounting for 97.24%. Asbestosis mainly distributed in large scale employers, accounting for 96.36%. There was significant difference in dust handling age of different scale employers (H=11.453, P<0.05). The median ages of silicosis, coal workers' pneumoconiosis and other pneumoconiosis were 47.0 years, 52.0 years and 48.2 years, respectively. The median age of dust handling was 3.3 years, 22.0 years and 23.2 years, respectively. The age of onset of coal workers' pneumoconiosis was higher than that of silicosis and other pneumoconiosis (H=72.547, P<0.05), and the age of dust exposure of silicosis was shorter than that of coal workers' pneumoconiosis and other pneumoconiosis (H=10.453, P<0.05). Conclusion The current situation of pneumoconiosis in Zigong City is still severe, with obvious clustering in disease types and industries. Prevention and treatment of pneumoconiosis in key industries should be further strengthened to protect the health rights and interests of workers.
ABSTRACT
Objective To analyze the seasonal and epidemiological characteristics of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in Chuzhou from 2010 to 2022. Methods The epidemiological data of CAP in Chuzhou from 2010 to 2022 were obtained from the center for diseases control and prevention of Chuzhou City, Anhui Province. After inclusion and exclusion, a total of 1 053 cases were enrolled. General data were collected. Then the characteristics of CAP patients in terms of gender, age, regional and seasonal distribution and pathogenic bacteria distribution were analyzed. Results A total of 316 patients with CAP, with a prevalence rate of 30.01%, including 152 males (48.10%) and 164 females (51.90%). Regarding age, 86 cases (27.22%) at 19-40 years, 106 cases (33.54%) at 41-60 years, and 124 cases (39.24%) at >60 years, suggesting a statistical difference in the CAP detection rate among different genders and ages (P<0.05). Seasonally, 118 cases (37.34%) were detected in spring, 13 cases (4.11%) in summer, 49 cases (15.51%) in autumn, and 136 cases (43.04%) in winter, with the highest CAP detection rate in winter, followed by spring. Pathogenic bacteria were positive in 198 of 316 patients, with a detection rate of 62.66%. A total of 125 strains of pathogenic bacteria were detected in sputum culture, of which 138 cases were Gram-negative, mainly Escherichia coli (24.24%, 48/198), and 60 cases were Gram-positive, mainly Streptococcus pneumoniae (14.14%, 28/198). Among 198 patients positive for pathogen detection, 41 cases were detected in spring, 37 cases in summer, 56 cases in autumn and 64 cases in winter. The drug sensitivity results showed that Escherichia coli had the highest resistance rate to ampicillin and cefazolin, and was sensitive to imipenem and other antibiotics; Streptococcus pneumoniae has the highest resistance rate to penicillin and erythromycin, and is sensitive to vancomycin. Conclusion CAP is quite common in elderly population in Chuzhou from 2010 to 2022, with a high prevalence rate in spring and winter, and the prevention work of high-risk groups should be strengthened.
ABSTRACT
Objective @#To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) in Dongyang City, Zhejiang Province from 2017 to 2022, so as to provide insights into SFTS prevention and control. @*Methods@#Data pertaining to patients with SFTS in Dongyang City from 2017 to 2022 were collected from Notifiable Infectious Disease Reporting System of Chinese Disease Prevention and Control Information System. The epidemiological and clinical characteristics of patients with SFTS were descriptively analyzed, and the trends in incidence of SFTS was evaluated using annual percent change (APC). @*Results@#A total of 32 SFTS cases were reported in Dongyang City from 2017 to 2022, with mean annual incidence of 0.63/105, and 8 cases died, with a fatality rate of 25.00%. The incidence of SFTS appeared a tendency towards a rise from 2017 to 2022 (APC=40.697%, P<0.05). The male to female ratio of SFTS cases was 0.78∶1, and farmer was the predominant occupation (31 cases, 96.88%). SFTS predominantly occurred among individuals at ages of 51 to 69 years (20 cases, 62.50%), and the incidence peaked during the period between March and May and between July and August (28 cases, 87.50%). SFTS cases were reported in 11 out of the 18 townships (streets) in Dongyang City, with the highest number found in Zuocun Township (8 cases, 28.13%), and had the lowest platelet count of (41.46±5.19)×109 platelets/L, with the lowest count of (3.00 to 67.00) ×109 platelets/L. All the SFTS cases had a history of mountain forest and farmland activities 2 weeks prior to onset of the disease, and 5 cases (15.63%) had a history of tick bites.@*Conclusions@#The incidence of SFTS appeared a tendency towards a rise in Dongyang City from 2017 to 2022, and SFTS was highly prevalent in spring and summer, with high incidence among farmers. Intensified health education of SFTS is recommended among residents in high-incidence areas.
ABSTRACT
Objective @#To understand the epidemiological characteristics of notifiable respiratory infectious diseases in Huzhou City, Zhejiang Province from 2017 to 2022, so as to provide insights into formulation of respiratory infectious disease prevention and control strategies.@*Methods@#The data pertaining to notifiable respiratory infectious disease in Huzhou City from 2017 to 2022 were collected through the Infectious Disease Report Information System of Chinese Disease Prevention and Control Information System. Epidemiological characteristics of notifiable respiratory infectious disease was analyzed using a descriptive epidemiological method.@*Results@#@*Conclusions@#A total of 31 314 cases of notifiable respiratory infectious diseases were reported in Huzhou City from 2017 to 2022, with an average annual reported incidence of 169.12/105. The reported incidence of notifiable respiratory infectious diseases appeared a tendency towards a rise in Huzhou City from 2017 to 2022 (P<0.05). The top six reported diseases in terms of case numbers were influenza (20 048 cases), tuberculosis (6 920 cases), COVID-19 (1 893 cases), mumps (1 413 cases), pertussis (475 cases) and scarlet fever (442 cases), accounting for 99.61% of the total cases. The incidence of influenza, COVID-19 and pertussis showed a tendency towards a rise, the incidence of mumps and tuberculosis showed a tendency towards a decline (all P<0.05), and scarlet fever remained at a low-level incidence (P>0.05). Respiratory infectious diseases were mainly reported in winter (January, February and December), with 14 644 cases accounting for 46.77%. There were 15 068 cases reported in schools and kindergartens, accounting for 48.12%. The incidence showed a U-shaped variation with age, with the highest incidence in residents at ages of 10 years and below (987.68/105), and showing a tendency towards a rise in residents at ages of 60 years and above. @*@#The incidence of respiratory infectious diseases in Huzhou City from 2017 to 2022 increased significantly. Influenza, tuberculosis, COVID-19, mumps and pertussis are key notifiable respiratory infectious diseases. Residents at ages of 10 years and below and 60 years and above should be given a high priority for respiratory infectious disease control.
ABSTRACT
Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics and current situation of pertussis in Hubei Province from 2016 to 2021. Methods Data on the incidence of pertussis and immunization history of cases in Hubei Province from 2016 to 2021 were collected and descriptive epidemiological analysis was conducted. Results From 2016 to 2021, a total of 1 236 pertussis cases were reported in Hubei Province, with an average annual reported incidence rate of 0.35/100 000. The average annual reported incidence of pertussis in the age group ≤ 5 years old was 6.22/100 000, and the age group <1 year old reported the highest annual incidence rate (21.51/100 000). The proportion of pertussis among preschool children and students had increased significantly since 2020. Among the 1 111 cases with a known immunization history, 17.55% were under the age of vaccination , 41.85% were not vaccinated, and 17.46% had completed the whole course of vaccination. Conclusion Since 2016, the incidence of pertussis in Hubei Province has been on the rise. The risk of pertussis is higher in infants and young children who have not reached the age of vaccination and who have not been vaccinated in time according to the immunization program after reaching the age of vaccination. The timeliness and vaccination rate of DTP vaccine should be improved to reduce the risk of pertussis in infants and young children. In addition, more attention should be paid to the prevalence of pertussis among preschool children and students.
ABSTRACT
Objective To retrospectively analyze the prevention and control effect and epidemic characteristics of elderly tuberculosis in Hubei Province from 2016 to 2020, and to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and treatment of elderly tuberculosis in Hubei Province． Methods The data on tuberculosis patients aged 60 and above who registered their current address in Hubei Province from 2016 to 2020 were collected and analyzed. The registration rates and composition ratios were analyzed using χ2 test and χ2 test for trend. Results A total of 135 976 tuberculosis patients were reported in Hubei from 2016 to 2020. The annual average registration rate of elderly tuberculosis among the elderly registered residence population (referring to the registration rate of elderly registered residence population aged 60 and above as the denominator, and tuberculosis patients aged 60 and above as the numerator) was 263.51/100 000. The highest rate was 300.02/100,000 in 2017, and the lowest was 188.19/100,000 in 2020 (χ2=70,227.603, P2trend=40.448，P2trend=740.911, P2trend=380.557, P2trend=323.764, P<0.001). Conclusion The elderly population with pulmonary tuberculosis in Hubei Province shows a downward trend. It is necessary to focus on the efforts of designated hospitals to proactively identify cases, increase the proportion of confirmed cases, maintain a high tracking in place, reduce medical delays, and ensure the effectiveness of tuberculosis prevention and treatment for the elderly.
ABSTRACT
Objective To analyze the epidemic characteristics of varicella in Chongqing from 2014 to 2020, and to provide evidence for the development of scientific and effective varicella control strategies. Methods Data on the outbreak of varicella and vaccination in Chongqing from 2014 to 2020 were collected through the China Disease Prevention and Control Information System, and descriptive epidemiological methods were used for statistical analysis. Results A total of 181 551 cases of varicella were reported in Chongqing from 2014 to 2020, with an average annual incidence rate of 83.79 per 100 000. The incidence rate of varicella increased from 39.95 per 100 000 in 2014 to 81.88 per 100 000 in 2020 (P < 0.001). The incidence of varicella was seasonal, with the peak periods occurring from May to June and from October to December each year. The average annual incidence rate in municipal districts was 88.90/100 000, higher than 67.42/100 000 in counties and 82.50/100 000 in autonomous counties. The average annual incidence rate of varicella in males (87.13/100 000) was higher than that in females (80.38/100 000). The incidence of varicella was mainly distributed in people under 15 years old, with 143 508 cases (79.10%) reported, and the highest incidence age was 5-9 years old (37.00%). Among the affected occupations , 133 733 cases (62.6%) were students , 39 274 cases (18.40%) were children in nursery care, and 17 963 cases (8.4%) were scattered children. The actual number of doses of varicella vaccine from 2014 to 2020 was 2 302 522 doses, with the coverage rates of one-dose and two-dose vaccines being 75.56% and 32.17%, respectively. ARIMA predicted that there would be 2 604, 811, 756, 1 226, 2 405, 3 904, 2 410, 1 211, 2 034, 6 878, 10 887, and 8 955 cases of varicella from January to December 2021. Conclusion The incidence of varicella in Chongqing is on the rise, with obvious seasonal, regional and population distribution characteristics. It is necessary to strengthen the prevention and control of varicella epidemic, strengthen the prevention and control measures of key groups and key institutions in the high incidence season, strengthen the publicity of varicella vaccine, and improve the vaccination rate of two-doses of varicella vaccine for eligible children.
ABSTRACT
@#Pertussis is an ancient disease,and early vaccination has greatly reduced the incidence and mortality of pertussis.However,the pertussis resurgence has been reported worldwide in recent years.Further understanding of the epidemiological characteristics of pertussis is essential for the development of more effective pertussis vaccines and for better prevention and control and early elimination of pertussis.This paper mainly reviews the basic epidemiological characteristics,seroepidemiological characteristics,molecular epidemiological characteristics and prevention and control progress of pertussis at home and abroad.
ABSTRACT
Introducción: Un mayor conocimiento y difusión acerca del comportamiento epidemiológico de la infección por VIH en el Departamento de Itapúa genera una evidencia significativa para la toma de decisiones a nivel regional. Objetivo: Caracterizar epidemiológicamente a pacientes con VIH que forman parte del PRONASIDA del Hospital Regional de Encarnación desde el año 2017 a 2021. Material y Métodos: Estudio transversal descriptivo en pacientes con VIH captados por el PRONASIDA del Hospital Regional de Encarnación, 7ª Región Sanitaria, durante los años 2017-2021 (n=375). Los datos se expresaron en medidas de tendencia central y dispersión, y tabla de proporciones. Resultados: El mayor número de casos (80) se evidenció en los años 2018 y 2019. El rango etario de 20-29 años reportó el mayor número de casos, 20% (75), con predominancia del sexo femenino 64% (229), el 47% (177) procedente de Encarnación. Se halló un 43% (106) de casos de sida con CD4 menor a 200 células/mL, la mediana de la carga viral fue de 96.030cél/mL con un rango intercuartílico de 401.884,5cél/mL. Conclusión: Se identificó la disminución de nuevos diagnósticos en el año 2020, lo cual guarda relación con las medidas sanitarias a causa de la pandemia por COVID-19. Las características analizadas mostraron predominancia del sexo femenino en grupos etarios en edad joven con procedencia de Encarnación. Se considera importante fortalecer el primer nivel de atención en Itapúa a fin de evidenciar las brechas con el objetivo de ampliar el acceso para captación de pacientes y asegurar un diagnóstico precoz.
Introduction: Increased knowledge and dissemination about the epidemiological behavior of HIV infection in the Department of Itapúa generates significant evidence for decision-making at the regional level. Objective: To describe the epidemiological characteristics of patients with HIV who are part of the PRONASIDA of the Regional Hospital of Encarnación from 2017 to 2021. Materials and Methods: Cross-sectional study conducted on HIV patients enrolled in the PRONASIDA program at the Regional Hospital of Encarnación, 7th Health Region, during the years 2017-2021 (n=375). Data were expressed in measures of central tendency and dispersion, and proportions table. Results: The highest number of cases (80) was observed in 2018 and 2019. The age range of 20-29 years reported the highest number of cases, 20% (75), predominantly among females 64% (229), with 47% (177) originating from Encarnación. Forty-three percent (106) of AIDS cases had CD4 counts lower than 200 cells/mL, with a median viral load of 96,030 cells/mL and an interquartile range of 401,884.5 cells/mL. Conclusion: A decrease in new diagnoses was identified in the year 2020, likely associated with health measures due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The analyzed characteristics showed a predominance of females in younger age groups originating from Encarnación. It is considered important to strengthen primary care in Itapúa to highlight gaps, aiming to broaden access for patient enrollment and ensure early diagnosis.
ABSTRACT
Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is one of the most common sexually transmitted viral diseases. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted with the purpose of clinically and epidemiologically characterizing anal HPV infection in patients who attended the Benign Orificial Pathology Consultation of the Coloproctological Unit at the Dr. "Antonio María Pineda" Central University Hospital, during the period March 2022 -February 2023, by selecting 288 patients whose average age was 47.09 ± 14.61 years, being the 41-50 years old group (29.17%) and the 51-60 years old group (19.44%) the most affected groups by pathologies of the anal region, with a predominance of male (54.17%). The sociodemographic characteristics with the highest frequency included married (48.61%) and single (47.22%); secondary level of education (44.44%) and traders (18.05%) and housewives (15, 28%) as predominant occupations. The risk factors were represented by onset of sexual intercourse between 16-20 years of age (65.28%), heterosexuality (91.67%), 22.22% reported having anal sex and 5.56% oral sex. Likewise, 5.56% were reported with a history of genital HPV and 4.17% were HIV positive. In addition, 48.61% stated not to use condoms. The initial clinical diagnosis included hemorrhoidal disease (30.55%), anal fistula (25%) and anal fissure (18.05%), and one patient (1.39%) with anal HPV infection. Anal cytology results showed 8.33% flat epithelial cells with cytopathic changes suggestive of HPV infection and 1.39% squamous cells with cytopathic changes suggestive of HPV infection: 50% mild inflammatory negative for malignancy and 33.33% flat epithelial cells without atypia. In conclusion, the anal cytology investigation should continue to determine the actual frequency of anal HPV infection. (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Anal Canal/injuries , Papillomavirus Infections/epidemiology , Anal Canal/pathology , Health ProfileABSTRACT
Objective The epidemiological characteristics and risk factors of infection of non-tuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) by elderly bronchiectasis patients in Huai 'an area were analyzed, and the theoretical basis for prevention of NTM infection by elderly bronchiectasis patients in Huai 'an area was provided. Methods Among the 371 elderly patients with bronchiectasis admitted to our hospital from January 2020 to June 2022 were selected and divided into control group and NTM group according to whether they had NTM or not. The NTM strains were isolated and identified. Clinical data of patients were collected from the medical record system. Independent risk factors of NTM infection in elderly patients with ramus were analyzed by univariate analysis and logistic regression, including gender, age, previous smoking status, number of ramus, pulmonary cavities, hypoproteinemia, and CD4+T cell level. Results A total of 108 cases NTM infection (29.11%) among the 371 patients with branch enlargement. There was no statistical significance in cough, phlegm, hemoptysis and fever between the two groups (P>0.05). The proportion of chest tightness and shortness in NTM group was significantly higher than that in control group (P20 years (OR=1.692), number of branchial dilated lobe ≥5 (OR=2.671) and thin-walled cavity (OR=2.458) were independent risk factors for NTM infection in elderly patients with branchial dilated lobe (P20 years, and thin-walled cavity. Patients should actively quit smoking, improve the body immunity, and prevent NTM infection in patients with bronchiectasis.
ABSTRACT
Objective To analyze the distribution spectrum and epidemiological characteristics of 500 patients with accidental injury, and to provide a theoretical basis for targeted preventive measures. Methods Data of 500 pre-hospital emergency patients with accidental injuries were selected from the first aid station in Suining area of Sichuan Province from January 1 to December 31, 2021. The consequences and external causes of accidental injuries were classified according to the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10). The gender, age, time to call for help and disease spectrum of patients were collected as investigation elements. Results Among the 500 cases of accidental injury patients, 48.80% were mainly from 18 to 40 years old. There were significant differences in the proportion of male and female accidental injury patients in different age groups (P<0.05). The distribution spectrum of accidental injury was traffic accident injury, fall injury/collision injury, fight injury, and fall from height injury. Accidental injuries occurred mainly in the brain, limbs and face, and the distribution of brain injuries in different age groups had statistical significance (P<0.05). The occurrence of accidents in different seasons was summer, winter, spring and autumn in sequence. Accidental injuries mainly occurred from 18:00 to 23:59 and from 6:00 to 11:59. Conclusion The main cause of accidental injuries in Suining area of Sichuan Province is traffic accidents, especially during the evening rush hours. The majority of patients are 18 - 40 years old. Safety and health education should be actively strengthened, and the occurrence of traffic accidents should be reduced through all-round and multi-means joint efforts.
ABSTRACT
Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of norovirus infectious diarrhea in the active monitoring of foodborne diseases in Jiangsu Province from 2015 to 2020, so as to provide reference for the prevention and control of foodborne diseases caused by norovirus. Methods Norovirus positive diarrhea cases were collected from sentinel hospitals in 13 districts and cities of Jiangsu Province, and their epidemiological and clinical characteristics were analyzed. Results Atotal of 3 620 norovirus positive cases were detected and isolated from 61 489 samples. The main serotype was GII (71.97%), the onset season was winter and spring, and the onset age was 1-3 years old and 14-34 years old. There was no significant difference in norovirus positive rate between different sexes, and the main symptom was diarrhea (incidence rate was 92.10%), Meat and meat products (20.20%) were the main types of suspected exposed foods. Conclusion Norovirus infection has obvious seasonal characteristics, and the population is generally susceptible. It is high in children and young people, and meat food was the main suspicious exposure food. We should continue to improve the ability of active monitoring, identification, early warning and control of foodborne diseases, so as to reduce the occurrence of foodborne diseases.
ABSTRACT
Objective@#To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of foodborne disease outbreaks in Shaoxing City, Zhejiang Province, from 2012 to 2022, so as to provide the evidence for improving the foodborne disease control strategy. @*Methods@#Foodborne disease outbreaks in Shaoxing City from 2012 to 2022 were collected from National Foodborne Disease Outbreak Monitoring System in China, including populations, places of outbreak, pathogenic factors and suspected foods. The temporal distribution, regional distribution, distribution of outbreak places and pathogenic factors of foodborne disease outbreaks were descriptively analyzed.@*Results@#A total of 89 foodborne disease outbreaks were reported in Shaoxing City from 2012 to 2022, covering totally 699 patients, with an average annual attack rate of 6.35%. The outbreak peaked during the period between June and October (73 outbreaks, 82.02%), and family was the predominant place of outbreak (41 outbreaks, 46.07%). There were 83 outbreaks with known pathogenic factors, including 51 outbreaks caused by microbial factors, with Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Salmonella and norovirus as predominant pathogens, and 29 outbreaks caused by fungi and their toxins, which were all poisonous mushrooms poisoning, resulting in 2 deaths. In addition, there were 3 outbreaks caused by chemical factors. @*Conclusions@#The outbreak of foodborne diseases predominantly occurred in summer and autumn in Shaoxing City from 2012 to 2022. Family was the predominant place of outbreak, and toxic mushroom poisoning was the most lethal pathogenic factor.
ABSTRACT
Objective@#To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of hepatitis A and hepatitis E in Jiaxing City, Zhejiang Province from 2005 to 2021, so as to provide insights into prevention and control of hepatitis A and hepatitis E.@*Methods@#Data of hepatitis A and hepatitis E reported in Jiaxing City from 2005 to 2021 were collected from the Chinese Disease Prevention and Control Information System. The temporal, spatial and population distribution of hepatitis A and hepatitis E were analyzed using a descriptive epidemiological method, and the trends in incidence of hepatitis A and hepatitis E were evaluated using annual percent change (APC). @*Results@# Totally 1 830 hepatitis A cases were reported in Jiaxing City from 2005 to 2021, with an annual average incidence of 2.44/105, and 2 deaths were reported, with a fatality rate of 0.11%. The incidence of hepatitis A appeared a tendency towards a decline from 2005 to 2012 (APC=-37.807%, P<0.05) and was relatively stable from 2012 to 2021 (APC=-1.277%, P>0.05), and the incidence peaked from July to September, with a monthly average incidence of 0.30/105. Higher annual average incidence of hepatitis A was seen in urban areas than in rural areas (3.91/105 vs. 1.92/105; P<0.05), among people at ages of 30 to 39 years (4.19/105), and among men than among women (3.00/105 vs. 1.93/105; P<0.05). Farmers were the predominant occupation (759 cases, 41.31%). Totally 2 176 hepatitis E cases were reported in Jiaxing City from 2005 to 2021, with an annual average incidence of 2.91/105, and 7 deaths were reported, with a fatality rate of 0.32%. The incidence of hepatitis E was relatively stable from 2005 to 2011 (APC=3.421%, P>0.05) and appeared a tendency towards a decline from 2011 to 2021 (APC=-4.294%, P<0.05), and the incidence peaked from January to March, with a monthly average incidence of 0.38/105. Higher annual average incidence of hepatitis E was seen in urban areas than in rural areas (3.50/105 vs. 2.70/105; P<0.05), among people at ages of 70 to 79 years (6.20/105), and among men than among women (3.74/105 vs. 2.05/105; P<0.05). Farmers were the predominant occupation (1 079 cases, 49.59%).@*Conclusions@#The incidence of hepatitis A and hepatitis E appeared a tendency towards a decline in Jiaxing City from 2005 to 2021. The incidence of hepatitis A was high in summer, and cases were mainly males, young and middle-aged people and farmers. The incidence of hepatitis E was high in winter, and cases were mainly males, elderly people and farmers.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE@#To clarify the epidemiological characteristics and spatial distribution patterns of human norovirus outbreaks in China, identify high-risk areas, and provide guidance for epidemic prevention and control.@*METHODS@#This study analyzed 964 human norovirus outbreaks involving 50,548 cases in 26 provinces reported from 2012 to 2018. Epidemiological analysis and spatiotemporal scanning analysis were conducted to analyze the distribution of norovirus outbreaks in China.@*RESULTS@#The outbreaks showed typical seasonality, with more outbreaks in winter and fewer in summer, and the total number of infected cases increased over time. Schools, especially middle schools and primary schools, are the most common settings of norovirus outbreaks, with the major transmission route being life contact. More outbreaks occurred in southeast coastal areas in China and showed significant spatial aggregation. The highly clustered areas of norovirus outbreaks have expanded northeast over time.@*CONCLUSION@#By identifying the epidemiological characteristics and high-risk areas of norovirus outbreaks, this study provides important scientific support for the development of preventive and control measures for norovirus outbreaks, which is conducive to the administrative management of high-risk settings and reduction of disease burden in susceptible areas.
Subject(s)
Humans , Gastroenteritis/epidemiology , Norovirus , Caliciviridae Infections/epidemiology , Disease Outbreaks , China/epidemiology , GenotypeABSTRACT
Objective To study the prevalence of diabetic nephropathy (DN) and the relationship between dietary pattern and risk. Methods From August 2018 to May 2021, 655 T2DM patients in Wuhan Puren Hospital, including 338 males and 317 females, were divided into T2DM group (n=368 cases) and DN group (n=287 cases) according to whether patients had DN. The uniformly trained staff of our hospital used the simplified version of food intake frequency questionnaire designed for diabetes to investigate the reasonable dietary intake of patients in nearly one year. Clinical data of patients in the two groups were collected and the intake of protein, fat, carbohydrate and dietary fiber in the two groups was statistically analyzed. Logistics regression was used to analyze the formula independent risk factors of DN in T2DM, and Pearson correlation analysis was performed on the incidence of diabetic nephropathy and dietary pattern. Results Among of 655 T2DM patients, there were 287 (43.82%) patients with DN, including 149 males and 138 females. The average age, duration of diabetes, smoking in DN group were significantly higher than those in T2DM group (P0.05). Energy, protein intake, carbohydrate and fat intake in DN group were significantly higher than those in T2DM group (P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that protein, carbohydrate and fat intake were independent risk factors for DEVELOPING DN in T2DM patients (P<0.05). According to Pearson correlation analysis, the risk of developing DN in T2DM patients was positively correlated with protein and fat intake (r=0.449 , 0.517, P<0.05). Conclusion PATIENTS with T2DM have a higher risk of DEVELOPING DN, which is closely related to dietary intake. Reasonable allocation of dietary intake can reduce the risk of developing DN.
ABSTRACT
Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of AR and its correlation with serum IFN-γ and IL-4 levels in Bazhong City, and to provide theoretical basis for clinical prevention and treatment of AR. Methods Adopt the method of multistage stratified random survey from January 2019 to January 2020 bazhong 3 armour hospital otolaryngology seeing a doctor , with face to face questionnaire survey form the people generally, AR number of statistics, the main clinical symptoms and related symptoms, AR merger disease situation, according to the illness severity was divided into mild and moderately severe group, Five mL of elbow venous blood was extracted from AR patients, and 22 kinds of allergens were determined by using the allergen-specific IgE antibody detection kit (western blot). Serum IFN-γ and IL-4 levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Pearson correlation analysis was performed on serum IFN-γ and IL-4 levels and severity of allergic rhinitis. Results Among 1 243 patients who completed the questionnaire, the prevalence of AR was 275 (22.12%). There was significant difference in the prevalence of AR among different age groups (χ2=6.809 , P2=7.914 , P<0.0) and the prevalence of AR in workers was the highest (26.48%). Among 275 AR patients in Bazhong City, 153 cases (55.64%) had seasonal allergic rhinitis and 122 cases (44.36%) had perennial allergic rhinitis. The main clinical symptoms of AR patients were sneezing in 234 cases (85.09%) and nasal obstruction in 197 cases (71.64%). AR combined with bronchial asthma in 59 cases (21.45%), conjunctivitis in 28 cases (10.18%); the peak of AR incidence was mainly in July. Among 22 allergens, dust mite was the most common allergen in 139 cases (50.55%), followed by penicillin in 56 cases (20.36%). The main inducing factors were pollen 112 cases (40.73%) and cold 98 cases (35.64%). According to the severity of the disease, they were divided into mild group (n=178) and moderate to severe group (n=97). The serum IL-4 level in moderate and severe groups was significantly higher than that in mild group (P<0.05). The serum IFN-γ level in moderate and severe groups was significantly lower than that in mild group (P<0.05). Pearson correlation analysis showed that il-4 level was positively correlated with disease severity (r=0.492, P<0.05). IFN-γ was negatively correlated with the severity of the disease (r=-0.459, P<0.05). Conclusion The prevalence of AR is high in Bazhong city, and the main clinical symptom is sneezing. Among the complications, bronchial asthma is the most common. Colds and weather changes are the main factors causing AR.
ABSTRACT
Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics and psychological factors of senile arrhythmia in Xining area, and provide theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of senile arrhythmia. Methods A total of 518 elderly patients treated in the department of Cardiology in Xining area from June 2018 to June 2020 were selected and divided into control group (without arrhythmia) and study group (with arrhythmia) according to whether the patients were complicated with arrhythmia. All subjects underwent 24h electrocardiographic monitoring to record heart rate, heart rate lead electrocardiogram and 24h dynamic electrocardiogram examination. Refer to the patient's medical records for general information, including age, gender, coronary heart disease, hypertension, etc.; Psychological factors such as depression, anxiety, sleep and quality of life were analyzed. The correlation between PSQI score, HAMA-14 score, HAMD-17 score and arrhythmia was analyzed by Pearson correlation analysis. Results Among 518 patients, 305 (58.89%) were complicated with arrhythmia, including 155 males and 150 females, with an average age of 76.15±3.79. Atrial arrhythmia accounted for 38.36% (117/305), sinus tachycardia accounted for 28.52% (87/305). Ventricular arrhythmias accounted for 11.48% (35/305); The incidence of arrhythmia in 70-79 year olds was significantly higher than that in 60-69 year olds (χ2=8.358 , P2=6.801, P2=1.534, P>0.05). The incidence of arrhythmia was significantly higher in patients with hypertension and coronary heart disease (χ2=16.401, χ2=9.772 , P<0.05). There were significant differences in PSQI score, HAMA-14 score, HAMD-17 score between the two groups (P<0.05). Pearson correlation analysis showed that PSQI score, HAMD-14 score and HAMD-17 score were positively correlated with the occurrence of arrhythmia in the elderly population in Xining area, with correlation coefficients r=0.417 , 0.607 , 0.653 (P<0.05). Conclusion The incidence of arrhythmia increases in the elderly population in Xining area, mainly in the rural elderly population, which is associated with depression and anxiety and sleep disorders and other psychological factors. Early detection and early intervention can improve the response to treatment and accessibility.