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The present study investigated the effect of active components of Descurainia sophia on allergic asthma and explored the underlying mechanism. SD male rats were randomly divided into a normal group(NC), a model group(M), a D. sophia decoction group(DS), a D. sophia fatty oil group(FO), a D. sophia flavonoid glycoside group(FG), a D. sophia oligosaccharide group(Oli), and a positive drug dexamethasone group(Y). The allergic asthma model was induced in rats by intraperitoneal injection of ovalbumin(OVA) and aluminum hydroxide gel adjuvant(sensitization) and atomization of OVA solution(excitation). After modeling, asthma-related indicators, tracheal phenol red excretion, inflammatory cell levels in the peripheral blood, lung permeability index(LPI), and oxygenation index(OI) of rats were detected. The pathological changes of lung tissues were observed by HE staining. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) was used to detect the content of inflammatory factors immunoglobulin E(IgE), interleukin-4(IL-4), and interferon-γ(IFN-γ) in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF) and the content of endothelin-1(ET-1) and angiotensin-converting enzyme(ACE) in lung tissue homogenate. The serum content of nitric oxide(NO) was detected by colorimetry. Western blot was employed to determine the protein expression of Toll-like receptor 4(TLR4), nuclear factor κB-p65(NF-κB-p65), phosphorylated NF-κB-p65(p-NF-κB-p65), myosin light chain kinase(MLCK), vascular endothelial cadherin(VE cadherin), connexin 43, and claudin 5, and the mechanism of active components of D. sophia on allergic asthma was explored. As revealed by the results, the M group showed extensive infiltration of inflammatory cells around the bronchus of the lung tissues of the allergic asthma rats, thickened bronchial wall, severely deformed alveolar structure, increased number of wheezes, the content of IgE, IL-4, ET-1, and ACE, inflammatory cells, and LPI, and reduced latency of asthma, tracheal phenol red excretion, IFN-γ, NO content, and OI. After the intervention of the active components of D. sophia, the DS, FO, FG, Oli, and Y groups showed improved asthma-related indicators, tracheal phenol red excretion, and lung tissue lesions in allergic asthma rats, and the effects in the FO and Oli groups were superior. The content of inflammatory factors in BALF was recovered in the DS, FO, and Y groups and the FG and Oli groups. The number of inflammatory cells in rats was reduced in the DS and FO groups, and the FG, Oli, and Y groups to varying degrees, and the effect in the FO group was superior. DS, FO, Oli, and Y reduced ET-1, ACE, and LPI and increased NO and OI. FG recovered NO, ET-1, ACE, LPI, and OI to improve lung epithelial damage and permeability. Further investigation of inflammation-related TLR4/NF-κB pathways, MLCK, and related skeleton protein levels showed that TLR4, NF-κB-p65, p-NF-κB-p65, and MLCK levels were increased, and VE cadherin, connexin 43, and claudin 5 were reduced in the M group. DS, FO, FG, Oli, and Y could reduce the protein expression related to the TLR4 pathway to varying degrees, and regulate the protein expression of MLCK, VE cadherin, connexin 43, and claudin 5. It is inferred that the active components of D. sophia improve lung permeability in rats with allergic asthma presumedly by regulating the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway to improve airway inflammation, mediating MLCK and connexin, and regulating epithelial damage.
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Animals , Male , Rats , Asthma/drug therapy , Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid , Inflammation/metabolism , Lung , PermeabilityABSTRACT
Respiratory syncytial virus(RSV) is a common pathogen of respiratory tract infection in children, and its related lower respiratory tract infection is associated with subsequent repeated wheezing and bronchial asthma, but the specific pathogenesis is still unclear.In recent years, it has been found that respiratory syncytial virus infection leads to the injury of respiratory epithelial cells, the release of inflammatory mediators and the disorder of immune function, which are involved in the pathogenesis of asthma.And the early intervention of viral infection and the development of antiviral drugs will improve the occurrence of recurrent wheezing and asthma to a certain extent.Therefore, this article reviews the relationship between recurrent wheezing and asthma caused by respiratory syncytial virus and the effects of anti-respiratory syncytial virus drugs and vaccines.
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@#Oral cancer is one of the most common cancers that occur in the head and neck and can seriously affect the life span and living standard of oral cancer patients. Candida albicans （C. albicans） is the most common opportunistic pathogenic fungus in the oral cavity, shows pathogenicity and easily causes Candida infection when the host′s immune function is low. Recent studies have shown that C. albicans infection is closely related to oral cancer. This paper reviews the epidemiology of C. albicans infection in oral cancer patients, the influence of C. albicans infection on the occurrence and development of oral cancer and research on its mechanism. Existing studies have shown an increased risk of C. albicans infection in oral cancer patients, while C. albicans infection may promote the occurrence and development of oral cancer through mechanisms such as damaging the oral epithelium; producing carcinogens, including nitrosamine and acetaldehyde; and inducing a chronic inflammatory response and T helper cell 17 immune response. However, these mechanisms are still relatively superficial and lack sufficient direct evidence. In the future, additional in-depth studies are still needed to further clarify the cancer-promoting mechanisms of C. albicans and provide new ideas for the prevention and treatment of oral cancer.
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@#【Objective】To determine the effects of an open-lung strategy（OLS）comprising moderate positive end- expiratory pressure （PEEP） and intermittent recruitment manoeuvres（RMs） on plasma levels of lung epithelial injury markers［i.e. soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products（sRAGE）and Clara cell protein（CC16）］during low- tidal-volume ventilation for surgery.【Methods】One hundred patients who were undergoing laparoscopic colorectal cancer resection under low-tidal-volume ventilation were enrolled in this study. They were randomly assigned（1∶1）to the OLS group（using PEEP of 6~8 cmH2O and intermittent RM），or the NOLS group（without using PEEP and RM）. Blood samples were taken before anesthesia induction（T1），immediately after surgery（T2）and the postoperative day 3（T3）to measure the plasma concentrations of sRAGE and CC16. 【Results】 Significant differences were not observed in the concentrations of sRAGE and CC16 at T1，T2 and T3 between the two groups（all P > 0.05）. For all the enrolled patients， the concentrations of sRAGE at T2 and T3 were higher than that at T1，the concentration of sRAGE at T3 was higher than that at T2，and the concentration of CC16 at T3 was higher than that at T1 and T2（all P < 0.05）.【Conclusions】In patients under general anesthesia with low-tidal-volume ventilation，the using of an OLS comprising medium PEEP and intermittent RMs can not alter plasma levels of lung epithelial injury markers（sRAGE and CC16）in three days after surgery.
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@#AIM: To investigate the clinical effect of vitamin A Palmitate Eye Gel combined with Tobramycin Eye Drops on corneal epithelial injury.<p>METHODS: Totally 80 patients(100 eyes)with corneal epithelial injury who came to our hospital from May 2015 to March 2016 were randomly divided into treatment group(50 eyes)and control group(50 eyes). The treatment group was treated with vitamin A Palmitate Eye Gel combined with Tobramycin Eye Drops, while the control group was treated with Tobramycin Eye Drops only. The curative effect of two groups was compared after 2wk and 4wk of treatment.<p>RESULTS: The cure rate was 80% and the effective rate was 94% in the treatment group. The cure rate was 70% and the effective rate was 78% in the control group. There was significant difference in the effective rate between the two groups(<i>P</i><0.05). The results of SⅠt and BUT test showed that the time of treatment group was significantly longer than that of control group(<i>P<</i>0.01). The score of symptoms and signs in the treatment group was significantly lower than that in the control group after 2wk of treatment(<i>P<</i>0.01), but there was no significant between treatment groups and control grouop after 4wk of treatment(<i>P></i>0.05).<p>CONCLUSION: Vitamin A Palmitate Eye Gel combined with Tobramycin Eye Drops can significantly improve dry eye symptoms and effectively shorten the healing time of corneal epithelium. It is an effective method to treat corneal epithelial injury.
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Objective To explore the effect of the combination of bandage contact lenses and ar-tificial tears on corneal epithelial injury , due to correction of blepharoptosis in patients .Methods Thirty-five patients (56 eyes) were included in this randomized controlled trial during May 2013 to May 2018 ,and randomly divided into observation group (combination of bandage contact lenses and artificial tears) and control group (combination of erythromycin eye ointment and artificial tears ) ,and followed up for 3 months .The corneal wound healing ,corneal fluorescent staining (FL ) ,Schirmer test (Slt) ,break-up time (BUT ) and the severity of eye pain were documented and compared by sta-tistical method .Results The scores of FL in the observation group were reduced (t = - 3 .211 , P <0 .05 ;t = - 3 .312 , P < 0 .05) ; the scores of eye pain in the observation group were reduced (t =- 7 .105 ,P < 0 .05 ; t = - 6 .543 , P < 0 .05) 7 days and 1 months postoperatively as compared with controls .The corneal wound healing of the observation group was improved during the same time peri-od (χ2 = 10 .286 ,P < 0 .05 ;χ2 = 4 .918 ,P < 0 .05) ,The BUT score of the observation group were im-proved (t = 3 .763 ,P < 0 .05 ;t = 3 .833 ,P < 0 .05) .However ,all above differences failed to reach sta-tistical significance 3 months postoperatively (the scores of FL ,t = 0 .328 ,P > 0 .05 ;the scores of eye pain ,t = - 1 .800 , P > 0 .05 ;the corneal wound healing ,χ2 = 1 .018 , P > 0 .05 ;the BUT score ,t =1 .661 ,P > 0 .05) .Conclusions The combination of bandage contact lenses and artificial tears is rec-ommended for the early use after correction of blepharoptosis ,to alleviate eye symptoms and promote corneal wound healing .
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It is well known that many eosinophils are infiltrated in the bronchial and nasal mucosa of allergic patients, and that eosinophil granule proteins can injure the bronchial epithelium. But it is uncertain whether epithelial injury occurs in the nasal mucosa of patients with allergic rhinitis and, if so, whether the injury is related with the eosinophil infiltration. The present study was made with the aim of determining the correlation between eosinophil infiltration and epithelial injury in the nasal mucosa of guinea pigs with experimentally induced nasal allergy. 2,4-Toluene diisocyanate (TDI) is considered to be a causative agent of allergic pulmonary disorder and allergic rhinitis. Guinea pigs were sensitized by applying TDI onto their bilateral nasal vestibules once a day for five consecutive days. Symptom scores, peripheral blood and histopathology of the nasal mucosa in the inferior turbinate were examined in both allergy and control group. The symptom scores were significantly higher in allergy group than in control group and the eosinophils of peripheral blood were found significantly higher in the allergy groups, especially in groups sacrificed 24 and 48 hour after provocation. As well, there was a positive correlation between how heavily infiltrated the eosinophils were and the level of epithelial loss in the nasal mucosa. The correlation was prominent in groups sacrificed 24 and 48 hour after provocation. The findings indicate that the epithelial injury occurs in the nasal mucosa of guinea pigs with nasal allergy and that injury is related to the eosinophil infiltration.