Epidemiological indicators and predictors of lethality associated with fungal infections in a NICU: a historical series

Abstract Objectives: Fungal infections (FI) pose a public health concern and significantly increase mortality rates, especially within Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICU). Thus, this study aimed to investigate epidemiological indicators, risk factors, and lethality predictors associated with FI in a NICU. Methods: This study included 1,510 neonates admitted to the NICU of a reference hospital in Brazil between 2015 and 2022. Demographic data, such as sex, birth weight, gestational age, and use of invasive devices were analyzed. Results: Thirty neonates developed invasive FI, totaling 33 episodes and an incidence of 1.2 per 1,000 patient days. Candida albicans was the most frequent species (52.9 %), the bloodstream was the most affected site (78.9 %), and 72.7 % of infections occurred between 2015 and 2018. The lethality rate associated with FI was 33.3 %, and 90 % of deaths occurred within 30 days of diagnosis of infection. Weight < 750 g, prolonged hospital stay, use of parenteral nutrition, and broad-spectrum antimicrobials were independent risk factors for infection occurrence, especially glycopeptides and 4th generation cephalosporins, having a considerable role in the increase in fungal infections. Weight < 750 g was considered a significant predictor of lethality, and C. albicans had the highest lethality rate (40 %). Conclusion: These findings highlight the elevated lethality rate associated with these infections, reinforcing the importance of developing strategies to control FI within NICU.

Evaluation of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome surveillance caused by respiratory viruses in a pediatric unit, 2013 to 2019 / Avaliação da vigilância da Síndrome Respiratória Aguda Grave causada por vírus respiratórios em uma unidade pediátrica, 2013 a 2019

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate severe acute respiratory syndrome surveillance in a pediatric unit. Methods: Descriptive study of reported severe acute respiratory syndrome cases with the detection of respiratory viruses in the nasopharyngeal sample of patients hospitalized between 2013 and 2019, in a reference hospital in the Federal District, Brazil. Results: A total of 269 children had one or more viruses detected, resulting in 280 viruses, of which 152 (54%) were respiratory syncytial virus. The detection of respiratory syncytial virus was higher during the autumn-winter period. Children´s median age was 6.9 months, 156 (58%) were male, 104 (39%) had comorbidity, 197 (73%) required mechanical ventilation, 241 (90%) received antibiotics, and 146 (54%) oseltamivir. There were 19 (7%) deaths. The median time from symptom onset to sample collection was 5 days and the median time from sample collection to final results was 6 days. Conclusions: The system needs to reduce the time to deliver results so that inappropriate use of antibiotics and antivirals can be avoided. Moreover, the burden of viral pneumonia was relevant and the system must be flexible enough to include emerging viruses in order to be useful in responding to public health emergencies caused by respiratory viruses.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar a vigilância da síndrome respiratória aguda grave em uma unidade pediátrica. Métodos: Estudo descritivo dos casos de síndrome respiratória aguda grave, notificados e com a detecção de vírus respiratório em amostra de nasofaringe de pacientes internados entre 2013 e 2019, em um hospital de referência do Distrito Federal. Resultados: Um total de 269 crianças tiveram algum vírus detectado, resultando em 280 vírus, sendo 152 (54%) vírus sincicial respiratório. A detecção do vírus sincicial respiratório foi maior durante o período de outono-inverno. A mediana da idade das crianças foi de 6,9 meses, 156 (58%) eram do sexo masculino, 104 (39%) tinham comorbidade, 197 (73%) necessitaram de ventilação mecânica, 241 (90%) receberam antibióticos e 146 (54%) oseltamivir. Ocorreram 19 (7%) óbitos. A mediana do tempo desde o início dos sintomas até a coleta da amostra foi de 5 dias, e do tempo da coleta até o resultado foi de 6 dias. Conclusões: O sistema necessita reduzir o tempo do resultado final para que seja possível evitar o uso inadequado de antibióticos e antivirais. Ademais, o impacto das pneumonias virais foi relevante e o sistema deve ser flexível suficiente para incluir vírus emergentes, para ser útil na resposta às emergências de saúde pública causada por vírus respiratórios.

Análisis FODA: fortalecimiento de la prevención y el control de la tuberculosis en post pandemia de COVID-19, Hospital Muñiz, Buenos Aires / SWOT analysis: strengthening tuberculosis prevention and control in post COVID-19 pandemic, Hospital Muñiz, Buenos Aires

Resumen Introducción : El proyecto de fortalecimiento en Vigi lancia Epidemiológica en Tuberculosis (VET) del Hospital Muñiz, Buenos Aires (Argentina), busca mejorar los re sultados operacionales relacionados en mayor medida al diagnóstico precoz de la enfermedad, estableciendo como objetivo la identificación oportuna de personas enfermas de tuberculosis (TB) que consultan posterior a la pandemia por COVID-19. Métodos : Se realizó un análisis FODA (Fortalezas, Oportunidades, Debilidades, Amenazas): una herramien ta esencial en la planeación estratégica, que proporciona información necesaria para la implementación de accio nes y medidas correctivas, generación de nuevos pro yectos de mejora, donde se evaluó la situación interna de la institución para determinar las FODA presentadas después de la pandemia COVID-19, a fin de desarrollar un fortalecimiento en VET, mediante vigilancia epide miológica de campo. Resultados : Se cuenta con personal capacitado, posi bilidad de diagnóstico precoz y control oportuno, gene rado desde la Unidad Febril de Urgencias. El servicio de guardia presenta adecuado control de la población con TB, que posibilita la coordinación y trabajo en conjunto con otros programas ministeriales. Existe capacidad de respuesta de la institución ante los brotes, epidemias y pandemias. Discusión : La aplicación de este proyecto incorporará una actividad de fortalecimiento en vigilancia epidemio lógica, donde el Hospital Muñiz, mediante el abordaje integral y la identificación de casos nuevos de respuesta a las necesidades de la población con TB. Se proporcio nará así información válida y confiable para la preven ción y control de la TB en la institución después de la pandemia por COVID-19.

Abstract Introduction : The Hospital Muñiz's "Strengthening Epidemiological Surveillance in Tuberculosis (VET) Proj ect" is focused on improving operational outcomes, spe cifically by enhancing early TB diagnosis. Our primary aim is to promptly identify individuals with tuberculo sis (TB) who seek care at our institution following the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods : A SWOT analysis (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats) was carried out. It is an essential tool in strategic planning, which provides information for the implementation of actions and corrective measures in the generation of new improvement projects. The internal situation of the institution was evaluated to determine SWOT after the COVID-19 pandemic, in order to strengthen VET, through field epidemiological surveillance. Results : There are trained personnel, the possibility of early diagnosis and its opportune control generated from the Febrile Emergency Unit. The on-call service has an adequate control of the TB population that enables coordination and joint work with other programs (HIV), response capacity of the institution to outbreaks, epi demics and pandemics. Discussion : The application of this project will in corporate a strengthening activity in epidemiological surveillance, where the Muñiz Hospital, through a com prehensive approach and the identification of new cases, responds to the needs of the local population with TB. This will provide valid and reliable information for the prevention and control of TB in the institution after the COVID-19 pandemic.

Viruela símica: características en población femenina, Buenos Aires, Argentina / Monkeypox: characteristics in female population, Buenos Aires, Argentina

Resumen La viruela símica es una enfermedad viral zoonótica debida a un virus del género Orthopoxvirus. Desde el 1 de enero de 2022, se ha notificado en 110 Estados Miembros de la OMS. Se presenta con fiebre, astenia, linfoadenopatías dolorosas y exantema. Dura entre 2 y 4 semanas. Suele ser autolimitada y se han descrito casos graves en personas inmunocomprometidas. El presente trabajo describe casos de viruela símica en mujeres, diagnosticados entre junio del 2022 y febrero del 2023 Se realizó un estudio observacional retrospectivo en la Uni dad Febril de Urgencias (UFU), revisando casos positivos (RT-PCR) para viruela símica y se seleccionó la población con sexo biológico femenino. Se consultó sobre compli caciones ginecológicas, patrón menstrual, dispareunia y dolor pélvico. Se realizaron 340 consultas por viruela símica, 214 (63%) fueron positivos, 211 casos (99%) de sexo masculino y 3 casos (1%) femeninos. Dentro de estos casos se encuentra una mujer trans, la cual no se incluyó. La edad promedio es de 31 años, inmunocom petentes, con reporte de serologías negativas para HIV, sífilis, hepatitis B y C. Ambos casos mantuvieron relacio nes sexuales sin método de barrera. Los síntomas más frecuentes fueron astenia y lesiones en piel, sobre todo en miembros superiores e inferiores, región perianal y genital. Como factor de riesgo presentaron contacto sexual sin protección. Dentro de los diagnósticos diferenciales, debe tenerse en cuenta otras infecciones de transmisión sexual (ITS). En seguimiento epidemiológico no refirieron complicaciones ginecológicas.

Abstract Monkeypox is a zoonotic viral disease caused by a virus of the genus Orthopoxvirus. As of January 1, 2022, it has been reported in 110 WHO Member States. It presents with fever, fatigue, painful lymphadenopathy, and rash. It lasts between 2 and 4 weeks. It is usually self-limited, but severe cases have been described in immunocompromised people. This study describes cases of monkeypox in women, diagnosed between June 2022 and February 2023, and it reports epidemiology, clinical aspects, and complications after infection. A retrospective observational study was carried out in the Febrile Emergency Unit (UFU), reviewing positive cases (RT-PCR) for monkeypox and the population with female biologi cal sex was selected. They were questioned about gyne cological complications, menstrual pattern, dyspareunia and pelvic pain. 340 consultations for monkeypox were made, 214 (63%) were positive, 211 cases (99%) male and 3 cases (1%) female. Among these cases is a trans woman, who was not included. The average age is 31 years, immunocompetent, with a negative serology report for HIV, syphilis, hepatitis B and C. Both cases had sexual intercourse without a barrier method. The most frequent symptoms are asthenia and skin lesions, especially in the upper and lower limbs, perianal and genital region. As a risk factor they presented unpro tected sexual contact. Within the differential diagnoses, other sexually transmitted infections (STIs) should be considered. There were no gynecological complications reported during follow-up.

Panorama clínico, epidemiológico e espacial da ocorrência de Leishmaniose visceral no estado do Pará, Amazônia brasileira / Clinical, epidemiological and spatial overview of visceral Leishmaniasis in the state of Pará, brazilian amazonia / Panorama clínico, epidemiológico y espacial de la Leishmaniasis visceral en el estado de Pará, amazonia brasileña

Objetivo: Essa pesquisa teve como objetivo determinar o perfil clínico, epidemiológico e espacial daLeishmaniose Visceral, bem como, sua associação com o desmatamento nos municípios pertencentesao 12º centro regional de saúde no Sudeste do Estado do Pará, Brasil de 2016 a 2020. Método: Trata-se de um estudo analítico ecológico, realizado com dados provenientes de 15 municípios do 12º Centro Regional de Saúde, obtidos por meio do banco de dados do Data-SUS-TABNET, através do SINAN. Resultados: Para o período do estudo foram notificados 415 casos de LV nos municípios analisados, o que correspondeu a uma média anual de 83 casos. O ano com maior número de notifi- cações foi 2017, apresentando 34,7%, sendo o município de Redenção com o maior número de casos.Conclusões: Portanto, há necessidade de ampliação das medidas de controle e vigilância da LV, comfoco na notificação de casos, a fim de realizar a obtenção do panorama fidedigno da LV e elaborar estratégias mais assertivas para seu controle e mitigação.

Objective: This research aimed to determine the clinical, epidemiological and spatial profile of Vis- ceral Leishmaniasis, as well as its association with deforestation in the municipalities belonging to the 12th regional health center in the Southeast of Pará State, Brazil from 2016 to 2020. Method: Thisis an ecological analytical study, conducted with data from 15 municipalities of the 12th Regional Health Center, obtained through the Data-SUS-TABNET database, through SINAN. Results: For thestudy period, 415 cases of VL were reported in the analyzed municipalities, corresponding to an an-nual average of 83 cases. The year with the highest number of notifications was 2017, present- ing 34.7%, being the municipality of Redenção with the highest number of cases. Conclu- sion: Therefore,there is a need to expand VL control and surveillance measures, focusing on the notification of casesin order to obtain a reliable picture of VL and develop more assertive strategies for its control and mitigation.

Objetivo: Esta investigación tuvo como objetivo determinar el perfil clínico, epidemiológico y espacial de la Leishmaniasis Visceral, así como su asociación con la deforestación en municipios pertenecientes al 12º Centro Regional de Salud del Sudeste del Estado de Pará, Brasil, de 2016 a 2020. Método: Trata-se de um estudo analítico ecológico, realizado com dados provenientes de 15 municípios do 12º Centro Regional de Saúde, obtidos por meio do banco de dados do Data-SUS-TABNET, através do SINAN. Resultados: Durante el período de estudio, fueron notificados 415 casos de LV en los municipios analizados, correspondiendo a una media anual de 83 casos. El año con mayor número de notificaciones fue 2017, 34,7%, y el municipio de Redenção presentó el mayor número de casos. Conclusiones: Por lo tanto, es necesario ampliar las medidas de control y vigilancia de la LV, centrándose en la notificación de casos con el fin de obtener una imagen fiable de la LV y desarrollar estrategias más asertivas para su control y mitigación.

Resistencia bacteriana a antibióticos en ambientes acuáticos: origen e implicaciones para la salud pública

El alarmante incremento de la resistencia bacteriana a los antibióticos a nivel global ha dilucidado otras fuentes diferentes al hospital y la comunidad, donde el agua ha cobrado gran importancia. El ambiente acuático constituye la fuente y el hábitat natural de un gran número de microorganismos, incluyendo bacterias resistentes a antibióticos; así mismo, se considera uno de los principales receptores de antimicrobianos, bacterias resistentes y genes de resistencia a antibióticos provenientes de las actividades humanas. La contaminación del agua con estos contaminantes emergentes tiene implicaciones serias para la salud humana, relacionadas con la diseminación de la resistencia bacteriana y la emergencia de nuevos mecanismos de resistencia. En esta revisión se brinda una descripción global del papel de los ambientes acuáticos en el problema de la resistencia bacteriana, las principales fuentes de contaminación, además del impacto para la salud pública. Ante este panorama, se establece la necesidad de abordar la problemática de la resistencia bacteriana desde la perspectiva de "una salud", donde a la vigilancia tradicional, enfocada a nivel humano y veterinario, se articule la vigilancia epidemiológica ambiental, principalmente basada en aguas residuales.

The alarming increase in bacterial resistance to antibiotics globally has diluted sources other than the hospital and community, where water has taken on great importance. The aquatic environment is the source and natural habitat of a large number of microorganisms, including antibiotic-resistant bacteria, as well as being considered one of the main receptors for antimicrobials, resistant bacteria and antibiotic resistance genes from human activities. Contamination of water with these emerging contaminants has serious implications for human health related to the spread of bacterial resistance and the emergence of new resistance mechanisms. This review provides a global description of the role of aquatic environments in the problem of bacterial resistance, the main sources of contamination, as well as the impact on Public Health. In this context, the need arises to address the problem of bacterial resistance from the perspective of "one health", where traditional surveillance, focused at the human and veterinary level, is articulated with environmental epidemiological surveillance, mainly in wastewater.

O incremento alarmante da resistência bacteriana aos antibióticos no nível global tem revelado outras fontes diferentes do hospital e da comunidade, em que a água tem ganho grande importância. O ambiente aquático constitui a fonte e o hábitat natural de um grande número de microrganismos, incluindo bactérias resistentes a antibióticos; é considerado, também, um dos principais receptores de antimicrobianos, bactérias resistentes e genes de resistência a antibióticos provindos das atividades humanas. A poluição da água com esses poluentes emergentes tem sérias implicações para a saúde humana, relacionadas com a disseminação da resistência bacteriana e a emergência de novos mecanismos de resistência. Nesta revisão oferece-se uma descrição global do papel dos ambientes aquáticos na situação problemática da resistência bacteriana, as principais fontes de poluição, além do impacto para a saúde pública. Diante desse panorama, determina-se a necessidade de abordar a problemática da resistência bacteriana desde a perspectiva de "uma saúde" em que a vigilância tradicional, focada nos níveis humano e veterinário, esteja articulada com a vigilância epidemiológica ambiental, principalmente baseada em águas residuais.

Effect of school reopening on pediatric morbidity and mortality during the third epidemiological wave of COVID-19 in a Mexican state / Efecto de la reapertura de escuelas en la morbimortalidad pediátrica durante la tercera ola epidemiológica por COVID-19 en un estado mexicano

Abstract Background: Determining the effect of reopening schools on pediatric SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) infection rates increased the need to share the experience of governments in many geographic regions for better future decision-making in similar health emergencies. Methods: Through a prospective study based on a population-based cohort, students from 18,988 schools in the State of Mexico who began returning to school were followed. Daily sanitation filters were implemented in each school and district liaisons were informed on a daily basis through a negative network. Identified cases were confirmed by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. Simple case frequencies, percentages, and incidences of COVID-19 were estimated. State incidences were compared with the national incidence. Results: A total of 3,586 cases were confirmed; 2,048 (57.1%) were children. Twenty-four (0.6%) were hospitalized for moderate to severe COVID-19; nine (37.5%) died, and only one was a schoolchild. From week 36, an average infection rate of 0.36 was observed. The highest infection rate in schoolchildren was observed in epidemiologic week 40 (1.01); from this week on, a decrease in the number of cases was observed until week 50. Conclusions: The use of non-pharmaceutical interventions has more advantages than limitations, as long as the strategies are homogeneous and properly implemented to ensure adequate control of infections.

Resumen Introducción: La determinación del efecto de reabrir las escuelas sobre las tasas de infección pediátrica por SARS-CoV-2 (síndrome respiratorio agudo grave coronavirus 2) incrementó la necesidad de trasmitir la experiencia de los gobiernos de muchas regiones geográficas para mejores decisiones futuras en emergencias sanitarias similares. Métodos: Mediante un estudio prospectivo basado en una cohorte poblacional se dio seguimiento a los alumnos de 18,988 escuelas del Estado de México que iniciaron con el regreso a clases. Se implementaron filtros sanitarios diarios en cada escuela y cotidianamente se informaban a los enlaces jurisdiccionales a través de una red negativa. Los casos identificados eran confirmados a través de RT-PCR (reacción en cadena de la polimerasa con transcriptasa inversa). Se estimaron frecuencias simples de casos, porcentajes e incidencias de COVID-19. Las incidencias del estado se compararon con la incidencia nacional. Resultados: Un total de 3,586 casos fueron confirmados; 2,048 (57.1%) correspondieron a niños. Veinticuatro (0.6%) fueron hospitalizados por COVID-19 moderado a grave; nueve (37.5%) fallecieron, y solamente una correspondió a un escolar. A partir de la semana 36 se observó una tasa promedio de infecciones de 0.36. En la semana epidemiológica 40 se observó la mayor tasa de infección en escolares (1.01); a partir de esta semana se observa un declive de los casos hasta la semana 50. Conclusiones: La implementación de intervenciones no farmacéuticas tiene más ventajas que limitaciones, siempre y cuando las estrategias sean homogéneas y correctamente ejecutadas, lo que asegurará un adecuado control en los contagios.

Sistema informático para el seguimiento y rastreo de casos y contactos estrechos de COVID-19 en Puerto Madryn, Chubut / Computer System for Monitoring and Tracing Cases and Close contacts of COVID-19 in Puerto Madryn, Chubut

RESUMEN INTRODUCCIÓN Se realizó una intervención en la ciudad de Puerto Madryn, Chubut. La pandemia marcó la necesidad de una identificación oportuna, un seguimiento sistematizado y un control de foco de los casos de COVID-19, sus contactos estrechos y los eventos asociados. El objetivo general fue mejorar la calidad de trabajo del equipo de salud y la respuesta del sistema sanitario mediante la implementación de un software denominado RastreAr. MÉTODOS Se utilizó un enfoque cuasi experimental. Se apuntó a demostrar la causalidad entre la intervención y los objetivos alcanzados. Se efectuó una evaluación pre- y posintervención. RESULTADOS Antes de su puesta en marcha, RastreAr se comparó con un sistema basado en hojas de cálculo. En funcionamiento, se contrastó con el registro nacional de casos. Presentó una mejora en términos de eficiencia y calidad respecto al primero, y mostró una optimización de recursos y mayor efectividad que el registro nacional, ya que registraba no solo los casos confirmados sino también los contactos estrechos y permitía el seguimiento de ambos. DISCUSIÓN A partir de la identificación de los distintos brotes ocurridos durante la operatoria del sistema RastreAr, es factible integrar la información en términos de vigilancia epidemiológica a fin de contribuir a una mejora en la calidad de sus procesos y asistir al personal de salud.

ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION An intervention was carried out in the city of Puerto Madryn, Chubut. The pandemic showed the need for timely identification, systematic tracking, and focus control of COVID-19 cases, close contacts, and associated events. The general objective was to improve the quality of health team work and the response of the health system through the implementation of a software called RastreAr. METHODS A quasi-experimental approach was used. The aim was to show the causality between the intervention and the objectives achieved. A pre- and post-intervention assessment was conducted. RESULTS Prior to its implementation, RastreAr was compared to a spreadsheet-based system. In operation, it was contrasted with the national registry of cases. It presented an improvement in terms of efficiency and quality compared to the first, optimizing resources and being more effective than the national registry, as it recorded not only confirmed cases but also close contacts and allowed tracking of both. DISCUSSION Through the identification of the different outbreaks that occurred during the operation of the RastreAr system, it is feasible to integrate the information in terms of epidemiological surveillance, in order to contribute to an improvement in process quality and assist health personnel.

Rinovirus y metapneumovirus en pacientes con infección respiratoria aguda grave / Rhinovirus and metapneumovirus in patients with severe acute respiratory infection

Introducción. Los virus son los principales agentes etiológicos en las infecciones respiratorias agudas graves; un alto porcentaje queda sin diagnóstico viral. Objetivo. Describir la frecuencia de rinovirus y metapneumovirus en pacientes pediátricos de una unidad centinela de Mar del Plata con infección respiratoria aguda grave y resultado negativo para virus clásicos por inmunofluorescencia y biología molecular. Población y métodos. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal. Se evaluó la presencia de rinovirus y metapneumovirus por biología molecular en 163 casos negativos para panel respiratorio por técnicas de vigilancia referencial, durante todo el año 2015. Resultados. Se detectó rinovirus en el 51,5 % de los casos, metapneumovirus en el 9,8 % y coinfección rinovirus-metapneumovirus en el 6,1 %. Fueron negativos para ambos virus el 32,5 %. Conclusiones. La selección de muestras sin diagnóstico virológico permitió identificar rinovirus y metapneumovirus como agentes causales de infecciones respiratorias agudas graves pediátricas y su impacto en la morbimortalidad infantil y en nuestro sistema sanitario.

Introduction. Viruses are the main etiologic agents involved in severe acute respiratory tract infections; a viral diagnosis is not established in a high percentage of cases. Objective. To describe the frequency of rhinovirus and metapneumovirus in pediatric patients with severe acute respiratory infection and negative results for typical viruses by immunofluorescence and molecular biology at a sentinel unit of Mar del Plata. Population and methods. This was a descriptive, cross-sectional study. The presence of rhinovirus and metapneumovirus was assessed by molecular biology in 163 cases negative for respiratory panel by referral surveillance techniques throughout 2015. Results. Rhinovirus was detected in 51.5% of cases, metapneumovirus in 9.8%, and coinfection with rhinovirus and metapneumovirus in 6.1%. Results were negative for both viruses in 32.5%. Conclusions. The selection of samples without a viral diagnosis allowed us to identify rhinovirus and metapneumovirus as causative agents of severe acute respiratory infections in children and assess their impact on child morbidity and mortality and on our health care system

Uso de psicofármacos por profissionais da Atenção Primária à Saúde e fatores associados / Use of psychotropic drugs by professionals in Primary Health Care and associated factors

RESUMO Objetivo: Identificar a prevalência do uso de psicofármacos entre profissionais da Atenção Primária à Saúde e os fatores associados. Métodos: Este é um estudo epidemiológico, de base populacional, transversal e analítico, realizado com 290 profissionais que atuam na Atenção Primária da Região de Saúde de Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brasil. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de um questionário contendo informações sociodemográficas e econômicas, e sobre hábitos de vida, uso de medicamentos e condições de trabalho. Utilizou-se a regressão logística múltipla para obter estimativas do efeito das variáveis no uso de psicofármacos. Resultados: Observou-se prevalência de uso de psicofármacos em 10,7% (IC95%: 7-14) dos entrevistados. Entre os profissionais da Atenção Primária à Saúde, as variáveis associadas ao uso de psicofármacos foram ter idade > 31 anos ( odds ratio ajustado [ORA] = 2,33; IC95% = 1,06-5,09; p = 0,034) e ter realizado horas extras (ORA = 2,28; IC95% = 1,06-4,89; p = 0,034). Conclusão: As condições de trabalho, como carga horária excessiva, podem contribuir para o adoecimento e, consequentemente, a necessidade de uso de psicofármacos por profissionais de saúde. Assim, é importante abordar a questão, desde a assistência à saúde até o desenvolvimento de políticas de recursos humanos para o Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) que atentem para as condições de trabalho.

ABSTRACT Objective: Identify the prevalence of psychotropic drug use among Primary Health Care professionals and associated factors. Methods: This is an epidemiological, population-based, cross-sectional and analytical study, carried out with 290 professionals working in Primary Care in the Health Region of Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Data collection was carried out through a questionnaire containing sociodemographic and economic information, life habits, use of medication and working conditions. Multiple logistic regression was used to obtain estimates of the effect of variables on the use of psychotropic drugs. Results: A prevalence of psychotropic drug use was observed in 10.7% (CI95%: 7-14) of respondents. Among primary health care professionals, the variables associated with the use of psychotropic drugs were age > 31 years (adjusted odds ratio [ORA] = 2.33; 95%CI = 1.06-5.09; p = 0.034) and having performed overtime (ORA = 2.28; 95%CI = 1.06-4.89; p = 0.034). Conclusion: Working conditions, such as excessive workload, are conditions that can contribute to illness and, consequently, the need for the use of psychotropic drugs by health professionals. It is important to address the issue, from health care to the development of human resources policies in the Health System that meet the working conditions.

Diagnóstico diferencial entre COVID-19 e Dengue: Estudo realizado na diretoria de vigilância epidemiológica de itajaí / Differential diagnosis between Dengue and COVID-19: A sutdy made in the epidemiological surveillance board of itajaí

Objective: To present and discuss cases of dengue in the city of Itajaí-SC through a study carried out by the Board of Epidemiological Surveillance of the Municipal Health Department. Method: This is a cross-sectional observational study with a quantitative analytical approach, with data collected in the year 2021, between April and July. Data analysis was performed through investigations of Covid-19 and electronic medical records of patients. Results: The data collected obtained 119 investigations and the research subjects were patients suspected of Covid-19 who had negative results for the disease, with symptoms suggestive of dengue. The sample consisted of 44 participants, where categories related to gender, neighborhood of residence and age group were identified and analyzed. Conclusion: It is believed that these findings may be extremely relevant for managers and health professionals, thus contributing to the differential diagnosis of the disease.(AU)

Objetivo: Apresentar e discutir os casos de dengue no município de Itajaí-SC por meio de estudo realizado pela Diretoria de Vigilância Epidemiológica da Secretaria Municipal de Saúde. Método: Trata-se de um estudo observacional transversal com abordagem analítica quantitativa, com dados coletados no ano de 2021, entre abril e julho. A análise dos dados foi realizada por meio de investigações da Covid-19 e prontuários eletrônicos dos pacientes. Resultados: Os dados coletados obtiveram 119 investigações e os sujeitos da pesquisa foram pacientes com suspeita de Covid-19 que tiveram resultado negativo para a doença, com sintomas sugestivos de dengue. A amostra foi composta por 44 participantes, onde foram identificadas e analisadas categorias relacionadas ao gênero, bairro de residência e faixa etária. Conclusão: Acredita-se que esses achados possam ser de extrema relevância para gestores e profissionais de saúde, contribuindo assim para o diagnóstico diferencial da doença.(AU)

Objetivo: Presentar y discutir casos de dengue en la ciudad de Itajaí-SC a través de un estudio realizado por la Dirección de Vigilancia Epidemiológica de la Secretaría Municipal de Salud. Método: Se trata de un estudio observacional transversal con enfoque analítico cuantitativo, con datos recolectados en el año 2021, entre abril y julio. El análisis de datos se realizó a través de investigaciones de Covid-19 y registros médicos electrónicos de pacientes. Resultados: Los datos recolectados obtuvieron 119 investigaciones y los sujetos de investigación fueron pacientes sospechosos de Covid-19 que tuvieron resultados negativos para la enfermedad, con síntomas sugestivos de dengue. La muestra estuvo conformada por 44 participantes, donde se identificaron y analizaron categorías relacionadas al género, barrio de residencia y grupo etario. Conclusión: Se cree que estos hallazgos pueden ser de suma relevancia para gestores y profesionales de la salud, contribuyendo así al diagnóstico diferencial de la enfermedad.(AU)

Subnotificação de desfechos desfavoráveis da sífilis congênita no Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação no estado de São Paulo, 2007-2018 / Underreporting of unfavorable outcomes of congenital syphilis on the Notifiable Health Conditions Information System in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, 2007-2018 / Subnotificación de resultados desfavorables de sífilis congénita en el Sistema de Información de Enfermedades de Declaración Obligatoria en el estado de São Paulo, Brasil, 2007-2018

Objetivo: descrever a frequência de subnotificação de desfechos desfavoráveis da sífilis congênita no estado de São Paulo, Brasil, 2007-2018. Métodos: estudo descritivo dos casos de aborto, óbitos fetais e não fetais por sífilis congênita notificados no Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (Sinan), e daqueles registrados com sífilis congênita, em qualquer linha da Declaração de Óbito, no Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade (SIM), mediante relacionamentos probabilístico e determinístico. Resultados: dos 27.713 casos de sífilis congênita notificados, 1.320 evoluíram para óbito (871 fetais, 449 infantis) e foram pareados com o SIM; 355 óbitos (259 fetais, 96 infantis) não constavam no Sinan; ocorreu incremento de desfechos desfavoráveis, de 11,4% para óbitos infantis por sífilis congênita, 3,0% para óbitos fetais e 1,9% para abortos. Conclusão: o emprego de diferentes técnicas de relacionamento mostrou-se adequado para identificar a frequência da subnotificação dos desfechos desfavoráveis da sífilis congênita no estado de São Paulo.

Objective: to describe the frequency of underreporting of unfavorable outcomes of congenital syphilis in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, 2007-2018. Methods: this was a descriptive study of cases of abortion, fetal and non-fetal deaths due to congenital syphilis reported on the Notifiable Health Conditions Information System (Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação - SINAN), and those of congenital syphilis registered in any line in the Death Certificate, on the Mortality Information System (Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade - SIM), by means of probabilistic and deterministic linkage. Results: of the 27,713 cases of congenital syphilis reported, 1,320 progressed to death (871 fetal deaths, 449 infant deaths) and were matched to the SIM; 355 deaths (259 fetal deaths, 96 infant deaths) were not included on SINAN; there was an increase in unfavorable outcomes,11.4% for infant deaths due to congenital syphilis, 3.0% for fetal deaths and 1.9% for abortions. Conclusion: the use of different relationship techniques proved to be adequate to identify the frequency of underreporting of unfavorable outcomes of congenital syphilis in the state of São Paulo.

Objetivo: describir la frecuencia de la subnotificación de resultados desfavorables por sífilis congénita en el estado de São Paulo, de 2007 a 2018. Métodos: estudio descriptivo de los casos de aborto espontáneo, muertes fetales y no fetales por sífilis congénita notificados en la Información Sistema de Enfermedades de Declaración Obligatoria (Sinan), y las registradas con sífilis congénita en el Sistema de Información de Mortalidad (SIM) mediante relaciones probabilísticas y determinísticas. Resultados: de los 27.713 casos de sífilis congénita, fallecieron 1.320 (871 fetales, 449 infantiles) y se emparejaron con SIM; 355 muertes (259 fetales, 96 infantiles) no se incluyeron en Sinan. Hubo un aumento en los resultados desfavorables: 11,4% muertes infantiles por sífilis congénita; 3,0% muertes fetales y 1,9% abortos. Conclusión: el uso de diferentes técnicas de vinculación demostró ser adecuado para identificar la frecuencia de subregistro de resultados desfavorables de sífilis congénita en el estado de São Paulo.

Chikungunya virus infection in the southernmost state of Brazil was characterised by self-limited transmission (2017-2019) and a larger 2021 outbreak

BACKGROUND Chikungunya is a mosquito-borne virus that has been causing large outbreaks in the Americas since 2014. In Brazil, Asian-Caribbean (AC) and East-Central-South-African (ECSA) genotypes have been detected and lead to large outbreaks in several Brazilian states. In Rio Grande do Sul (RS), the southernmost state of Brazil, the first cases were reported in 2016. OBJECTIVES AND METHODS We employed genome sequencing and epidemiological investigation to characterise the Chikungunya fever (CHIKF) burden in RS between 2017-2021. FINDINGS We detected an increasing CHIKF burden linked to travel associated introductions and communitary transmission of distinct lineages of the ECSA genotype during this period. MAIN CONCLUSIONS Until 2020, CHIKV introductions were most travel associated and transmission was limited. Then, in 2021, the largest outbreak occurred in the state associated with the introduction of a new ECSA lineage. CHIKV outbreaks are likely to occur in the near future due to abundant competent vectors and a susceptible population, exposing more than 11 million inhabitants to an increasing infection risk.

Pet-saúde gestão e assistência: transversalidade entre a formação em saúde e os cenários de prática / Pet-health management and care: transversality between health education and practice scenarios / Gestión y cuidado de la salud de las mascotas: transversalidad entre los escenarios de educación y práctica en salud

Objetivo: relatar experiências vivenciadas de um grupo tutorial do PET-Saúde na Vigilância epidemiológica (VIEP), com foco nas ações de Educação em Saúde. Método: Trata-se de um relato de experiência de caráter descritivo, das ações de educação em saúde de um grupo tutorial do PETSaúde. O cenário onde as atividades foram desenvolvidas foi na VIEP, localizada no município de Feira de Santana-Bahia, pelo grupo tutorial II da 10ª edição do PET-Saúde da Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, durante os meses de setembro de 2022 a janeiro de 2023. Resultados: As atividades de promoção à saúde consistiram na elaboração e aplicação de instrumentos lúdicos e participação ativa dos graduandos na comunidade, por meio de uma atuação interprofissional, nas áreas prioritárias do Sistema de informação sobre mortalidade e nascidos vivos; Centro de Informações Estratégicas em Vigilância em Saúde; Sistema de informação de agravos de Notificação e Setor de referências técnicas. Conclusão: A implementação de atividades e ações educativas desempenham um papel fundamental na promoção da saúde e na prevenção de doenças. A troca de conhecimentos e experiências entre os profissionais envolvidos contribuiu para o fortalecimento das práticas de vigilância epidemiológica, impactando na saúde da população atendida.

Objective: to report experiences of a PET-Saúde in Epidemiological Surveillance (VIEP) tutorial group, focusing on Health Education actions. Method: This is a descriptive experience report of the health education actions of a PET-Saúde tutorial group. The scenario where the activities were developed was at VIEP, located in the municipality of Feira de Santana-Bahia, by the tutorial group II of the 10th edition of PET-Saúde at the State University of Feira de Santana, during the months of September 2022 to January 2023. Results: Health promotion activities consisted of the development and application of playful instruments and the active participation of undergraduates in the community, through interprofessional action, in the priority areas of the Information System on mortality and live births; Center for Strategic Information on Health Surveillance; Information System for Notification and Technical Reference Sector. Conclusion: The implementation of educational activities and actions play a fundamental role in health promotion and disease prevention. The exchange of knowledge and experiences among the professionals involved contributed to the strengthening of epidemiological surveillance practices, impacting the health of the population served.

Objetivo: relatar experiencias de un grupo tutorial PET-Saúde en Vigilancia Epidemiológica (VIEP), con foco en acciones de Educación en Salud. Método: Se trata de un relato de experiencia descriptivo de las acciones de educación en salud de un grupo tutorial del PET-Saúde. El escenario donde se desarrollaron las actividades fue en la VIEP, ubicada en el municipio de Feira de Santana-Bahia, por el grupo tutorial II de la 10ª edición del PET-Saúde de la Universidad Estadual de Feira de Santana, durante los meses de septiembre de 2022 a enero de 2022. 2023. Resultados: Las actividades de promoción de la salud consistieron en el desarrollo y aplicación de instrumentos lúdicos y la participación activa de los estudiantes de la comunidad, a través de la acción interprofesional, en las áreas prioritarias del Sistema de Información sobre mortalidad y nacidos vivos; Centro de Información Estratégica de Vigilancia en Salud; Sistema de Información para el Sector de Notificación y Referencia Técnica. Conclusión: La implementación de actividades y acciones educativas juegan un papel fundamental en la promoción de la salud y la prevención de enfermedades. El intercambio de conocimientos y experiencias entre los profesionales involucrados contribuyó al fortalecimiento de las prácticas de vigilancia epidemiológica, impactando en la salud de la población atendida

PET-Saúde na Vigilância Epidemiológica: relato de experiência sobre as ações de Educação em Saúde / PET-Health in Epidemiological Surveillance: experience report on Health Education actions / PET-Salud en Vigilancia Epidemiológica: relato de experiencia sobre acciones de Educación en Salud

Objetivo: relatar experiências vivenciadas de um grupo tutorial do PET-Saúde na Vigilância epidemiológica (VIEP), com foco nas ações de Educação em Saúde. Método: Trata-se de um relato de experiência de caráter descritivo, das ações de educação em saúde de um grupo tutorial do PETSaúde. O cenário onde as atividades foram desenvolvidas foi na VIEP, localizada no município de Feira de Santana-Bahia, pelo grupo tutorial II da 10ª edição do PET-Saúde da Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, durante os meses de setembro de 2022 a janeiro de 2023. Resultados: As atividades de promoção à saúde consistiram na elaboração e aplicação de instrumentos lúdicos e participação ativa dos graduandos na comunidade, por meio de uma atuação interprofissional, nas áreas prioritárias do Sistema de informação sobre mortalidade e nascidos vivos; Centro de Informações Estratégicas em Vigilância em Saúde; Sistema de informação de agravos de Notificação e Setor de referências técnicas. Conclusão: A implementação de atividades e ações educativas desempenham um papel fundamental na promoção da saúde e na prevenção de doenças. A troca de conhecimentos e experiências entre os profissionais envolvidos contribuiu para o fortalecimento das práticas de vigilância epidemiológica, impactando na saúde da população atendida.

Objective: to report experiences of a PET-Saúde in Epidemiological Surveillance (VIEP) tutorial group, focusing on Health Education actions. Method: This is a descriptive experience report of the health education actions of a PET-Saúde tutorial group. The scenario where the activities were developed was at VIEP, located in the municipality of Feira de Santana-Bahia, by the tutorial group II of the 10th edition of PET-Saúde at the State University of Feira de Santana, during the months of September 2022 to January 2023. Results: Health promotion activities consisted of the development and application of playful instruments and the active participation of undergraduates in the community, through interprofessional action, in the priority areas of the Information System on mortality and live births; Center for Strategic Information on Health Surveillance; Information System for Notification and Technical Reference Sector. Conclusion: The implementation of educational activities and actions play a fundamental role in health promotion and disease prevention. The exchange of knowledge and experiences among the professionals involved contributed to the strengthening of epidemiological surveillance practices, impacting the health of the population served.

Objetivo: relatar experiencias de un grupo tutorial PET-Saúde en Vigilancia Epidemiológica (VIEP), con foco en acciones de Educación en Salud. Método: Se trata de un relato de experiencia descriptivo de las acciones de educación en salud de un grupo tutorial del PET-Saúde. El escenario donde se desarrollaron las actividades fue en la VIEP, ubicada en el municipio de Feira de Santana-Bahia, por el grupo tutorial II de la 10ª edición del PET-Saúde de la Universidad Estadual de Feira de Santana, durante los meses de septiembre de 2022 a enero de 2022. 2023. Resultados: Las actividades de promoción de la salud consistieron en el desarrollo y aplicación de instrumentos lúdicos y la participación activa de los estudiantes de la comunidad, a través de la acción interprofesional, en las áreas prioritarias del Sistema de Información sobre mortalidad y nacidos vivos; Centro de Información Estratégica de Vigilancia en Salud; Sistema de Información para el Sector de Notificación y Referencia Técnica. Conclusión: La implementación de actividades y acciones educativas juegan un papel fundamental en la promoción de la salud y la prevención de enfermedades. El intercambio de conocimientos y experiencias entre los profesionales involucrados contribuyó al fortalecimiento de las prácticas de vigilancia epidemiológica, impactando en la salud de la población atendida.

A straightforward one-step strategy for SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis and screening of variants of concern: a multicentre study

BACKGROUND The prevalence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants of concern (VOCs) has changed unevenly over time around the world. Although whole genome sequencing is the gold standard for virus characterisation, the discovery of alpha VOC causing spike gene target failure (SGTF) result, when tested using an reverse transcription real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) assay, has provided a simple tool for tracking the frequencies of variants. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate if a multiplex RT-qPCR assay (BioM 4Plex VOC) could be used to detect SARS-CoV-2 and to perform a VOC screening test in a single reaction tube. Here, we present the multicentre study evaluating this assay. METHODS Twelve laboratories have participated in the multicentre study. The BioM 4Plex VOC was distributed to them with detailed instructions of how to perform the test. They were asked to test the BioM 4Plex VOC in parallel with their routine Commercial SARS-CoV-2 diagnostic assay. Additionally, they were requested to select SARS-CoV-2-positive samples with genome sequenced and lineage definition according to PANGO lineage classification. FINDINGS The BioM 4Plex VOC and commercial RT-PCR assay are equally effective in detecting SARS-CoV-2. Results revealed a specificity of 96.5-100% [95% confidence interval (CI)], a sensitivity of 99.8-100% (95% CI), and an accuracy of 99.8-100% (95% CI). A 99% concordance rate was found between results from the BioM 4Plex VOC and that from available genome sequencing data. MAIN CONCLUSIONS The BioM 4Plex VOC provides an effective solution to detect SARS-CoV-2 infections and screening for VOCs in a single reaction. It is a straightforward method to help us monitor the frequency and distribution of VOCs and develop strategies to better cope with the pandemics.

A straightforward one-step strategy for SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis and screening of variants of concern: a multicentre study

BACKGROUND The prevalence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants of concern (VOCs) has changed unevenly over time around the world. Although whole genome sequencing is the gold standard for virus characterisation, the discovery of alpha VOC causing spike gene target failure (SGTF) result, when tested using an reverse transcription real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) assay, has provided a simple tool for tracking the frequencies of variants. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate if a multiplex RT-qPCR assay (BioM 4Plex VOC) could be used to detect SARS-CoV-2 and to perform a VOC screening test in a single reaction tube. Here, we present the multicentre study evaluating this assay. METHODS Twelve laboratories have participated in the multicentre study. The BioM 4Plex VOC was distributed to them with detailed instructions of how to perform the test. They were asked to test the BioM 4Plex VOC in parallel with their routine Commercial SARS-CoV-2 diagnostic assay. Additionally, they were requested to select SARS-CoV-2-positive samples with genome sequenced and lineage definition according to PANGO lineage classification. FINDINGS The BioM 4Plex VOC and commercial RT-PCR assay are equally effective in detecting SARS-CoV-2. Results revealed a specificity of 96.5-100% [95% confidence interval (CI)], a sensitivity of 99.8-100% (95% CI), and an accuracy of 99.8-100% (95% CI). A 99% concordance rate was found between results from the BioM 4Plex VOC and that from available genome sequencing data. MAIN CONCLUSIONS The BioM 4Plex VOC provides an effective solution to detect SARS-CoV-2 infections and screening for VOCs in a single reaction. It is a straightforward method to help us monitor the frequency and distribution of VOCs and develop strategies to better cope with the pandemics.

Epidemiological indicators of Chagas disease in the metropolitan region of Salvador, Bahia, Brazil

ABSTRACT Background: Chagas disease (CD) is caused by Trypanosoma cruzi and transmitted by triatomines. Historical information from the 20th century demonstrates T. cruzi records in the metropolitan region of Salvador (MRS), the third largest urban agglomeration in the Brazilian Northeast and the eighth largest in Brazil, an area with intense migratory activity from CD-endemic regions. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate CD indicators (prevalence and mortality) in the MRS. Methods: A mixed ecological and descriptive study was conducted using secondary data. We analyzed data from 2008 to 2015: deaths due to CD, self-reported cases of CD, and blood donors that were non-negative for T. cruzi infection. Results: São Francisco do Conde was one of the municipalities with the highest mortality rates due to CD. The seroprevalence rates varied by year and municipality; those with the highest values were 2008: Vera Cruz, 2009: Mata de São João, 2010: Dias D'Ávila, 2011 and 2015: São Francisco do Conde, 2012: São Sebastião do Passé, and 2013 and 2014: Pojuca. Spatial correlations between the municipalities were not detected. Conclusions: We conclude that CD is present in the MRS. The indicators analyzed in the MRS are below-state-level data. Given the importance of indicator analysis for the surveillance and control of CD at the state and national levels, it is important to strengthen the surveillance program at the municipal level, including the regions classified as low risk for T. cruzi vector transmission.

Infant mortality in a Brazilian Northeast State between 2009 and 2018: a temporal space approach / Mortalidade infantil em um estado do Nordeste Brasileiro entre os anos de 2009 e 2018: uma abordagem espaço temporal

Abstract Objective: to present the epidemiological profile of infant mortality and neonatal and post neonatal components, in addition to the temporal dynamics of these events in Pernambuco State between 2009 and 2018. Methods: descriptive, ecological, temporal space study of infant mortality in Pernambuco between 2009 and 2018. Epidemiological and temporal space characteristics were described using the Sistema de Informação sobre Mortalidade (Mortality Information System) and the Sistema de Informação sobre Nascidos vivos.(Information System on Live Births) as data sources. Results: there were 19,436 infant deaths in the period; 13,546 (69.7%) in the neonatal period and 5,890 (30.3%) in the post neonatal period. Male (55.4%), non-white children (74.7%) with low birth weight (63.5%) predominated; mothers were aged between 20 and 29 years (46.6%), with 8-11 years of schooling (43.9%) and preterm pregnancy (65.2%). Although the infant mortality rate decreased during the analyzed decade, high rates persisted in cities in the Sertão (backwoods) and Vale do São Francisco and Araripe macroregions of health services. Conclusions: even though infant mortality declined over the years studied, it is necessary to achieve better rates and confront inequalities and other obstacles that perpetuate the event in Pernambuco State.

Resumo Objetivos: apresentar o perfil epidemiológico da mortalidade infantil e dos componentes neonatal e pós-neonatal, além da dinâmica espaço temporal desses eventos em Pernambuco, entre os anos de 2009 e 2018. Métodos: estudo descritivo e ecológico, de abordagem espaço temporal, da mortalidade infantil de Pernambuco entre 2009 e 2018. Foram descritas características epidemiológicas e espaço temporais, tendo como fonte de dados o Sistema de Informação sobre Mortalidade e o Sistema de Informação sobre Nascidos vivos. Resultados: ocorreram 19.436 óbitos infantis no período, sendo 13.546 (69,7%) no período neonatal e 5.890 (30,3%) no período pós neonatal. Predominaram crianças do sexo masculino (55,4%), não brancas (74,7%), com baixo peso ao nascer (63,5%), sendo as mães com idade entre 20 e 29 anos (46,6%), com escolaridade entre oito e 11 anos (43,9%) e com gestação pré-termo (65,2%). Houve decréscimo da taxa de mortalidade infantil durante a década analisada, entretanto elevadas taxas persistiram em municípios das Macrorregiões de saúde Sertão e Vale do São Francisco e Araripe. Conclusões: a mortalidade infantil apresentou cenário de queda ao longo dos anos estudados, todavia é necessário o alcance de melhores taxas, o enfrentamento às desigualdades e a outros entraves que perpetuam o evento no estado de Pernambuco.

Perfil epidemiológico dos casos suspeitos de sarampo e rubéola notificados no SINAN, Brasil, 2007 a 2016 / Epidemiological profile of suspected cases of measles and rubella notified on SINAN, Brazil, 2007 to 2016

Descrever os casos suspeitos de sarampo e rubéola notificados no Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (Sinan), Brasil, 2007 a 2016. Métodos: Os dados foram extraídos do Sinan, referentes aos anos de 2007 a 2016. As variáveis utilizadas foram os números de notificações de casos de sarampo e rubéola por regiões e ano, idade, sexo, hospitalização, estado gestacional, histórico vacinal, realização de bloqueio vacinal, coletas sorológicas (S1 e S2), sinais e sintomas, investigação adequada, critério de confirmação ou descarte e classificação final do caso. Resultados: Entre 2007 e 2016 houve 127.802 casos suspeitos de sarampo e rubéola notificados. Aproximadamente 92% dos casos foram investigados, a maioria em menores de cinco anos. Os sintomas mais frequentes foram tosse (40%) e coriza (38%). Como instrumento de vigilância foi coletado sangue para confirmação laboratorial em 87% das notificações. A maioria dos casos de sarampo ocorreu entre os anos de 2011 e 2015, relacionados a casos importados, totalizando 1.443 casos; para rubéola, 10.125 casos foram confirmados. Foram descartados 1,3% (1.698/127.802) e 5,1% (6.555/127.802) das notificações de sarampo e rubéola, respectivamente. Foram ignorados 9% (11.523/127.802) para sarampo e 49% (62.978/127.802) para rubéola. Conclusão: A vigilância dos casos de doenças exantemáticas permitiu demonstrar a situação dos casos de doenças exantemáticas circulantes no país como importante ferramenta de saúde pública. O grande número de casos descartados classificados como ignorados merece atenção, no sentido de melhorar o encerramento dos casos suspeitos notificados

To describe the suspected cases of measles and rubella notified in the Notifiable Diseases Information System (Sinan), Brazil, from 2007 to 2016. Methods: Data were extracted from Sinan referring to the years 2007 to 2016. The variables used were the number of notifications of measles and rubella cases by region and year, age, gender, hospitalization, gestational status, vaccination history, vaccination blockade, serological collections (S1 and S2), signs and symptoms, adequate investigation, confirmation criteria or disposal and final case classification. Results: Between 2007 and 2016, there were 127,802 suspected cases of measles and rubella reported. Approximately 92% of cases were investigated, mostly in children under five years of age. The most frequent symptoms were cough (40%) and runny nose (38%). As a surveillance tool, blood was collected for laboratory confirmation in 87% of notifications. Most Measles cases occurred between 2011 and 2015, related to imported cases, totaling 1,443 cases; for Rubella 10,125 cases were confirmed. 1.3% (1,698/127,802) and 5.1% (6,555/127,802) of measles and rubella notifications, respectively, were discarded. 9% (11,523/127,802) for measles and 49% (62,978/127,802) for rubella were ignored. Conclusion: Surveillance of cases of exanthematous diseases allowed demonstrating the situation of cases of exanthematous diseases circulating in the country as an important public health tool. The large number of discarded cases classified as ignored deserves attention, in order to improve the closing of notified suspected cases