ABSTRACT
Resumen El propósito del presente estudio es examinar la validez de constructo y consistencia interna del Inventario Peruano de Mindfulness y Ecuanimidad. Basado en el análisis factorial y la Teoria de Respuesta al Item (Modelo de Crédito Parcial y el Método de Escalabilidad de Mokken), se examinó la magnitud de los parâmetros y se estimò la varianza de cada uno de los items para contribuir en el constructo general de mindfulness. La muestra del estudio está compuesta por 602 adultos, estudiantes de tres instituciones acadêmicas de educación superior de Lima, Chiclayo y Chimbote en el Perú. Los resultados de estos análisis indican una estructura unidimensional del instrumento, en función a ocho items representados por los atributos de atención, consciencia, aceptación, juicio de valor, y ecuanimidad. Los indicadores de ajuste del modelo de factores oblicuos para los items seleccionados fueron satisfactorios: CEI = .982, RMSEA = .043 (IC90% = .029, .056), SRMR = .048, SB--2 (gl: 35) = 73.415 (p > 0.05).
Abstract The main purpose of this study is to report the construct validity and internal consistency of the Peruvian Inventory of Mindfulness and Equanimity. Based on the factor analysis and the Item response Theory (the Partial Credit Model and the Mokken Scale Analysis), the parameters magnitude was examined, and we estimated the variance of each item of the instrument that contribute to the general construct of mindfulness. The analyses were carried out on a sample of 602 adults, students from three educational institutions at the university level in the cities of Lima, Chiclayo, and Chimbote in Peru. The results of all the analyses performed on this peruvian sample suggest a unidimensional structure of this inventory, based on the eight items selected that include the abilities of attention, consciousness, acceptance, judgment, and equanimity. The goodness of fit index and adjusted goodness of fit index for the oblique factors were satisfactory: CEI = .982, RMSEA = .043 (lC90% = .029, .056), SRMR = .048, SB- -2 (gl: 35) = 73.415 (p > 0.05).
ABSTRACT
The construction of a harmonious hospital-patient relationship requires a sound medical system as a basis,but also the quality of both doctors and patients.For the medical practitioners,the following four medical attitudes is of great significance.The first is equanimity,which is taking the patient-doctor exchanges as equal relationship with choice and being chosen,providing services and accepting services.The second is responsibility,that is able to understand the dialectical relationship between rights and obligations correctly,and take the obligation they should take initiatively.The third is benevolence,that is full of mercy or sympathy towards the patients.The fourth is the heart of fear,that is able to respect their patients and treat the disease with fearand cautiousness because of knowing its ignorance.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: The aims of this study were to assess the morale of Korean elders, to analyze the affecting factors, and to look for the ways to raise their morale. METHODS: The structured interviews and measurements of depression (Four-Item Geriatric Depression Scale and Vulnerability Factors), cognitive function (Short Portable Mental Status Questionnaire) and morale(Measurement of Morale in the Elderly Scale, MMES) were taken for the 50 Korean elders (28 females and 22 males) with age over 65 who were visiting Jong Myo during January to February in 2004. RESULTS: 1) In Korean elders, the mean scores of total MMES were 100.82+/-12.36. According to the items, mean scores of Satisfaction were 43.52+/-5.14, Equanimity 36.80+/-7.53, Will-to-live 20.00+/-4.43. 2) The total MMES scores were significantly affected by variables such as income (p<0.05), economy (p<0.005), elder abuse (p<0.01) and depression (p<0.001). While other variables including age, residence, education, number of children, sex, religion, spouse, job, illness and cognitive function were not related. CONCLUSION: To encourage morale in the Korean elders, economic support by welfarism, socio-legal prevention of elder abuse, and active involvement of geropsychiatrists into the early detection and treatment of depression must be needed.