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1.
Rev. medica electron ; 45(4)ago. 2023.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1515372

ABSTRACT

Introducción: La diabetes mellitus constituye una enfermedad de elevada morbilidad y mortalidad. Objetivo: Caracterizar clínica y epidemiológicamente la diabetes mellitus tipo 2 y el uso de la microalbuminuria en el daño renal precoz. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio transversal mediante una muestra no probabilística de 94 pacientes, en un universo de 187 enfermos con diabetes mellitus 2, en el Servicio de Medicina Interna del Hospital Clínico Quirúrgico Docente Amalia Simoni, de Camagüey. El mismo tuvo lugar entre enero de 2020 y enero de 2021. Se analizaron variables como edad, sexo, hábitos tóxicos, estado nutricional, tiempo de evolución de la diabetes, comorbilidades, valor de la microalbuminuria y su relación con el tiempo de evolución de la enfermedad. Para el procesamiento de los datos se empleó el programa estadístico SPSS 19.0. Resultados: Prevalecieron el grupo de 60 años y más, el sexo femenino, el tabaquismo como hábito tóxico, y el sobrepeso. Según el tiempo de evolución de la enfermedad, prevaleció el rango de 6 a 10 años. Las comorbilidades principales fueron la hipertensión arterial y la cardiopatía isquémica. La relación entre el tiempo de evolución de la enfermedad y la aparición de microalbuminuria patológica, demostró la utilidad de esta en la detección del daño renal precoz en pacientes con 6 a 10 años de evolución. Conclusiones: Se demostró el papel de la microalbuminuria en la detección del daño renal precoz en pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2.


Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is a disease with high morbidity and mortality. Objective: To characterize clinically and epidemiologically type 2 diabetes mellitus and the use of microalbuminuria in early kidney damage. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out using a non-probabilistic sample of 94 patients from a universe of 187 patients with type2 diabetes mellitus treated in the Internal Medicine Service of the Teaching Clinical-Surgery Hospital "Amalia Simoni", of Camagüey. It was conducted between January 2020 and January 2021. Variables such as age, sex, toxic habits, nutritional status, time of evolution of diabetes, comorbidities; value of albuminuria and its relationship with the time of evolution of the disease were analyzed. The SPSS 19.0 statistical program was used for data processing. Results: The age group of 60 years old and over, female sex, smoking as a toxic habit, and overweight prevailed. According to the time of evolution of the disease, the range of 6 to 10 years prevailed. The main comorbidities were arterial hypertension and ischemic heart disease. The relationship between the time of evolution of the disease and the appearance of pathological microalbuminuria demonstrated its usefulness in the detection of early kidney damage in patients with 6 to 10 years of evolution. Conclusions: The role of microalbuminuria in the detection of early kidney damage in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus was demonstrated.

2.
Rev. cuba. reumatol ; 23(3)dic. 2021.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-1409175

ABSTRACT

Introducción: La enfermedad renal crónica es uno de los grandes retos para los profesionales de la salud; constituye un problema que causa discapacidad funcional, disminución de la calidad de vida y elevados costos a los sistemas sanitarios. Objetivo: Determinar el nivel de conocimiento sobre la enfermedad renal crónica de los pacientes atendidos en el Hospital Provincial General Docente de Riobamba, sus familiares y el personal de enfermería. Métodos: Investigación básica, no experimental, descriptiva, de corte transversal y con enfoque mixto. El universo estuvo constituido por 96 pacientes con diagnóstico de enfermedad renal crónica y la muestra quedó conformada por un total de 78 pacientes. Igualmente se investigaron 78 familiares y 40 profesionales de enfermería que atienden pacientes con esta enfermedad. Se aplicaron cuestionarios para identificar características clínicas y nivel de conocimiento sobre el manejo de la enfermedad en las personas participantes en el estudio. Resultados: Existe un porciento elevado de pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica inferior a 40 años (15,38 por ciento). La totalidad de los familiares y del personal de enfermería no han recibido cursos de capacitación sobre el manejo de la enfermedad. Conclusiones: Existe un nivel de conocimiento medio en el personal de enfermería y bajo en los pacientes y sus familiares en relación con el manejo de pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica. Se necesita realizar actividades de capacitación orientadas a cada uno de los grupos de personas incluidas en el estudio(AU)


Introduction: Chronic kidney disease is one of the great challenges for health professionals; it constitutes a health problem that generates functional disability, decreased quality of life and high costs to health systems. Objective: To determine the level of knowledge about chronic kidney disease in patients treated at the Riobamba Provincial General Teaching Hospital, their families and the nursing staff. Methodology: A basic, non-experimental, descriptive, cross-sectional research with a mixed approach was developed. The universe consisted of 96 patients with a diagnosis of chronic kidney disease and the sample was made up of a total of 78 patients. Likewise, 78 family members and 40 nursing professionals who care for patients with this disease were investigated. Questionnaires were applied to identify clinical characteristics and level of knowledge about the management of the disease in the people participating in the study. Results: There is a high percentage of patients with chronic kidney disease less than 40 years old (15.38 percent). All the family members and the nursing staff have not received training courses on disease management. Conclusions: There is a medium level of knowledge in the nursing staff and low in the patients and their families in relation to the management of patients with chronic kidney disease. Training activities aimed at each of the groups of people included in the study need to be carried out(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Cross-Sectional Studies
3.
Rev. cuba. oftalmol ; 33(3): e898, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-1139088

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN Objetivos: Identificar los factores epidemiológicos, sistémicos y oculares de las oclusiones venosas retinianas. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo, transversal y prospectivo de los casos nuevos de oclusiones venosas retinianas que acudieron al Cuerpo de Guardia del Instituto Cubano de Oftalmología "Ramón Pando Ferrer", durante el período de marzo del año 2017 a marzo de 2018. Se estudiaron las variables epidemiológicas, los antecedentes patológicos sistémicos y los oculares. Los resultados se expresaron en frecuencias absolutas y relativas (variables cualitativas) y se calculó la media y la desviación estándar en las cuantitativas. Resultados: En el período se estudiaron 50 ojos de 50 pacientes diagnosticados con oclusión venosa retiniana. La edad promedio fue de 66 años (9,5 desviación estándar). Prevaleció la raza blanca (44 por ciento), sin predilección por sexo. Fueron más frecuentes la oclusión de la vena central de la retina (60 por ciento) y las formas no isquémicas de daño vascular (78 por ciento), así como la hipertensión arterial (78 por ciento), la obesidad (36 por ciento) y la diabetes mellitus (34 por ciento) como factores de riesgo sistémicos asociados, y el glaucoma crónico (24 por ciento) como factor ocular. Conclusiones: Las oclusiones venosas retinianas se presentan en edades avanzadas y asociadas a factores de riesgo sistémicos y oculares(AU)


ABSTRACT Objectives: Identify the epidemiological, systemic and ocular factors associated to retinal vein occlusion. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional observational prospective study was conducted of the new cases of retinal vein occlusion presenting at the Emergency Service of Ramón Pando Ferrer Cuban Institute of Ophthalmology from March 2017 to March 2018. Analysis was performed of epidemiological variables and systemic and ocular pathological antecedents. Results were expressed as absolute and relative frequencies (qualitative variables), whereas quantitative variables underwent mean and standard deviation estimation. Results: Fifty eyes of 50 patients diagnosed with retinal vein occlusion were studied in the period. Mean age was 66 years (9.5 standard deviation). White skin color prevailed (44 percent) with no sex predominance. The most common disorders were central vein retinal occlusion (60 percent) and non-ischemic forms of vascular damage (78 percent), as well as arterial hypertension (78 percent), obesity (36 percent) and diabetes mellitus (34 percent) as associated systemic risk factors, and chronic glaucoma (24 percent) as an ocular factor. Conclusions: Retinal vein occlusion presents at advanced ages and is associated to systemic and ocular risk factors(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Retinal Vein Occlusion/diagnosis , Epidemiologic Factors , Prospective Studies , Risk Factors , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Cross-Sectional Studies , Observational Studies as Topic
4.
Rev. cuba. oftalmol ; 31(1)ene.-mar. 2018.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-1508339

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: estudiar en nuestro entorno la prevalencia de la enfermedad vascular retiniana y su caracterización clínica y epidemiológica. Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo, longitudinal y prospectivo en una consulta del Servicio de Vítreo-Retina del Instituto Cubano de Oftalmología "Ramón Pando Ferrer", durante el período de enero del año 2015 a noviembre de 2016. Se caracterizaron los aspectos clínicos y epidemiológicos en 52 ojos de 49 pacientes diagnosticados con oclusión venosa retiniana. Resultados: en la serie predominaron los grupos etarios mayores de 55 años, la raza blanca y no hubo predilección por sexo. Fueron más frecuentes la oclusión de la vena central de la retina, las formas isquémicas de daño vascular, la hipertensión arterial, la diabetes mellitus y el glaucoma de ángulo abierto como factores de riesgo asociados. El edema macular secundario a oclusión venosa retiniana fue la principal complicación. Conclusión: las afecciones sistémicas, como la hipertensión arterial, la diabetes mellitus, la hipercolesterolemia, el accidente cerebrovascular, la hiperviscosidad sanguínea y la trombofilia son fundamentales en el desarrollo de dicha afección vascular, así como los factores de riesgo oftálmicos como la hipertensión ocular, el glaucoma, la presión de perfusión ocular disminuida, los cambios adquiridos en las arterias retinales y los hábitos tóxicos relevantes(AU)


Objective: review and study the prevalence of retinal vascular disease in our environment and its clinical and epidemiological characterization. Methods: a prospective, longitudinal descriptive study was conducted at a consultation office of the Vitreous-Retina Service of Ramón Pando Ferrer Cuban Institute of Ophthalmology from January 2015 to November 2016. Clinical and epidemiological characterization was performed of 52 eyes of 49 patients diagnosed with retinal vein occlusion. Results: in the series there was a predominance of the over-55-years age groups and the white race. Neither sex prevailed. The most frequent disorders were central retinal vein occlusion, ischemic forms of vascular damage, arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus and open angle glaucoma as associated risk factors. The main complication was macular edema secondary to retinal vein occlusion. Conclusion: systemic disorders such as arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolemia, cerebrovascular accident, blood hyperviscosity and thrombophilia, are crucial to the development of the study vascular condition, alongside ophthalmic risk factors such as ocular hypertension, glaucoma, reduced ocular perfusion pressure, acquired changes in retinal arteries, and relevant toxic habits(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Retinal Vein Occlusion/epidemiology
5.
Biociencias ; 13(1): [17-30], 2018. graf, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-969991

ABSTRACT

La cirrosis hepática es una de las enfermedades con mayor prevalencia y mortalidad en la población mundial; cuyas etiologías más importantes son de tipo alcohólica, virus de la hepatitis B y C, y esteatosis hepática no alcohólica; la caracterización epidemiológica y clínica, es fundamental para conocer la casuística actual del problema.Se presenta un estudio descriptivo trasversal retrospectivo, con el objetivo de caracterizar epidemiológicamente y clínicamente a los pacientes con diagnóstico de cirrosis hepática en un centro regional del Caribe Colombiano, que reciben atención en la Unidad de Gastroenterología y hepatología de la Clínica General del Norte, durante el periodo enero de 2012 a marzo de 2017.Se concluye que la etiología por virus de hepatitis C es la de mayor prevalencia en el medio local, le siguen en frecuencia el hígado graso no alcohólico, la hepatitis autoinmune, la cirrosis biliar primaria, el alcohol, viral hepatitis B y otras etiologías


Liver cirrhosis is one of the diseases with the highest prevalence and mortality in the world population; whose most important etiologies are of alcoholic type, hepatitis B and C viruses, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; The epidemiological and clinical characterization is fundamental to know the current casuistry of the problem. We present a retrospective cross-sectional descriptive study, with the objective of characterizing epidemiologically and clinically patients diagnosed with liver cirrhosis in a regional center of the Colombian Caribbean, who receive attention in the Gastroenterology and Hepatology Unit of the General Clinic of the North, during the period from January 2012 to March 2017. It is concluded that the etiology due to hepatitis C virus is the most prevalent in the local environment, followed in frequency by non-alcoholic fatty liver, autoimmune hepatitis, primary biliary cirrhosis, alcohol, viral hepatitis B and other etiologies


Subject(s)
Humans , Hepatitis C , Hepatitis B Antibodies , Liver Cirrhosis
6.
Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives ; (6): 325-331, 2017.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-644319

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: Studies on Clostridium difficile are rare in Korea. We investigated the epidemiological characteristics of C. difficile isolates from patients with C. difficile-associated disease (CDAD) in Korea. METHODS: Multiplex polymerase chain reaction was performed to detect the presence of tcdA and tcdB toxin genes. Antimicrobial susceptibility test was carried out by the disk-dilution method. C. difficile strains were subtyped by automated repetitive-element palindromic PCR (rep-PCR). RESULTS: Among patients with CDAD, 73 (25.8%), 32 (11.3%), 32 (11.3%), and 26 (9.2%) suffered from pneumonia, cancer or neoplasm, diabetes, and colitis, respectively. Of all stool samples, 43 samples (15.2%) were positive for C. difficile strains. We observed two expression patterns of toxin genes: tcdA+/tcdB+ (86% isolates) and tcdA−/tcdB+ (14% isolates), with all isolates expressing tcdB. Furthermore, some isolates were resistant to clindamycin (65%), ampicillin (56%), and cefazolin (40%), but all were susceptible to vancomycin and metronidazole. The tested samples were classified into diverse clusters using automated rep-PCR. CONCLUSION: Our findings revealed the characteristics and antibiotic resistance of C. difficile isolates from patients in Korea. The epidemiological data may provide valuable insight into development of treatment strategies for C. difficile infections in Korea.


Subject(s)
Humans , Ampicillin , Cefazolin , Clindamycin , Clostridioides difficile , Clostridium , Colitis , Drug Resistance, Microbial , Korea , Methods , Metronidazole , Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction , Pneumonia , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Vancomycin
7.
Chinese Journal of Primary Medicine and Pharmacy ; (12): 2905-2906,2907, 2015.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-602558

ABSTRACT

Objective To reveal the epidemiological characterization of brucellosis in Shanxi province in recent years.Methods Retrospective investigation was made from the 105 diagnosed brucellosis cases in the first hospital affiliated to Shanxi medical university during 2013.1 ~2015.3.Results Peasants accounted for 89.52%and urban residents was 10.48% in 105 cases;male was the majority.Most cases were seen in late summer and early autumn.88.57% of the cases had clear history of epidemiology,and only 16.85% of those who got close contact with livestock took uncomplicated preventive measures.Conclusion Transmission mode of brucellosis has greatly changed in Shanxi province in recent years.Infected cases have increased year by year,and incidence ratio in urban residents is rising.Extensive breakout is replacing by fragmented scattering point.

8.
Rev. cuba. pediatr ; 84(4): 333-344, oct.-dic. 2012.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-660180

ABSTRACT

Introducción: la catarata de cualquier etiología es la una de las causas más importantes de ceguera tratable en los niños. Objetivos: caracterizar, desde los puntos de vista clínico y epidemiológico, la catarata congénita e infantil. Métodos: se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo y retrospectivo en el Hospital Pediátrico "William Soler", entre enero de 2004 y junio de 2006. Se analizaron las variables: edad, sexo, procedencia, vía de captación, síntomas, factores de riesgo, localización, etiología probable y lateralidad de la catarata, alteraciones oculares asociadas y visión posquirúrgica. Los resultados se expresaron en media y porcentaje. Resultados: la edad promedio fue de 4,9 años y para menores de 1 año de 6,6 meses. Predominaron los varones (60,32 %), los pacientes de La Habana (25,4 %), la remisión médica como vía de captación (71,43 %), la leucocoria (30,15 %), la presencia de anomalías congénitas múltiples (34,92 %), la localización central de la catarata (44,44 %), la causa idiopática (41,27 %) y la bilateralidad (66,67 %). El 34,92 % de los pacientes tenía asociada otra anomalía ocular, y el 59,04 % de los ojos operados alcanzaron visión entre 0,7 y 1,0. Conclusiones: en la serie analizada predominaron los lactantes menores de 2 meses y los varones, los pacientes de La Habana, la remisión médica, la leucocoria y las anomalías congénitas múltiples asociadas, la localización central y la posible etiología; en las bilaterales, el origen hereditario; y en las unilaterales, la causa desconocida. La mejoría visual posquirúrgica fue mayor a medida que disminuyó la edad del paciente al momento de realizar la cirugía.


Introduction: cataract of any etiology is one of the most important causes of treatable blindness in children. Objectives: to clinically and epidemiologically characterize the congenital and infantile cataract. Methods: a retrospective, observational and descriptive study was carried out in "William Soler" pediatric hospital from January 2004 to June 2006. The following variables were analyzed; age, sex, origin, way of detection, symptoms, risk factors, location, likely etiology and laterality of cataract, associated eye disturbances and post-surgical vision. The results were given as means and percentages. Results: the average age was 4.9 years, but for those children under one year old, it was 6.6 months. Males (60.25 %), patients from La Habana province (25.4 %), medical referral as the way of detection (71.43 %), leukocoria (30.15 %), multiple congenital anomalies (34.92 %), central location of cataract (44.44 %), the idiopathic cause (41.27 %) and bilateral cataract (66.67 %) were all predominant. Another kind of associated ocular anomaly was found in 34.92 % of patients whereas 59.04 % of operated eyes reached 0.7-1.0 vision. Conclusions: in the analyzed series, under 2 months children, males, patients from La Habana province, medical referral, leukocoria and associated multiple congenital anomalies, the central location of cataract were prevalent; the possible etiology of bilateral cataract was hereditary origin whereas the cause of unilateral cataract was unknown. The post-surgical visual improvement was greater as the patient's age was younger at the time of surgery.

9.
Braz. j. med. biol. res ; 45(2): 104-112, Feb. 2012. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-614579

ABSTRACT

Few studies have reported the molecular epidemiological characterization of HIV-1 in the Northern region of Brazil. The present study reports the molecular and epidemiological characterization of 31 HIV-1 isolates from blood donors from the State of Amazonas who donated blood between April 2006 and March 2007. Serum/plasma samples from all donors were screened for HIV antibodies by ELISA and the results confirmed by Western blot analysis. Genomic DNA was extracted from the buffy coat using the Super Quik-Gene-DNA Isolation kit. Nested PCR was performed on the env, gag, and pol regions of HIV-1 using the Gene Amp PCR System 9700. Sequencing reactions were performed using the inner PCR primers and the DYEnamic™ ET Dye Terminator Kit, and phylogenetic analysis was performed using the gag, pol, and env gene sequences. We collected samples from 31 blood donors who tested positive for HIV-1 in confirmatory experiments. The male:female ratio of blood donors was 3.4:1, and the mean age was 32.4 years (range: 19 to 61 years). Phylogenetic analysis showed that subtype B is the most prevalent among Northern Brazilian HIV-1-seropositive blood donors. One HIV-1 subtype C and one circulating recombinant form (CRF_BF) of HIV-1 were identified in the State of Amazonas. This is the first study showing the occurrence of a possible "homogenous" subtype C in this region of Brazil. This finding could contribute to a better characterization of the HIV-1 strains that circulate in the country.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Blood Donors , HIV Infections/virology , HIV-1 , Base Sequence , Blotting, Western , Brazil/epidemiology , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Genes, env/genetics , Genes, gag/genetics , Genes, pol/genetics , HIV Infections/epidemiology , HIV-1 , Molecular Sequence Data , Phylogeny , Polymerase Chain Reaction
10.
Rev. Fac. Odontol. Univ. Antioq ; 22(1): 81-87, dic. 2010. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-575822

ABSTRACT

Introduction: the objective of this study was to make a clinical and epidemiological characterization of the patients with cleft lip and/or palate (CLP) who consulted at the Children’s Hospital Clínica Noel Foundation of Medellín, Colombia, South America, between 1985 and 2003. Methods: 919 clinical records were evaluated for a descriptive, longitudinal, retrospective study. A univariate statistical analysis was used for the qualitative variables, and descriptive measures for the quantitative ones. A two-variate statistical analysis was performed in order to determine the association among the qualitative variables with a significance level of 5%. Results: 50.3% of the cases were classified as unilateral and 19.8% as bilateral. Among the unilateral ones, 59.0% were located at the left side and 41.3% at the right side. 3.4% presented cleft lip, 12.4% presented cleft palate, and 12.8% presented cleft soft palate. 1.2% of the sample did not present pathology classification. In terms of gender, males represented 48.0% and females 38.1%; no data was found in 13.9% of the cases. Concerning location, 87.3% of the patients came from the State of Antioquia. As for age at the time of admission to the institution, 44.3% of the children were less than thirty days old. Most parents were between nineteen and thirty years old. Most medical records did not show reports on the father or mother’s family history, diseases during pregnancy or tobacco and alcohol consumption during pregnancy. Conclusions: this study evaluated the clinical records used at the Clínica Noel Foundation. As a result, we recommend to homogenize the professionals who fill in the records and to standardize the instruments in order to generate reliable databases for future research.


Introducción: el objetivo de este estudio consistió en caracterizar clínica y epidemiológicamente pacientes con labio y/o paladar hendido (LPH) que consultaron el Hospital Infantil Clínica Noel de Medellín, Colombia, entre 1985 y 2003. Métodos: se evaluaron 919 historias clínicas, para un estudio de tipo descriptivo, longitudinal y retrospectivo. Se realizó un análisis univariado para las variables cualitativas, y medidas descriptivas para las variables cuantitativas. Se realizó análisis bivariado para determinar la asociación entre las variables cualitativas con un nivel de significancia del 5%. Resultados: 50,3% de los casos fueron clasificados como unilaterales y 19,8% como bilaterales. Dentro de los unilaterales, el 59,0% se presentaron al lado izquierdo y el 41,3% al lado derecho. El 3,4% presentó labio hendido, el 12,4% presentó paladar duro hendido, y el 12,8% presentó paladar blando hendido. El 1,2% de la muestra no incluía clasificación de la patología. En cuanto al sexo, los hombres representaron 48,0% y las mujeres 38,1%; no se encontraron datos en el 13,9%. El 87,3% de los pacientes provenían del departamento de Antioquia. La edad predominante de ingreso a la Fundación fue antes de treinta días de nacido. La mayoría delos padres estaban entre diecinueve y 30 años de edad. La mayoría de las historias clínicas no tenían reporte acerca de historia familiar de la madre y el padre, enfermedades sufridas durante el embarazo o consumo de cigarrillo y bebidas alcohólicas durante el embarazo. Conclusiones: este estudio permitió evaluar la historia clínica usada en la Fundación Clínica Noel. Se sugiere calibrar los profesionales que diligencian los registros, y estandarizar los instrumentos para generar una base de datos confiable para futuras investigaciones.


Subject(s)
Humans , Cleft Palate
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