ABSTRACT
Objective To study genotyping and molecular epidemiology distribution of GBS pathogenic strains of GBS positive pregnant women in Guangzhou,for GBS pathogenic strains of rapid molecular diagnosis and epidemiological surveillance pro-vide certain theoretical basis and method.Methods In the Guangzhou area,used multi stage stratified sampling method col-lecting GBS positive pregnant women’s reproductive tract specimens from January to December 2015,drug sensitivity quality control standard strains:Streptococcus pneumoniae (ATCC49619)and Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC25923),took culture of bacterial,strain,identification,DNA extraction,PCR,gene detection method,through the relevant software for data analy-sis,analyzed GBS strains of gene and molecular epidemiology.Results In the study,collected 2 812 samples of secretions,af-ter identification of strains isolated from 178 strains of pathogenic GBS strains,the detection rate was 6.33%.GBS patho-genic strains to linezolid vancomycin,penicillin,nitrfurantion and other antimicrobial drug resistance rate was 0,GBS parho-genic strains to ampicillin,ciprfloxacin moxifloxacin and levofloxacintesistant parts,the restance rates were 1.1%,16.9%, 18.0% and 22.5%,but GBS pathogenic strains to erythromycin,clindamycin tetracydine antibiotics showed a high resistance rate,the resistance rates were 50.6%,47.8%(of which 20 cases of erythromycin induced clindamycin resistance accouted for 23.5%)and 73.0%.Among them,65 strains of GBS detected the mreA gene,56 strains of GBS detected the ermB gene,36 strains of GBS detected the mefA gene,28 strains of GBS detected the mefE gene,5 strains of GBS detected the ermA gene, ermC gene was not detected in the gene.Among them,carried five multidrug resistance gene of 3 strains (1.6 9%)and 4 kinds of resistant gene carried with 15 strains (8.43%),carried three resistance genes of 19 strains (10.67%),2 kinds of resistant gene carrying a 25 strains (14.04%),carried the resistance gene of 5 strains (2.81%),did not carry resistance gene of 1 strain (0.56%).The nucleotide sequences of the five drug resistance genes were 100%,and no gene mutation oc-curred.Conclusion The main GBS disease resistant gene was mreA,ermA,ermB,mrfA,mefE and its nucleotide sequence homology was 100%.The clinical need to strengthen the detection of resistant gene and molecular level and guide clinical more scientific and rational drug use.
ABSTRACT
Objective We conducted an epidemiologic investigation to determine the source of infection on an avian influenza (H5N1) case who returned from Guangzhou,in Hong Kong.Methods Data related to epidemiologic investigation,medical observation on close contacts,Syndromic Surveillance on poultry salesmen,emergency monitoring,detection of the samples,source tracing on potential Avian influenza virus (H5,H7,H9) infected people,situation on environment pollution by avian influenza virus in the markets etc.were gathered.The determination of infection source was through comparing the different genes between the case and positive environmental samples.Results The infected case witnessed the procedure of how a live duck was killed,in market A in Guangzhou during May 17th to 19th.The case was diagnosed as respiratory tract infection in 2 Third-grade-Class A hospitals in Guangzhou on May 23th and 24th.The diagnosis was made as Avian influenza cases on May 26th after going back to Hong Kong.23 close contacts and 34 markets poultry salesmen did not show any ILI related symptoms.However,2 poultry salesmen from the markets nearby the place where the Avian influenza case stayed,were detected having positive H9 avian influenza antibody,with the H9 positive rate as 6.06％ (2/33).Among the environmental samples in the 2 markets nearby home of the patient,chopping block was found to have carried H5,with positive rate as 9.8％(5/51) while poultry cage was found to carry H9,with the positive rate as 2.0％(1/51).A H5 positive sample was found with clade 2.3.2.1,same to the case,from a chopping block at the market B where the sources of poultry was the same as market A.Conclusion The source of infection seemed to come from the markets in Guangzhou,that calling for the strengthening of poultry market management,for avian influenza prevention.History related to contact of poultry should be gathered when a diagnosis of respiratory tract infection was made.Timely sampling and testing should be made to improve the sensitivity of diagnosis.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE To investigate a case of nosocomial infection incident in a hospital,analyze the reasons and put forward preventive measures.METHODS Investigation was carried out on the related people and environment in the department where the incident occurred.Analysis was made on the reasons and processing.RESULTS The nosocomial infection incident was caused by Norovirus;fecal-oral transmission and contact transmission were 2 main pathways of Norovirus.There were 7 persons who had been contaminated by Norovirus,included 5 old inpatients,1 doctor and 1 nurse.CONCLUSIONS Many people should work to prevent and control the infections in hospital,such as doctors,nurses,inpatients,hospital works etc.Hand-washing and disinfection isolation should be enhanced among the hospital staffs in the normal works.