Evaluation of the Profile and Quality of Sphygmomanometers Available at a Health Education Institution in Belo Horizonte

Abstract Background Arterial hypertension affects around 30% of the Brazilian adult population, showing a direct and progressive relationship with an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). In this context, adjustments in the calibration and physical constitution of sphygmomanometers are essential conditions for obtaining correct blood pressure (BP) measurements. Objectives Analyze the profile and quality of sphygmomanometers used in various sectors of a health education institution in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais. Methods The present study conducted a cross-sectional, observational, and non-interventional study to assess adherence to various quality parameters of the sphygmomanometers available in the outpatient clinic, emergency department, and ward of an educational institution in the municipality of Belo Horizonte. Results We analyzed 78 devices, in which high rates of adherence were identified for velcro/pins, 93.5% (73/78); bulbs/rubbers, 92.1% (70/76); valves, 93.4% (71/76); the seal of the National Institute of Metrology, Quality, and Technology (INMETRO), 97.4% (76/78); and the clock, 92.1% (70/76). However, these parameters showed no statistical significance. Institutions (hospital/outpatient clinic) recorded higher calibration rates, 75% (39/52, p<0.001), in accordance with the deadlines stipulated by INMETRO, and the cuff/equipment compatibility showed its highest value (52%) among students (32/61, p = 0.004). Conclusion Our study showed that 38.4% (30/78) of the devices did not presented some type of inadequacy, with outpatient-owned devices had the highest compliance rate (p = 0.015). These findings are worrisome, as they can lead to inaccurate BP measurements.

Strain Analysis in Cementless Hip Femoral Prosthesis using the Finite Element Method - Influence of the Variability of the Angular Positioning of the Implant / Análise da deformação na prótese femoral não cimentada do quadril pelo método de elementos finitos - Influência da variabilidade do posicionamento angular do implante

Abstract Objective The present study aims to evaluate the influence of different positioning of the hip femoral prosthesis on the stress and strain over this implant. Methods A femoral prosthesis (Taper - Víncula, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil) was submitted to a stress and strain analysis using the finite element method (FEM) according to the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 7206-6 Implants for surgery - Partial and total hip joint prostheses - Part 6: Endurance properties testing and performance requirements of neck region of stemmed femoral components standard. The analysis proposed a branch of the physical test with a +/− 5° angle variation on the standard proposed for α and β variables. Results The isolated +/− 5° variation on the α angle, as well as the association of +/− 5° variation on the α and β angles, presented significant statistical differences compared with the control strain (p= 0.027 and 0.021, respectively). Variation on angle β alone did not result in a significant change in the strain of the prosthesis (p= 0.128). The stem positioning with greatest implant strain was α = 5° and β = 14° (p= 0.032). Conclusion A variation on the positioning of the prosthetic femoral stem by +/− 5° in the coronal plane and/or the association of a +/− 5° angle in coronal and sagittal planes significantly influenced implant strain.

Resumo Objetivo Avaliar a influência da variação do posicionamento da prótese femoral do quadril na tensão e na deformação produzidas neste implante. Métodos Utilizou-se a análise de tensão e de deformação da prótese femoral (Taper, Víncula, Rio Claro, SP, Brasil) pelo método de elementos finitos (MEF) de acordo com a norma ISO 7206-6 Implants for surgery - Partial and total hip joint prostheses-Part 6: Endurance properties testing and performance requirements of neck region of stemmed femoral components. A análise propôs uma ramificação do ensaio físico, com variação da angulação de +/− 5° sobre a proposta normativa das variáveis α e β. Resultados Ao comparar com a deformação controle, houve significância estatística com a angulação isolada de +/− 5° do ângulo α, bem como com a associação de +/− 5° nas angulações α e β (p= 0,027 e 0,021, respectivamente). Já com a variação apenas do ângulo β, não houve variação significativa na deformação da prótese (p= 0,128). A posição da haste com maior deformação no implante foi com α = 5° e β = 14° (p= 0,032). Conclusão A variabilidade de posicionamento da haste femoral protética de +/− 5° no plano coronal e/ou a associação da angulação de +/− 5° nos planos coronal e sagital interferiu de forma significativa na deformação do implante.

Necesidad del enfoque de riesgo metrológico en unidades de salud / Need for a metrological risk approach in health units

RESUMEN El empleo de pruebas complementarias en que intervienen equipos biomédicos, que llevan implícitos instrumentos de medición, indicadores para corroborar las hipótesis médicas y lograr diagnósticos certeros se hace más cada vez más común. Un error en las mediciones puede acarrear compromiso para la vida del paciente. De ahí la importancia de considerar el riesgo metrológico en la evaluación del Sistema de Gestión de las mediciones en salud. Este trabajo tiene como propósito contribuir a la visualización de la necesidad del enfoque de riesgo metrológico en las unidades de salud. Como criterios para la selección de las 80 fuentes consultadas se tomaron la declaración explícita de los autores referida al posicionamiento acerca del constructo riesgo y su visión de la importancia de este enfoque en las organizaciones de salud, durante el período del 2009 al 2020, que justifica plenamente el nivel de actualización de la información. Aparecen referenciados 21 textos con el 67 % de actualización. Se concluye que el índice de riesgo metrológico constituye un instrumento valioso al que deben acceder los gestores en salud promoviendo así la incorporación de nuevas técnicas en su gestión, lo que resultaría valioso para la toma de decisiones. El enfoque de riesgo en la evaluación del desempeño metrológico en salud es necesario, lo que evidenciaría un pensamiento avanzado científicamente, profundo y práctico.

ABSTRACT The use of complementary tests in which biomedical teams intervene, which implicitly carries measuring instruments, indicators to corroborate medical hypotheses and achieve accurate diagnoses is becoming more and more common. An error in measurements can compromise the life of the patient. Hence the importance of considering the metrological risk in the evaluation of the Health Measurements Management System. The purpose of this work is to contribute to the visualization of the need for a metrological risk approach in health units. As criteria for the selection of the 80 sources consulted, the explicit declaration of the authors referring to the position regarding the risk construct and their vision of the importance of this approach in health organizations, during the period from 2009 to 2020, which fully justifies the update information level. 21 texts are referenced with the 67% update. It is concluded that the metrological risk index constitutes a valuable instrument that health managers must access, thus promoting the incorporation of new techniques in their management, which would be valuable for decision-making. The risk approach in the evaluation of metrological performance in health is necessary, which would show a scientifically advanced, deep and practical thinking.

Intra and intersession repeatability and reliability of dynamic parameters in pressure platform assessments on subjects with simulated leg length discrepancy. A cross-sectional research

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Leg length discrepancy (LLD) may play a key role in exercise biomechanics. Although the Podoprint platform has been used in dynamic pressure studies, there are no data regarding the reliability and repeatability of dynamic measurements under simulated LLD conditions. OBJECTIVES: To determine the intra and intersession repeatability and reliability of dynamic parameters of the Podoprint pressure platform under simulated LLD conditions. DESIGN AND SETTING: Observational cross-sectional study at a public university. METHODS: Thirty-seven healthy volunteers participated in this study. LLD was simulated using ethyl vinyl acetate plantar lifts with heights of 5 mm, 10 mm, 15 mm and 20 mm located under the right shoe of each volunteer. The procedure was performed to capture the dynamic parameters of each participant under five different simulated LLD conditions. Stance time, mean pressure and peak pressure measurements were registered in three trials for each foot and each LLD level. Data were collected during two separate testing sessions, in order to establish intrasession and intersession reliability. RESULTS: The intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) for intrasession reliability ranged from 0.775 to 0.983 in the first session and from 0.860 to 0.985 in the second session. The ICCs for intersession reliability ranged from 0.909 to 0.990. Bland-Altman plots showed absence of systematic measurement errors. CONCLUSIONS: The results from this study indicate that the Podoprint platform is a reliable system for assessing dynamic parameters under simulated LLD conditions. Future studies should evaluate plantar pressures under LLD conditions, in association with exercise, biomechanics and musculoskeletal disorders.

Evaluation of the repeatability and matching accuracy between two identical intraoral spectrophotometers: an in vivo and in vitro study

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the repeatability and matching accuracy between two identical intraoral spectrophotometers. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The maxillary right central incisor, canine, and mandibular left central incisor of each of 30 patients were measured using 2 identical intraoral spectrophotometers with different serial numbers (EasyShade V). The color of each shade tab from 3 shade guides (VITA 3D-Master) was also determined with both devices. All measurements were performed by a single operator. Statistical analyses were performed to verify the repeatability, accuracy, and the differences between the devices with paired t-tests, one-way ANOVA, and intra-class correlation coefficients (ICCs) (α=.05). RESULTS: A high level of measurement repeatability (ICC>0.90) among L *, a *, and b * color components was observed within and between devices (P < .001). Intra-device matching agreement rates were 80.00% and 81.11%, respectively, while inter-device matching agreement rate was 51.85%. ANOVA revealed no significant different color values within each device, while paired t-test provided significant different color values between both devices. The CIEDE2000 color differences between both devices were 2.28±1.61 ΔE 00 for in-vivo readings. Regarding the clinical matching accuracy of both devices, ΔE 00 values between teeth and matching shade tabs were 3.05±1.19 and 2.86±1.02, respectively. CONCLUSION: Although two EasyShade V devices with different serial numbers show high repeatability of CIE L*, a*, and b* measurements, they could provide different color values and shade for the same tooth.

Desconexão de cateter para quimioterapia: uma complicação rara? / Detachment of chemotherapy catheters: a rare complication?

Resumo A utilização de cateteres totalmente implantáveis no tratamento quimioterápico constitui uma necessidade que acarreta o risco de múltiplas complicações, algumas inerentes à inserção do dispositivo e outras relacionadas ao próprio cateter. Relatamos três casos nos quais o cateter apresentou-se desacoplado de seu respectivo reservatório. No primeiro caso, ocorreu a desconexão do cateter de seu respectivo reservatório, e nos outros dois casos, verificou-se a fragmentação do cateter. Em todos os casos, foi necessária a retirada endovascular do cateter. Tal desfecho é apontado como raro, mas costuma estar presente na maioria das revisões e traz consigo o risco de complicações graves, ainda que frequentemente seja assintomático. É desejável o acompanhamento de pacientes que possuem tais cateteres a fim de que se possa detectar precocemente tais complicações e compreender os fatores que determinam o aparecimento dessas situações.

Abstract Use of totally implantable catheters for chemotherapy treatment is a necessity, but one which brings with it risks of multiple complications, some inherent to insertion of the device and others related to the catheter itself. We describe three cases in which the catheter became disconnected from its reservoir. In the first case, the catheter became completely detached from its reservoir and in the second and third cases the catheter itself underwent fragmentation. In all three cases it was necessary to withdraw the endovascular catheter. This event is described as rare, but it tends to be present in the majority of reviews and it is associated with the risk of serious complications, even though it is often asymptomatic. It is advisable to follow-up patients who have these catheters implanted in order to detect these complications early and to enable understanding of the factors that cause these situations to occur.

Shunt Overdrainage Caused by Displacement of the Pressure Control Cam after Pressure Adjustment / 대한신경손상학회지

Although the Codman-Hakim programmable valve is one of most popular shunt systems used in the clinical practice for the treatment of hydrocephalus, malfunctions related with this system have been also reported which lead to underdrainage or overdrainage of the cerebrospinal fluid. While obstruction of the ventricular catheter by tissue materials or hematoma and catheter disconnection are relatively common, the malfunction of the valve itself is rare. Herein, we report on a rare case of shunt overdrainage caused by displacement of the pressure control cam after pressure adjustment. A 57-year-old female, who underwent a ventriculoperitoneal shunt eight years ago, experienced aggravating symptoms of shunt overdrainage after pressure adjustment. Displacement of the pressure control cam was revealed on the X-ray, and a shunt revision was performed. The purpose of this report is to provide a working knowledge of the valve structure and to enhance the ability to interpret the valve setting on an X-ray for diagnosis of valve malfunction.

Rastreio e manejo de pacientes com cabos-eletrodos de cardiodesfibriladores Riata com condutores externalizados: revisão da literatura / Screening and management of patients with Riata implantable cardioverter-defibrillator eads with externalized conductors: literature review

Os cabos-eletrodos de cardiodesfibriladores com revestimento de silicone Riata e Riata ST foramextensamente implantados entre os anos de 2003 e 2010. Sua distribuição, porém, foi interrompida após aobservação de exteriorização dos condutores por falha do isolante em diversos casos de mau funcionamento.Esses cabos-eletrodos foram classificados como classe I de recall pelo Food and Drug Administration. Diversosestudos foram realizados desde então para se determinar a incidência e a prevalência de extrusão dos condutores epara avaliar sua correlação com falha elétrica. Também tem sido estudado o melhor método de rastreio e como seconduzir os pacientes portadores desses cabos-eletrodos.

The cardioverter-defibrillator leads with Riata silicone coating and Riata ST were widely deployed between 2003 and 2010. Its distribution, however, was discontinued after observation of externalization of conductors due to insulation failure in several cases of malfunction. These leads were classified as Class I Recall by the Food and Drug Administration. Several studies have been performed since then to determine the incidence and prevalence of extrusion of the conductors and to evaluate their correlation with electrical failure. The best screening method and how to conduct patients with these leads have also been investigated.

Síndrome de Twiddler: reporte de un caso / Twiddler's syndrome: report of a case / Síndrome de Twiddler: reporte de um caso

El síndrome de Twiddler es una complicación infrecuente de los dispositivos de estimulación eléctrica cardíaca; a pesar de su rareza merece ser tenido en cuenta al evaluar pacientes con sospecha de disfunción del marcapasos. Presentamos el caso de un paciente de 62 años portador de marcapasos biventricular quien ingresó al Hospital Universitario San Vicente Fundación por insuficiencia cardíaca descompensada debida a síndrome de Twiddler. Los síntomas se resolvieron con el implante de una nueva terminal de resincronización cardíaca.

Twiddler's syndrome is a rare complication of cardiac conduction devices; despite its low frequency, it should be considered when evaluating patients with suspicion of pacemaker's dysfunction. We report the case of a 62 year old man who consulted Hospital Universitario San Vicente Fundación, in Medellín, Colombia, with decompensated heart failure due to dislodgement of the left ventricle lead of his recently implanted biventricular pacemaker. The patient improved with the placement of a new device.

A síndrome de Twiddler é uma complicação infrequente dos dispositivos de estimulação elétrica cardíaca; apesar de sua raridade merece ser tido em conta ao avaliar pacientes com suspeita de disfunção do marca-passos. Apresentamos o caso de um paciente de 62 anos portador de marca- passos biventricular/desfibrilador quem ingressou ao Hospital Universitário San Vicente Fundação por insuficiência cardíaca descompensada devido a síndrome de Twiddler. Os sintomas se resolveram com o implante de um novo terminal de re-sincronização cardíaca.

Pacemaker Lead Fracture Treated with Splinting and Venoplasty / 대한내과학회지

A 56-year-old man was admitted for pacemaker generator replacement. We identified a partial fracture in the proximal part of the lead just after the conjunction of the atrial and ventricular leads. The atrial lead sensitivity was stable even under intentional pulling and twisting. We deployed a splint made of a suture-sleeve in the fracture site. After burying the malfunctioning ventricular connector behind the pocket, we inserted only a new ventricular lead. However, another complication existed. Venogram showed a total occlusion between the brachiocephalic vein and superior vena cava. After meticulous wiring, we passed the target and dilated the vessel with 8 and 9 Fr dilators. Finally, a new ventricular lead and generator were inserted via a long peel-away sheath. In conclusion, we successfully treated a patient with a partial lead fracture and a brachiocephalic vein occlusion using splinting and venoplasty.

An Innovative Universal Screw Removal Instrument

OBJECTIVE: To present the clinical benefits of an instrument designed to facilitate removal of polyaxial screws during revision surgery. METHODS: All polyaxial screws can be removed without additional materials or a large amount of debridement using our newly designed instrument. Forty-two screws were removed from five patients without any complications using this instrument. RESULTS: We removed the cap screws and rods from the 42 polyaxial screws in five patients and made them monoaxial using the new screw removal apparatus. The screws and rods were removed quickly in a minimally invasive way with no complications. No damage to the pedicle or surrounding soft tissue occurred during screw removal. No neurogenic changes developed during revision surgery after changing the screws. CONCLUSION: This newly designed screw removal instrument was used safely and effectively to remove all polyaxial and monoaxial pedicle screws.

Performance of ICU ventilators during noninvasive ventilation with large leaks in a total face mask: a bench study / Desempenho de ventiladores de UTI durante ventilação não invasiva com grandes vazamentos em máscara facial total: estudo em simulador mecânico

Objective: Discomfort and noncompliance with noninvasive ventilation (NIV) interfaces are obstacles to NIV success. Total face masks (TFMs) are considered to be a very comfortable NIV interface. However, due to their large internal volume and consequent increased CO2 rebreathing, their orifices allow proximal leaks to enhance CO2 elimination. The ventilators used in the ICU might not adequately compensate for such leakage. In this study, we attempted to determine whether ICU ventilators in NIV mode are suitable for use with a leaky TFM. Methods: This was a bench study carried out in a university research laboratory. Eight ICU ventilators equipped with NIV mode and one NIV ventilator were connected to a TFM with major leaks. All were tested at two positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) levels and three pressure support levels. The variables analyzed were ventilation trigger, cycling off, total leak, and pressurization. Results: Of the eight ICU ventilators tested, four did not work (autotriggering or inappropriate turning off due to misdetection of disconnection); three worked with some problems (low PEEP or high cycling delay); and one worked properly. Conclusions: The majority of the ICU ventilators tested were not suitable for NIV with a leaky TFM. .

Objetivo: O desconforto e a falta de adaptação às interfaces de ventilação não invasiva (VNI) são obstáculos ao sucesso da VNI. A máscara facial total (MFT) é uma interface de VNI considerada muito confortável. No entanto, devido a seu grande volume interno e, consequentemente, ao aumento da reinalação de CO2, a MFT tem orifícios que permitem vazamentos proximais para melhorar a eliminação de CO2. É possível que os ventiladores usados na UTI não compensem esse vazamento adequadamente. Neste estudo, buscamos determinar se ventiladores de UTI com módulo de VNI podem ser usados com MFT com grandes vazamentos. Métodos: Estudo em simulador mecânico conduzido em um laboratório universitário de pesquisa. Oito ventiladores de UTI equipados para realizar VNI e um ventilador específico para VNI foram conectados a uma MFT com grandes vazamentos. Todos foram testados com dois níveis de positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP, pressão expiratória final positiva) e três níveis de pressão de suporte. As variáveis analisadas foram disparo do ventilador, ciclagem, vazamento total e pressurização. Resultados: Dos oito ventiladores de UTI, quatro não funcionaram (autodisparo ou desligamento inapropriado por detecção incorreta de desconexão), três funcionaram com alguns problemas (valores baixos de PEEP ou grande atraso na ciclagem do ventilador) e apenas um funcionou adequadamente. Conclusões: A maioria dos ventiladores de UTI testados mostrou-se inadequada para VNI com MFT com grandes vazamentos. .

Outsourcing versus in-house maintenance of medical devices: a longitudinal, empirical study / Mantenimiento de los dispositivos médicos, interno o mediante contratación externa: un estudio longitudinal y empírico

OBJECTIVE: To determine what factors have a significant influence on the performance of medical device maintenance outsourcing, and to determine how the performance of external governance structures differs depending on whether a hospital is private or public. METHODS: This was a longitudinal study of 590 maintenance transactions at 20 hospitals in Bogotá, Colombia, involving 764 medical devices and 72 maintenance service providers. Maintenance performance data (i.e., turn-around time in hours; TAT) for the service providers (either in-house or outsourced) were primarily collected over a 20-month period, from December 2009-August 2011, by means of a monitoring procedure; then, a hazards model was run. RESULTS: The availability of specific repair parts, in-stock, in the city in which the medical devices were located, had a positive impact on the performance of both internal and external governance structures. Online service also had a positive impact on both, with a stronger positive impact on the performance of internal governance than on that of external governance. For transactions governed by external structures, better performance was seen in private hospitals than in public ones. In public health institutions, internal governance showed better performance than external governance. Both internal and external governance structures showed better performance in private healthcare institutions than in public ones. CONCLUSIONS: In public health institutions, internal governance shows better performance than external governance; this suggests that healthcare managers should reconsider the trend to eliminate in-house maintenance service staff in public healthcare institutions.

OBJETIVO: Establecer los factores que influyen significativamente en el desempeño del mantenimiento de los dispositivos médicos mediante contratación externa, y determinar cómo difiere el desempeño de las estructuras externas de gobernanza según un hospital sea privado o público. MÉTODOS: Se realizó un estudio longitudinal de 590 transacciones de mantenimiento en 20 hospitales de Bogotá (Colombia), que incluyeron 764 dispositivos médicos y 72 proveedores de servicio de mantenimiento. Por medio de un procedimiento de vigilancia, se recopilaron principalmente datos de desempeño del mantenimiento (es decir, el plazo de entrega en horas) por parte de los proveedores del servicio (ya fuera este interno o externalizado) durante un período de 20 meses, desde diciembre del 2009 a agosto del 2011; a continuación, se aplicó un modelo de riesgos. RESULTADOS: La disponibilidad de piezas de repuesto específicas en existencia en la misma ciudad en que se ubicaban los dispositivos médicos tuvo una repercusión positiva sobre el desempeño de ambas estructuras de gobernanza, la interna y la externa. El servicio en línea también tuvo una repercusión positiva en el desempeño de ambas estructuras; pero esta repercusión fue más intensa en el desempeño de la gobernanza interna que en el de la externa. En cuanto a las transacciones regidas por estructuras externas, se observó un mejor desempeño en los hospitales privados que en los públicos. En las instituciones de salud pública, la gobernanza interna mostró un mejor desempeño que la externa. Ambas estructuras de gobernanza mostraron un mejor desempeño en las instituciones de atención de salud privadas que en las públicas. CONCLUSIONES: En las instituciones de salud pública, la gobernanza interna muestra un mejor desempeño que la externa; ello indica que los gerentes de atención de salud deben reconsiderar la tendencia a eliminar al personal de los servicios de mantenimiento interno de las instituciones públicas de atención de salud.

Mechanical Failure in Distraction Osteogenesis Using the Intramedullary Skeletal Kinetic Distractor / 대한정형외과학회잡지

In an effort to overcome the drawbacks of distraction osteogenesis using the Ilizarov external fixator, intramedullary lengthening devices have been developed and applied for long bone distraction osteogenesis. Several successful cases have been reported, leading to the next generation of distraction osteogenesis. However, intramedullary lengthening devices have their own problems, such as device failure, difficulty of control of the lengthening degree. The authors report on a case of device failure during distraction osteogenesis using ISKD(R) (Orthofix Inc.) in the distraction phase, and the strategy that involved switching to a lengthening over nail system, which uses the Ilizarov external fixator, in order to obtain the target length.

A Case of Riata(R) Dual Coil Defibrillator Lead Failure in a Patient with Ventricular Fibrillation

A 50-year-old man, who underwent a procedure for an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD), visited the outpatient department of our clinic after suffering multiple ICD shocks. The ICD interrogation revealed recurrent shock due to a high frequency of noise that is sensed by the device as ventricular fibrillation. Chest radiography revealed a significant split in the insulation of the lead allowing the inner wire to protrude. We considered the removal of the failed lead, but the removal of ICD lead is potentially a high risk procedure, so we cut and capped a proximal part of the failed lead and inserted a new lead. This is the first report of a St. Jude Riata(R) dual coil defibrillator lead failure with clinical and radiologic evidence of a defect in lead insulation in Korea.

Quebra de ponta de cânula, no plano gorduroso, durante lipoaspiração / Breakage of the tip of the cannula in the adipose tissue during liposuction

Durante procedimento de lipoaspiração, uma cânula teve seu segmento distal de 3 cm quebrado no plano adiposo. Os autores apresentam, neste trabalho, a conduta adotada para solução do caso, de maneira simples e rápida, com emprego de um intensificador de imagens, sem grandes dificuldades.

During liposuction, 3 cm of the distal segment of the cannula broke within the patient's adipose tissue. We used an image intensifier to easily and quickly address this complication without the development of any sequelae for the patient.

Avaliação das condições de uso de esfigmomanômetros em serviços hospitalares / Evaluación de las condiciones de uso de esfigmomanómetros en servicios hospitalarios / Evaluation of the conditions of use of sphygmomanometers in hospital services

OBJETIVO: Avaliar as condições de uso dos esfigmomanômetros em hospitais públicos e privados. MÉTODOS: Estudo descritivo de abordagem- quantitativa realizado em quatro hospitais de grande porte do Estado de São Paulo, no período entre 2009 e 2010. Os manômetros aneroides foram- testados contra manômetro de mercúrio calibrado. Foram considerados descalibrados quando as diferenças foram > a 4 mmHg. RESULTADOS: Foram avaliados 162 esfigmomanômetros, (78 de um hospital público e 84 de instituições filantrópicas e privada) e 98,1% eram do tipo aneróide.- Verificou-se que 56,2% dos manômetros estavam descalibrados (48,6% do hospital privado e 63,1% dos hospitais públicos). Analisando-se as- médias das diferenças negativas da descalibração, houve diferença significativa entre os manômetros do hospital privado e os dos hospitais públicos- (-6,14±2,66 mmHg vs -8,97±6,74 mmHg, respectivamente, p<0,05). Observou-se ainda que em 70,2% não era feita avaliação periódica; 26,7%- tinham extensão de borracha envelhecida; 20,5% das válvulas apresentaram vazamento; e 27% dos manômetros não estavam com o ponteiro na- marca zero. CONCLUSÃO: A descalibração dos esfigmomanômetros aneróides foi expressiva e pode acarretar avaliação incorreta da pressão arterial.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the conditions of sphygmomanometers in use at public and private hospitals. METHODS: A descriptive study using a quantitative- approach, undertaken in four major hospitals in the State of São Paulo, in the period between 2009 and 2010. The aneroid manometers- were tested against a calibrated mercury manometer. They were considered out of calibration when the differences were > 4 mmHg. RESULTS: We assessed 162 sphygmomanometers (78 in a public hospital and 84 from philanthropic and private institutions) and 98.1% were of the aneroid type.- It was verified that 56.2% of the manometers were not calibrated (48.6% of private hospitals and 63.1% of public hospitals). Analyzing the mean- differences of negative decalibration, there was a significant difference between the manometers of the private hospital and the public hospitals (-6.14- ± 2.66 mmHg vs. -8.97 ± 6.74 mmHg, respectively, p <0.05). It was also observed that in 70.2% there was no periodic evaluation made, 26.7% had- aged rubber extension, 20.5% presented leaking valves, and 27% of the manometers did not rest with the pointer on the zero mark. CONCLUSION: The decalibration of the aneroid sphygmomanometers was significant and may lead to incorrect evaluation of blood pressure.

OBJETIVO: Evaluar las condiciones de uso de los esfigmomanómetros en hospitales públicos y privados.MÉTODOS: Estudio descriptivo de abordaje- cuantitativo realizado en cuatro hospitales de gran porte del Estado de Sao Paulo, en el período entre 2009 y 2010. Los manómetros aneroides fueron- probados contra manómetro de mercurio calibrado. Se consideraron descalibrados cuando las diferencias fueron > a 4 mmHg.RESULTADOS: Fueron- evaluados 162 esfigmomanómetros, (78 de un hospital público y 84 de instituciones filantrópicas y privadas) y el 98,1% eran del tipo aneroide. Se verificó- que el 56,2% de los manómetros estaban descalibrados (48,6% del hospital privado y 63,1% de los hospitales públicos). Analizándose las medias- de las diferencias negativas de la descalibración, hubo diferencia significativa entre los manómetros del hospital privado y los de los hospitales públicos- (-6,14±2,66 mmHg vs -8,97±6,74 mmHg, respectivamente, p<0,05). Se observó aun que en el 70,2% no se realiza la evaluación periódica; 26,7% tenían- extensión de jebe envejecido; el 20,5% de las válvulas presentaron derramamiento; y el 27% de los manómetros no estaban con el puntero en la marca- cero.CONCLUSIÓN: La descalibración de los esfigmomanómetros aneroides fue expresiva y puede acarrear evaluación incorrecta de la presión arterial.- Descriptores: Esfigmomanómetros; Determinación de la presión arterial/instrumentación; Falha de equipamento; Estudios de evaluación- como asunto; Servicios hospitalarios.

Intubação orotraqueal com tubo de duplo-lúmen pela via retrógrada / Retrograde orotracheal intubation with a double-lumen tube / Intubación orotraqueal con tubo de doble lumen por la vía retrógrada

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: O manejo da via aérea difícil em cirurgia torácica é um assunto peculiar, devido às exigências da ventilação monopulmonar com o uso de tubos de duplo-lúmen. O auxílio da broncoscopia flexível é de enorme importância, porém nem sempre está disponível. O objetivo deste relato é descrever um caso de intubação orotraqueal seletiva retrógrada na ausência de equipamento de endoscopia específico para o procedimento. RELATO DO CASO: Paciente com história prévia de retossigmoidectomia internou-se para abordagem cirúrgica de lesão pulmonar por toracotomia direita. Avaliação anestésica pré-operatória não revelava particularidades nem na história clínica nem no exame físico. Após indução anestésica e ventilação com máscara facial, à laringoscopia direta duas tentativas de intubação orotraqueal mostraram-se inefetivas devido à difícil visualização das pregas vocais (Cormack-Lehane grau III). Em função da indisponibilidade de material específico para intubação seletiva endoscópica optou-se pela técnica retrógrada utilizando tubo de duplo-lúmen. O paciente foi extubado na sala cirúrgica logo após o término da cirurgia e não apresentou complicações decorrentes da técnica alternativa. CONCLUSÕES: A intubação orotraqueal seletiva retrógrada mostrou-se uma técnica alternativa minimamente invasiva, de baixo custo, segura e, ainda, extremamente útil quando não se conta com o auxílio da broncoscopia flexível.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Difficult airway management in thoracic surgeries is a peculiar subject due to the demands of monopulmonary ventilation with double-lumen tubes. Flexible bronchoscopy guidance is extremely important, but it is not always available. The objective of this report was to describe a case of retrograde selective orotracheal intubation in the absence of specific endoscopy equipment for the procedure. CASE REPORT: This is a patient with a history of retosigmoidectomy, admitted for a right thoracotomy for a lung lesion. Preoperative anesthetic evaluation did not reveal any clinical and physical exam particularities. After anesthetic induction and ventilation with face mask, two attempts of orotracheal intubation under direct laryngoscopy were ineffective due to difficult visualization of the vocal folds (Cormack-Lehane grade III). Due to the unavailability of specific material for selective endoscopic intubation it was decided to use the retrograde technique using the double-lumen tube. The patient was extubated in the operating room shortly after the end of the surgery without complications secondary to the alternative technique. CONCLUSIONS: Retrograde selective orotracheal intubation is a minimally invasive technique, low cost, safe, and extremely useful whenever flexible bronchoscopy is not available.

JUSTIFICATIVA Y OBJETIVOS: El manejo de la vía aérea difícil en cirugía torácica es un asunto peculiar, debido a las exigencias de la ventilación monopulmonar con el uso de tubos de doble lumen. El auxilio de la broncoscopia flexible es de enorme importancia, sin embargo no siempre está disponible. El objetivo de este relato, es describir un caso de intubación orotraqueal selectiva retrógrada en la ausencia de un equipo de endoscopia específico para el procedimiento. RELATO DEL CASO: Paciente con historial previo de retosigmoidectomía que fue ingresado para el abordaje quirúrgico de la lesión pulmonar por toracotomía derecha. La evaluación anestésica preoperatoria no revelaba particularidades ni en la historia clínica ni en el examen físico. Después de la inducción anestésica y ventilación con máscara facial, en la laringoscopia derecha dos intentos de intubación orotraqueal no tuvieron el efecto esperado debido a una difícil visualización de las cuerdas vocales (Cormack-Lehane grado III). En función de la indisponibilidad de un material específico para la intubación selectiva endoscópica, se optó por la técnica retrógrada utilizando un tubo de doble lumen. El paciente fue desentubado en quirófano enseguida que terminó la operación y no presentó complicaciones provenientes de la técnica alternativa. CONCLUSIONES: La intubación orotraqueal selectiva retrógrada fue una técnica alternativa mínimamente invasiva de bajo coste, segura e incluso extremadamente útil cuando no se cuenta con la ayuda de la broncoscopia flexible.

Falha no funcionamento do ressuscitador manual autoinflável devido à presença de secreções pulmonares ressecadas / Failure of self-inflating manual resuscitator due to the presence of dried pulmonary secretions / Falla en el funcionamiento del resucitador manual autoinflable debido a la presencia de secreciones pulmonares resecadas

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: Os ressuscitadores manuais autoinfláveis (RMA) são dispositivos utilizados para ofertar ventilações para pacientes com necessidade ventilatória. Esses dispositivos são compostos por um conjunto de válvulas que trabalham de forma sequencial e alterações em seu funcionamento podem ser prejudicais ao paciente. RELATO DO CASO: Durante a utilização de RMA, observou-se que a válvula permaneceu fixa devido à presença de secreção pulmonar ressecada, o que impossibilitou a ventilação do paciente, mas não a manipulação da unidade compressível. CONCLUSÕES: Essa situação reafirma que o reanimador é um dispositivo que deve ser usado por profissionais treinados, pois, apesar de as alterações de funcionamento serem raras, podem ser potencialmente fatais.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Self-inflating manual resuscitators (SIMR) are devices used to ventilate patients with ventilatory needs. These devices consist of a set of valves that work sequentially, and changes in their function may be harmful to patients. CASE REPORT: During the use of SIMR, it was observed that the valve remained fixed due to the presence of dried pulmonary secretion, which made it impossible to ventilate the patient, but not manipulate the compressible unit. CONCLUSIONS: This situation reaffirms that the resuscitator is a device that should be used by trained professionals because, although changes in functioning are rare, they can be potentially fatal.

JUSTIFICATIVA Y OBJETIVOS: Los resucitadores manuales autoinflables (RMA), son dispositivos utilizados para dar ventilaciones a pacientes con necesidad ventilatoria. Esos dispositivos están compuestos por un conjunto de válvulas que trabajan de forma secuencial y las alteraciones en su funcionamiento pueden ser dañinas para el paciente. RELATO DEL CASO: Durante la utilización de RMA, observamos que la válvula permaneció fija debido a la presencia de secreción pulmonar resecada, lo que imposibilitó la ventilación del paciente, pero no la manipulación de la unidad comprensible. CONCLUSIONES: Esa situación muestra que el reanimador es un dispositivo que debe ser usado por profesionales entrenados, porque a pesar de que las alteraciones de funcionamiento sean algo raro, si ocurren pueden ser potencialmente fatales.

Queimadura de terceiro grau na região da placa eletrocirúrgica durante artroscopia de ombro: relato de caso / Third-degree burn in the region of the electrosurgical pad during shoulder arthroscopy: a case report

O número de artroscopias de ombro está aumentando e, por causa disso, a frequência de complicações relacionadas também aumenta. O presente caso relata uma queimadura de terceiro grau na região da placa eletrocirúrgica durante esta cirurgia e alerta sobre possíveis causas e como tentar prevenir esta rara, mas possível complicação.

The number of shoulder arthroscopy procedures is increasing and, because of this, the frequency of related complications is also increasing. This report presents a case of third-degree burn from an electrosurgical pad during this procedure and serves as an alert regarding the possible causes and how to try to prevent this rare, but possible complication.