Neiko-erotic: contemporary erotic literature in the light of Freudian psychoanalysis / Neiko-erótica: a literatura erótica contemporânea à luz da psicanálise freudiana

RESUMO: Este texto objetiva apresentar uma leitura da literatura erótica contemporânea a partir da teoria psicanalítica de Sigmund Freud. Percorrendo a história da escrita feminina e da literatura erótica, verifica-se o surgimento da chamada literatura erótica contemporânea. Entre as características desse gênero, destaca-se o cenário das tramas eróticas que torna central um eixo sombrio no qual gravita a sexualidade das personagens que, à luz da teoria freudiana, pode ser lida como um caráter disruptivo, característica fundamental das relações amorosas. Nesse viés, para que a erótica se valha como tal, torna-se necessária a presença de um traço discordante que nomeamos de neiko-erótico.

ABSTRACT: This text aims to present a reading of contemporary erotic literature based on Freud's psychoanalytic theory. Going through the history of women's writing and erotic literature, we can see the emergence of the so-called contemporary erotic literature. Among the characteristics of this genre, the setting of erotic plots stands out, which makes central a dark axis in which the sexuality of the characters gravitates which, in the light of Freudian theory, can be read as the disruptive character, a fundamental characteristic of love relationships. In this bias, for eroticism to be valid as such, the presence of a discordant trait that we call neiko-erotic is necessary.

Do gozo à erótica: crítica do prazer no Seminário Livro VII de Lacan / From pleasure to enjoyment: criticism of pleasure in the Seminar Book VII of Lacan

Resumo: A partir da análise crítica do modo pelo qual Lacan (1986) concebe a noção de prazer, em seu Seminário Livro VII, nosso objetivo é determinar as condições em que, considerando os critérios propostos por Aristóteles para definir tal noção, uma erótica pode resistir à tentação do gozo transgressor.

Abstract: From the critical analysis of the way in which Lacan (1986) understands the notion of pleasure in his Seminar Book VII, our goal is to determine the conditions under which, considering the criteria proposed by Aristotle to define such a notion, an erotic can resist to the temptation of the transgressor enjoyment.

Núcleos neuróticos e não neuróticos / Neurotic and non-neurotic nuclei / Núcleos neuróticos y no neuróticos / Noyaux névrotiques et non névrotiques

Escrito na forma de diálogo com um jovem colega, o artigo tem como ponto de partida material clínico ligado a núcleos neuróticos e não neuróticos em uma mesma paciente. O objetivo é discutir como se constituem esses núcleos, como se dá sua repetição na transferência e como trabalhar com eles na situação analítica.

Written in the form of a dialogue with a young colleague, the article has as its starting point clinical material related to neurotic and non-neurotic nuclei in the same patient. My purpose is to discuss how do these nuclei originate, how their repetition occurs in transference and how to work with them in the analytic situation.

Escrito en forma de diálogo con un joven colega, el artículo tiene como punto de partida material clínico ligado a núcleos neuróticos y no neuróticos en una misma paciente. El objetivo es discutir cómo se constituyen esos núcleos, como se da su repetición en la transferencia y cómo trabajar con ellos en la situación analítica.

Rédigé sous la forme d'un dialogue avec une jeune collègue, l'article a pour point de départ d matériel clinique lié aux noyaux névrotiques et non névrotiques chez une même patiente. L'objectif est de discuter la façon dont se constituent ces noyaux, comment leur répétition apparaît dans le transfert et la manière de travailler avec eux dans la situation analytique.

Efectos de los comerciales con contenido erótico-sexual sobre el recuerdo, actitudes y actividad fisiológica, en relación con el grado de liberalidad / Effects of Ad with Erotic-Sexual Content on Recall, Attitudes and Physiological Activity, in Relation to the Degree of Liberality

Resumen El presente estudio pretendió establecer el efecto de comerciales con contenidos de naturaleza erótico-sexual sobre el recuerdo y las actitudes hacia el anuncio y la marca publicitada. Se analizó la activación fisiológica y se buscaron relaciones con el grado de liberalidad-conservadurismo de cada participante. Para ello, se desarrolló un estudio cuasiexperimental con dos grupos, uno conformado por 29 hombres y el otro por 29 mujeres. Se diseñó un programa de televisión que consistía en un documental sobre la naturaleza en donde se insertaron tres tipos de comerciales: A1 (alto contenido erótico-sexual), A2 (bajo contenido erótico-sexual) y A3 (sin contenido erótico-sexual). Los comerciales fueron clasificados de acuerdo con las categorías empleadas por la NICAM y por la ISFP. Se combinaron los órdenes de aparición de estos comerciales y se eligió el orden que recibió cada participante de manera aleatoria. Posteriormente, fueron conectados a un polígrafo que registró su actividad fisiológica frente al programa que observaban. Una vez terminado el procedimiento, se aplicó un cuestionario para medir el recuerdo y actitudes frente al comercial y a la marca. Los resultados muestran que no existen diferencias significativas entre hombres y mujeres en la activación fisiológica frente a los comerciales con alto grado de erotismo y que el contenido erótico-sexual aportó significativamente a la recordación de la marca. De la misma manera, no se observaron efectos diferenciales de los contenidos eróticos en relación con el grado de liberalidad de los participantes.

Abstract This study aimed to establish the effect of ad with erotic content of a sexual nature on the recall and attitudes toward the ad and the advertised brand, analyzing the physiological activation of individuals and the observed differences between men and women. In addition, the differences in relation to the degree of conservatism of each participant settled. For this, a quasi-experimental study compared two groups, one consisting of 29 men and the other for 29 women developed. Television program was designed consisting in a nature documentary where 3 types of commercial A1 (highly erotic-sexual content), A2 (under erotic-sexual content) and A3 (without erotic-sexual content) were inserted. The commercials were classified according to the categories used by NICAM and the ISFP. The order of appearance of these commercials were combined and the order received each participant was randomly chosen. They were then connected to a polygraph which recorded its physiological activity to the program watching. Once the procedure is completed, a questionnaire was applied to measure memory and attitudes towards trade and off the mark. The results show no significant differences between men and women in physiological arousal against commercial high degree of eroticism and the erotic-sexual content did not contribute significantly improved the brand recall. No differential effects of erotic content depending on the degree of concessionality of participants were observed.

Sexualidad, migraciones y fronteras en contextos de integración sur-sur / Sexualidade, migrações e fronteiras em contextos de integração sul-sul / Sexuality, migrations and borders in contexts of a south-south integration

Resumen Este artículo se pregunta sobre los procesos de diferenciación, jerarquización e inclusión/exclusión de poblaciones migrantes en contextos migratorios sur-sur, y sobre el rol que juega la sexualidad en estos procesos. Partiendo de un estudio etnográfico sobre las migrantes peruanas y colombianas en el sector del comercio sexual de Ecuador, se analiza la manera en que la sexualidad se convierte en un sitio privilegiado para re-imaginar las diferencias y jerarquías nacionales en un mundo globalizado e integrado regionalmente, y se explica cómo los regímenes de control sobre las migraciones y la sexualidad femenina se articulan entre sí para restablecer el orden idealizado de la nación.

Resumo Este artigo interroga os processos de diferenciação, hierarquização e inclusão/exclusão de populações migrantes em contextos migratórios sul-sul, e sobre o papel da sexualidade nestes processos. A partir de um estudo etnográfico sobre migrantes peruanas e colombianas no setor do comercio sexual do Equador, analisa a maneira como a sexualidade se converte em um espaço privilegiado para re-imaginar as diferenças e hierarquias nacionais em um mundo globalizado e integrado regionalmente, e explica como os regimes de controle sobre as migrações e a sexualidade feminina se articulam para reestabelecer a ordem idealizada da nação.

Abstract This article inquires on the processes of differentiation, hierarchization and inclusion/exclusion of migrant populations in South-South migration contexts, and the role sexuality plays in these processes. Based on an ethnographic study about Peruvian and Colombian migrant women in the Ecuadorian sex sector, it analyzes the ways in which sexuality becomes a privileged site to re-imagine national differences and hierarchies in a globalized and regionally integrated world, and it explains how control regimes on migration and female sexuality come together to restore the idealized order of the nation.

The pulsional defusion and destinations of sexuality beyond genitality / La defusión pulsional y los destinos de la sexualidad más allá de la genitalidad

Despite all the evidence accumulated. and scientifically proved – from the fields of biological, psychological and social to the fact that sexuality in all its forms is essential for physical and mental health of individuals, to their gender identity and maintaining self-esteem among other things, the society is still trying to make the old invisible to the call of desire. This fact displays the entire fabric of prejudicial stereotypes that constitute the ageism and that becomes popular belief that “most of the old have no sexual desire or activity and those few who have it are morally perverse or at least, abnormal (old man). Even doctors, who should know better, often take the position that sexuality is not important or necessary in old age” (Palmore, 1990). The result is that many times “the old person folds the conventional ideal that is proposed. He fears the scandal or simply ridiculous. Becomes a slave of gossips. Is imbued with the slogans of decency, chastity imposed by society. The shame of his own desires are denied, refused to be in his own eyes an old lubricious, a shameless old. It defends the sexual urges to the point of repressing into the unconscious” (Beauvoir, 1970). This also works against the possibility of rebuilding couples to widows and widowers in old age. The shame of his own desires are denied, refused to be in his own eyes an old lubricious, a shameless old. It defends the sexual urges to the point of repressing into the unconscious” (Beauvoir, 1970). This also works against the possibility of rebuilding couples to widows and widowers in old age.

A pesar de toda la evidencia acumulada. y comprobada científicamente – desde los campos biológicos, psicológicos y sociales sobre el hecho de que la sexualidad en todas sus formas es esencial para la salud física y mental de los sujetos, para su identidad de género y para el mantenimiento de la autoestima entre otras cosas, la sociedad continúa tratando de hacer a los viejos invisibles al llamado del deseo. Para ello despliega todo el entramado de los estereotipos prejuiciosos que constituyen el viejismo y que deviene en la creencia popular que “la mayoría de los viejos no tienen ni actividad ni deseo sexual y que aquellos pocos que la tienen son moralmente perversos o por lo menos anormales (viejo verde). Aun los médicos, que deberían saberlo mejor, frecuentemente asumen la postura de que la sexualidad no es importante ni necesaria en la vejez” (Palmore, 1990). El resultado es que muchas veces “la persona de edad se pliega al ideal convencional que le es propuesto. Teme el escándalo o simplemente el ridículo. Se vuelve esclava del que dirán. Se imbuye de las consignas de decencia, de castidad impuestas por la sociedad. Sus propios deseos la avergüenza, los niega; se rehúsa a ser ante sus propios ojos un viejo lúbrico, una vieja desvergonzada. Se defiende de los impulsos sexuales al punto de reprimirlos en el inconsciente” (Beauvoir, 1970). Esto también juega en contra de la posibilidad de rehacer parejas a los viudos y viudas en la vejez.

A study on the differences in ERP during sexual arousal elicited by different types of sexual picture in adult men / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective To observe the differences in event related potential(ERP) during sexual arousal elicited by different types of sexual picture in adult men.Methods An implicitly emotional task and a modified oddball paradigm were used.The differences were recorded in EEG with ERP when sexual arousal was induced by heterosexual couple erotic picture,male erotic picture and female erotic picture in fifteen health men.Results The amplitudes of N2 at Fz and P3 at Pz induced by male-female erotic picture ((2.32 ± 1.70) μV,(16.62 ± 2.16) μV),male erotic picture ((1.58 ± 1.33) μ V,(15.82 ± 1.64)μV) and female erotic picture ((1.23 ± 1.47)μV,(14.54 ± 2.00)μV)were not significant differences (P ＞ 0.05).But the amplitudes of N2 and P3 elicited by neutral human picture((-6.01 ± 1.35)μV,(11.36 ± 1.81) μV) were smaller than each type erotic picture (P ＜ 0.05).There was statistical significance in PSW at Cz elicited by different types of erotic picture.The PSW elicited by male-female erotic picture((12.59 ± 1.13)μV) was significantly higher than female erotic picture((10.38 ±0.76) μV) and male erotic picture((8.80 ±0.89) μV) (P＜0.05).However,there was no significant difference in PSW component between male erotic picture and female erotic picture.Conclusion The level of sexual arousal elicited by explicit heterosexual couple erotic pictures is highest and the attention also maintains longest in heterosexual male.

A study on differences of cognitive mechanism in processing different types of sexual picture in female university students / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

ObjectiveTo observe female university students' differences of cognitive mechanism in processing different types of sexual picture from International Affective Picture System (IAPS).MethodsUsing event related potential (ERP),the differences of the amplitudes of N2,P3 and PSW were examined induced by the neutral pictures and different types of erotic pictures.ResultsThe amplitudes of N2 ( (0.99 ±1.69 ) μV) and P3 ( ( 17.27 ± 1.45 ) μV) elicited by heterosexual couple erotic pictures were highest,followed by the male erotic pictures( ( -0.02 ± 1.83 ) μV,( 15.92 ± 1.26 ) μV),and then were the female erotic pictures ( ( -0.22 ± 1.56)μV,( 15.49 ±1.34) μV).There was statistical significance in N2 and P3 between heterosexual couple erotic pictures and female erotic pictures ( P ＜0.05 ).There was no significant difference in PSW component between heterosexual couple erotic pictures( ( 15.22 ± 1.98 ) μV) and female erotic pictures ( ( 14.53 ± 1.75 ) μV ),but the PSW induced by male erotic pictures (( 10.93 ± 2.60 )μV) was significantly smaller than the other sexual pictures (P＜0.05).ConclusionThe level of sexual arousal elicited by explicit heterosexual couple erotic pictures is highest and also the attention maintains longest.

Prazer, gozo e realidade no mundo contemporâneo / Placer, goce y realidad en el mundo contemporáneo / Pleasure, indulgence and reality in the contemporary world

O autor aborda as diferenças existentes entre a realidade imperante na época freudiana e na época atual. Na modernidade, a realidade estava caracterizada por uma ordem repressiva que, embora favorecesse o surgimento da doença neurótica, permitia a rebeldia e o questionamento criativo. Na pós-modernidade, a defecção estrutural da figura do Pai e o colapso ético inerente ao enfraquecimento da legalidade geram uma realidade cultural que propicia as políticas de gozo - adições, transtornos alimentares e condutas transgressivas. Diante da não imposição do limite subjetivante e da não transmissão de valores éticos, o sujeito tende a naufragar numa pulsionalidade acéfala e num hedonismo egocêntrico que desconhece a alteridade. A contradição instala-se, então, entre o gozo auto-erótico e o princípio do prazer, de modo que a tarefa analítica consiste em delimitar o gozo para que o sujeito possa transcender seu universo narcisístico-pulsional e ter acesso, assim, ao plano sublimatório, caracterizado pelos prazeres discursivos. O autor insiste na necessidade de que os analistas sustentem uma prática clínica baseada na ética da diferença, já que o imaginário social busca desmentir das diferenças sexuais e geracionais. Com essa finalidade, mostra como se tende a abolir - inclusive por certas correntes analíticas - as categorias diagnósticas de saúde e doença psíquica; a validar o impreciso conceito de gênero; a exaltar as posições narcisísticas e a legitimar - como meros estilos existenciais - condições patológicas como o transexualismo e as perversões. Finaliza o artigo fazendo algumas considerações sobre a prática clínica atual que deve ser inscrita num horizonte de legalidade simbólica e deve estar destinada a delimitar, sem concessões, os gozos sem alteridade, para acessar criativamente o campo do princípio do prazer com a ética desiderativa que lhe é inerente.

The author approaches the existing differences between the reality in the the Freudian and current times. In the Modem Age, reality was characterized by a repressive order that, although favored the appearance of neurotic disease, allowed the rebellion and the creative questioning. In post-modernity the structural defection of the father figure and the inherent ethical collapse to the weakening of legality generate a cultural reality that provides the policies of indulgence addictions, eating disorders, and transgressive conducts. When boundaries that lead to subjectivity are not imposed, and ethical values not transmitted, the subject tends to drawn in an acephalus impulsiveness and in an egocentric hedonism that ignores alterity. The contradiction is then installed between the auto-erotic indulgence and the pleasure principle, so that the analytical task is to frame indulgence to enable the subject to transcend his/her narcissistic-instinctual universe, and therefore have access to the sublimatory level, characterized by the discursive pleasures. The author insists that the analysts must sustain a clinical practice based on the ethics of difference, since the social imaginarium tries to deny differences between genders and generations. With this objective, the author demonstrates that there is a trend towards abolishing - by means of certain analytical schools - the diagnostic categories of psychic health and disease; towards validating the imprecise concept of gender, exalting narcissistic positions, and legitimating - as mere living styles - pathological conditions such as transsexualism and perversions.The article is concluded with some considerations on the current clinical practice, which should be inscribed in a horizon of symbolic legality, and destined to frame, with no exceptions, indulgence without alterity, in order to access creatively the field of the pleasure principle, with the desiderative ethics that is inherent to it.

El autor señala las diferencias existentes entre la realidad imperante en la época freudiana y la actual. En la modernidad la realidad estaba signada por un orden represivo, que si bien favorecía la emergencia de la enfermedad neurótica, permitía la rebeldía y el cuestionamiento creativo. En la posmodernidad, la defección estructural de la figura del Padre y el colapso ético inherente al debilitamiento de la legalidad, genera una realidad cultural que propicia las políticas de goce - adicciones, trastornos alimenticios y conductas transgresivas. Al no imponerse el límite subjetivante ni trasmitirse valores éticos, el sujeto tiende a naufragar en una pulsionalidad acéfala y en un hedonismo egocéntrico, que desconoce la alteridad. La contradicción se instala pues entre el goce autoerótico y el principio del placer, de modo que la tarea analítica consiste en acotar el goce, para que el sujeto pueda trascender su universo narcisístico-pulsional y acceder así al plano sublimatorio, signado por los placeres discursivos. El autor insiste en la necesidad de que los analistas sostengan una práctica clínica basada en la ética de la diferencia, dado que el imaginario social busca desmentir de las diferencias sexuales y generacionales. A tal efecto muestra como se tiende a abolir - incluso por ciertas corrientes analíticas - las categorias diagnósticas de salud y enfermedad psíquica; a validar el impreciso concepto de género; a exaltar las posiciones narcisísticas y a legitimar - como meros estilos existenciales - a condiciones patológicas tales como el transexualismo y las perversiones. Finaliza el artículo haciendo algunas consideraciones sobre la práctica clínica actual, la que debe inscribirse en un horizonte de legalidad simbólica, y debe estar destinada acotar sin concesiones los goces sin otredad, para acceder creativamente al campo del principio del placer con la ética desiderativa que le es inherente.

La defusión pulsional y los destinos de la sexualidad más allá de la genitalidad / The pulsional defusion and destinations of sexuality beyond genitality

A pesar de toda la evidencia acumulada - y comprobada científicamente -desde los campos biológicos, psicológicos y sociales sobre el hecho de que la sexualidad en todas sus formas es esencial para la salud física y mental de los sujetos, para su identidad de género y para el mantenimiento de la autoestima entre otras cosas, la sociedad continúa tratando de hacer a los viejos invisibles al llamado del deseo. Para ello despliega todo el entramado de los estereotipos prejuiciosos que constituyen el viejismo y que deviene en la creencia popular que “la mayoría de los viejos no tienen ni actividad ni deseo sexual y que aquellos pocos que la tienen son moralmente perversos o, por lo menos, anormales (viejo verde). Aun los médicos, que deberían saberlo mejor, frecuentemente asumen la postura de que la sexualidad no es importante ni necesaria en la vejez” (Palmore, 1990). El resultado es que muchas veces “la persona de edad se pliega al ideal convencional que le es propuesto. Teme el escándalo o simplemente el ridículo. Se vuelve esclava del que dirán. Se imbuye de las consignas de decencia, de castidad impuestas por la sociedad. Sus propios deseos la avergüenzan, los niega; se rehusa a ser ante sus propios ojos un viejo lúbrico, una vieja desvergonzada. Se defiende de los impulsos sexuales al punto de reprimirlos en el inconsciente” (Beauvoir, 1970). Esto también juega en contra de la posibilidad de rehacer parejas a los viudos y viudas en la vejez...

Despite all the evidence accumulated - and scientifically proved - from the fields of biological, psychological and social to the fact that sexuality in all its forms is essential for physical and mental health of individuals, to their gender identity and maintaining self-esteem among other things, the society is still trying to make the old invisible to the call of desire. This fact displays the entire fabric of prejudicial stereotypes that constitute the ageism and that becomes popular belief that "most of the old have no sexual desire or activity and those few who have it are morally perverse or at least , abnormal (old man). Even doctors, who should know better, often take the position that sexuality is not important or necessary in old age” (Palmore, 1990). The result is that many times "the old person folds the conventional ideal that is proposed. He fears the scandal or simply ridiculous. Becomes a slave of gossips. Is imbued with the slogans of decency, chastity imposed by society. The shame of his own desires are denied, refused to be in his own eyes an old lubricious, a shameless old. It defends the sexual urges to the point of repressing into the unconscious"(Beauvoir, 1970). This also works against the possibility of rebuilding couples to widows and widowers in old age...

Contribuciones del diccionario computarizado del ADL a las investigaciones clínicas / Contributions of the DLA computerized dictionary to clinical research

El trabajo expone sintéticamente algunas investigaciones centradas en el discurso de pacientes y otras centradas en el discurso del terapeuta. En un grupo de estas investigaciones, los resultados del análisis con el diccionario se combinan con los resultados de los análisis con otros instrumentos del ADL, mientras que en otras investigaciones solo se toman en cuenta los estudios con el programa computarizado. Las investigaciones centradas en el discurso del paciente muestran: 1) la sensibilidad del programa para detectar cambios en las escenas desplegadas en las sesiones, 2) la sensibilidad predictiva del programa en cuanto a escenas que aún el paciente no desplegó ni relató, 3) los deseos estadísticamente dominantes en la primera sesión de 12 pacientes de diferente grado de gravedad, 4) los deseos estadísticamente dominantes en la primera entrevista de 7 pacientes afásicos de diferente grado de gravedad. Las investigaciones centradas en el discurso del terapeuta muestran: 1) la contribución del programa para el análisis de la contra-transferencia erótica en un tratamiento, 2) los deseos estadísticamente dominantes durante la primera sesión en un terapeuta con 7 diferentes pacientes, 3) los deseos estadísticamente dominantes durante la primera sesión en un terapeuta con 6 pacientes afásicos. El trabajo termina con una descripción de diferentes estrategias de empleo del diccionario, que incluyen diferentes combinaciones con los restantes de ADL, etc.

The study synthetically exposes some researches focusing on the discourse of the patients and others focusing on the discourse of the therapist. In a group of these investigations, the results of the analysis with the dictionary are combined with the results of the analysis with other instruments of the DLA, whilst in other researchesonly investigation with the computerized program is taken into account. Research focusing on the patient’s discourse shows: 1) the sensibility of the program to detectchanges in the scenes unfolded in sessions, 2 the predictive sensibility of the program regarding scenes that the patient hasn´t unfolded or narrated yet, 3) the statistically dominant wishes in the first session of 12 patients with different degrees of affliction, 4) the statistically dominant wishes in the first session of 7 aphasic patients with different degrees of affliction. Research centred on the discourse of the therapist shows: 1) the contribution of the program for the analysis of the erotic counter-transference in treatment, 2) the statistically dominant wishes in a therapist during a first sessionwith 7 different patients, 3) the statistically dominant wishes in a therapist during a first session with 6 aphasic patients. The study ends with a description of the different function strategies of the dictionary that include different combinations with otherinstruments of the DLA, etc.

Núcleos neuróticos e não neuróticos: constituição, repetição e manejo na situação analítica / Nucleos neuróticos y no-neuróticos: constitución, repetición y manejo en la situación analítica / Neurotic and non-neurotic nuclei: constitution, repetition and handling in analytic situation

Investiga-se a questão da constituição, repetição e manejo de núcleos neuróticos e não neuróticos em uma mesma analisanda. Considerou-se a perspectiva transgeracional para imaginar, a partir da situação transferencial-contratransferencial, que elementos inconscientes poderiam estar na origem desses núcleos. Propõe-se a hipótese de que elementos tanáticos não simbolizados pelas figuras parentais, evacuados e alojados pela psique em formação, estão na origem dos núcleos não neuróticos (do sofrimento narcísico-identitário); e elementos-beta eróticos, não simbolizados pelas figuras parentais, evacuados e alojados pela psique em formação, estão na origem dos núcleos neuróticos

Se investiga la constitución, repetición y manejo de núcleos neuróticos y no-neuróticos en una misma paciente. La perspectiva transgeneracional es empleada para imaginar qué elementos inconscientes de la generación anterior podrían estar en su origen. La experiencia clínica de la autora la lleva a pensar que los elementos tanáticos no-simbolizados de las figuras parentales, evacuados y alojados por la psique en formación, estarían en el origen de núcleos no-neuróticos (del sufrimiento narcisístico-identificador), mientras que los elementos eróticos no-simbolizados estarían en el origen de los núcleos neuróticos

The author investigates the constitution, repetition and handling of neurotic and non-neurotic nuclei, all in the same patient. From a transgenerational perspective, she brainstorms the unconscious elements which could be in the origin of these nuclei. She proposes the hypothesis that thanatic non-symbolized elements, evacuated by parental figures and lodged by the psyche in formation, originate non-neurotic nuclei, while erotic non-symbolized elements originate neurotic nuclei

Eros y Tánatos / Eros and thanatos

Eros and Thanatos, respectively, love and death, are universal subjects in which human beings have been interested since the beginning of history and also probably, their access to language. The greatest philosophers, poets and novelists have focused on these subjects in their reflections and/or their own development. Fully conscious of the lack of moderation of the task proposed, the author intends to make a modest contribution to these two concepts and what they represent, inspired by two sources: classical myths, on the one hand, and the work of some poets and thinkers, mainly Plato, Goethe and Rilke, on the other hand. Eros or love In most ancient Greek myths, eros is considered as one of the great constitutive and constituent principles of the universe, as the irresistible force allowing the continuity of life in human beings and animals, in the earth and in the waters. But eros is also a god and his legend shows us some essential features of love: 1. Love is involuntary, it occurs, it happens, like a disease. Eros had the mission of punishing Psyche for her beauty, thus avenging the jealous Aphrodite, his mother. And however, it was enough for him to look upon her only once to become impassioned by her. But this passion goes together with its opposite, liberty, because love always carries implicit a choice. 2. Love, unlike friendship, which is slowly shaped, appears in a sudden way, represented by the arrows used by Eros (Cupid) to inflame lovers' hearts. Safo described this phenomenon of suddenness superbly. 3. The myth also teaches us the exclusive character of love. This feature separates love from erotism. Some verses by the poet Gonzalo Rojas are quoted to illustrate what he calls <> to exclusiveness. 4. Another characteristic of love inferred from the myth is transgression, which almost always accompanies it. Eros did not have the right to fall in love with a mortal woman and, however, he is not able to withdraw from the feeling invading him. Great loves in the history of literature, such as Romeo and Juliet, Werther or Anna Karenina, are essentially presented in a background of transgression. 5. In mythical narrative there are two other elements, though not essential, which are worthy of interest in this context: that Psyche, the beautiful woman in love, be the representative of the human soul, and that one of her attributes be curiosity. The subject of eros cannot be approached without mentioning <> by Plato. From this memorable text the author underlines part of the content of two of the speeches, the one by Aristophanes and the one by Socrates. From the myth of the androgyne, narrated by the former, at least three teachings are deduced: first, that the strength of eros would derive from the nostalgia felt by the lover for the loved one, or vice versa, since in a remote past their bodies would have been merged, to be violently separated by Zeus in some moment; second, love would consist of a search and eventual recognition of that <>; and third, this recognition would occur through a symbolon, a sort of countersign that humans gave each other on the moment of being separated. Thanatos or death The etymological root of the word thanatos is tha and it is curious that the only other Greek word with the same root is thalamon, the nuptial chamber. The thalamon is the place of the house where the wife lives, and it is the most central room but also the darkest. Thanatos or death appears, then, related on the one hand to darkness and confinement, and on the other hand, to woman and love. The love and death context is illustrated by a beautiful poem by Gonzalo Rojas, simply named <>. In the realm of psychology and psychiatry, Sabine Spiel rein, but particularly Sigmund Freud, counterposed the death impulse or instinct (Todestrieb) to a life instinct. However, philosophers like Hegel and Heidegger have conceived death as an essential part of life. Heidegger even states that it is the most proper possibility of human existence. In order to deepen the context of love (or life) and death, this author proceeds to analyze the famous poem by Goethe <> (Blessed longing), inspired by the love of the butterfly for the flame, which will mean its death. It is here where Goethe postulates his famous principle of Stirb-werde (dying and becoming). But who has taught us the most about the harmony between life and death is the Prague-born German poet, Rainer Maria Rilke, particularly in his famous Duino Elegies and in his requiems. Before analyzing some of these poems, the author quotes a letter written by Rilke to his editor in Polish, where he affirms, among other things, the following: <>. In the elegies the poet teaches us regarding our subject: first, that the human being is the only being in the universe aware of death, because neither animals nor gods know it; second, that awareness of death is the origin of anxiety, but at the same time, what gives meaning to life; third, that the mission of the human being in life is twofold: <> to things, that is to say, to make them be born from nothingness, and then <> them from their mortality, from death, to make them <>, that is to say, making them eternal. Now, if the mission of human being in relation to the things is to name and to save them, with respect to him/herself, his/her task will be <>. In sum, thanatos does not mean destruction nor is the source of all our misfortunes, but an essential part of life itself. As ethimology taught us, thanatos has a common origin with thalamon, that place in the house where the mother and wife lives. It is perhaps the darkest, but at the same time the most central part of the house. Human life can be conceived as the way from this center and back to it.

Eros y Tánatos, o el amor y la muerte, son temas universales que han preocupado al hombre desde los comienzos de la historia. Los más grandes filósofos, poetas y novelistas han puesto estos temas en el centro de su reflexión o desarrollo. El autor se propone hacer un modesto aporte a estos conceptos, inspirado en dos fuentes: los mitos clásicos, por una parte, y la obra de algunos poetas y pensadores, como Platón, Goethe y Rilke, por otra. Eros o el amor En los mitos griegos más antiguos, el eros es considerado como uno de los grandes principios constitutivos y constituyentes del universo. Pero al mismo tiempo es un dios y su leyenda nos muestra algunos rasgos esenciales del amor: 1. El amor es involuntario, ocurre, pasa, como una enfermedad. Eros tenía la misión de castigar a Psiquis por su belleza, para vengar así a la celosa Afrodita, su madre. Y sin embargo, le bastó mirarla una vez para caer encendido en el sentimiento amoroso. 2. El amor, a diferencia de la amistad -que se va forjando lentamente-, aparece en forma súbita, hecho representado en las flechas que emplea Eros o Cupido para encender el corazón de los amantes. 3. El mito nos enseña también el carácter exclusivo del amor. Este rasgo distancia al amor del erotismo. 4. Otra característica del amor que se desprende del mito es la trasgresión que casi siempre lo acompaña. Eros no tenía derecho de enamorarse de una mortal y, sin embargo, no es capaz de sustraerse al sentimiento que lo invade. 5. Hay otros dos elementos en el relato mítico que, aunque no esenciales, son de interés en este contexto: que Psiquis, la bella enamorada, sea la representante del alma humana y que uno de sus atributos sea la curiosidad. No se puede abordar el tema del eros sin mencionar <> de Platón. De este texto memorable, el autor destaca dos de los discursos, el de Aristófanes y el de Sócrates. Del primero se desprenden al menos tres enseñanzas: 1. Que la fuerza del eros derivaría de la añoranza que siente el amante por la amada, o viceversa, puesto que en un pasado remoto sus cuerpos habrían estado unidos, para ser violentamente separados por Zeus. 2. El amor consistiría en una búsqueda y eventual reconocimiento de esa <>. 3. Este reconocimiento ocurriría a través de un symbolon, una suerte de contraseña que nos dimos los humanos unos a otros antes de ser separados. Tánatos o la muerte La raíz etimológica de thanatos es tha y la única otra palabra griega con la misma raíz es thalamon, el tálamo nupcial. El thalamon es el lugar de la casa donde habita la esposa y es la habitación más central, pero también la más oscura. Thanatos o la muerte aparece vinculada entonces, por un lado, a la oscuridad y al encierro y, por otro, a la mujer y al amor. En el ámbito de la psicología y la psiquiatría, Sabine Spielrein y sobre todo Sigmund Freud contrapusieron, al instinto de vida, el impulso o instinto de muerte (Todestrieb). Sin embargo, filósofos como Hegel y Heidegger han concebido la muerte como parte esencial de la vida. En orden a profundizar el contexto vida (o amor) y muerte, el autor procede a analizar el famoso poema de Goethe, <> (<>), donde postula su famoso principio del Stirb-werde (muere para llegar a ser), poema inspirado en el amor de la mariposa por la llama, que significará su muerte. Pero quien más nos ha enseñado la armonía de la vida y de la muerte es el poeta Rainer Maria Rilke, particularmente en sus famosas Elegías del Duino y en sus réquiems. En las elegías, el poeta nos enseña al respecto: 1. Que el hombre es el único ser en el universo que tiene conciencia de la muerte. 2. Esa conciencia de la muerte es el origen de la angustia pero, al mismo tiempo, lo que le da sentido a la vida. 3. Que la misión del hombre en su vida es doble: <> de su caducidad, de la muerte, haciéndolas <>, es decir, eternizándolas. Ahora, si la misión del hombre con respecto a las cosas es nombrarlas y salvarlas, con respecto a sí mismo su tarea será <>. En suma, tánatos no significa destrucción ni tampoco es la fuente de todas nuestras desgracias, sino que es parte esencial de la vida misma. Como nos enseña la etimología, thanatos tiene el mismo origen que thalamon, el lugar de la casa donde habita la madre y esposa: quizás el más oscuro, pero también el más central. La vida humana es el camino desde y hacia ese centro.

Deconstrucción de la erótica de la vejez en Occidente / Desconstruction of the eroticism in the elderly in the West

Este artículo deconstruye la erótica contemporánea en el envejecimiento focalizando en las diversas modalidades en que esta temática fue narrada en ciertos pueblos, momentos históricos y religiones de Occidente. Se desarrollan las narrativas producidas en el pueblo judío, la antigüedad griega y romana, los padres de la Iglesia, la modernidad y la posmodernidad. La investigación se inscribe dentro de los estudios culturales y contiene búsquedas históricas acerca de los significados atribuidos a esta temática utilizando fuentes directas e indirectas. Los resultados presentan la erótica en la vejez con significados diversos y dinámicos en la historia, hallando continuidades y discontinuidades narrativas.

This article deconstruct the contemporary erotic of ageing, focusing on the diverse modalities in which this theme was related by different people and religions in Western Culture. The focus is on the narratives of the Jewish People, the Antiquity Greek and Roman, the Christians, the Modernism and Post Modernism. The investigation is inscribed in the cultural studies and contains historical research about the meanings of this topic using direct and indirect sources. The results show the erotic of ageing with different and dynamics senses in history, finding continuities and discontinuities in their narratives.

Literturas eróticas comparadas: a partir da moqueca de maridos. Mitos eróticos / Comparative erotic literature

Uma coletânea de contos recentemente publicada em língua francesa evoca de maneira muito agradável as culturas eróticas de seis populaçõesindígenas da Amazônia. Sua apresentação permite observarmos nossa cultura erótica de um ângulo inédito. Os índios da Amazônia atribuem aoerotismo oral uma importância análoga, assim nos parece, à que nós atribuímos ao erotismo sádico por eles negligenciado. Isso transforma toda a cultura (sexual). Assim, os contos mostram as singularidades da nossa própria cultura (sexual) e nossos modos particulares de elaboração, dentre outros, da diferença sexual, da posição fálica e do narcisismo.

A compilation of stories recently published in French reminds us in a very pleasant manner of the erotic cultures present in six Amazon indigenouspopulations. Its presentation allows us to observe our erotic culture from adifferent angle. We postulate that Amazonian Indians attribute oral eroticisma similar importance than the one we offer sadistic eroticism, neglected by their own culture. This transforms all of (sexual) culture. Therefore, these stories show the singularities of our own (sexual) culture, as well as our particular ways of elaborating sexual difference, phallic position and narcissism.

The Effects of Sexual Excitement Induced by Visual Erotic Stimulation on Serum Dopamine and Testosterone / 대한남성과학회지

PURPOSE: Male sexual desire and erection are directly or indirectly affected by hormone and neuroendocrine response. We investigate the changes of the serum dopamine and testosterone level by visual erotic stimulation-induced sexual excitement. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The age of volunteers was ranged from 25 to 65 years, with an average of 45.5years. Serum were collected at rest and after visual erotic stimulation. Sexual excitement induced by erotic film for 30 minutes and erectile status was monitored by Rigiscan. The response of visual erotic stimulation were divided into three groups according to degree of sexual excitement. i.e. no response (Group I), mild excitement(Group II), excitement (Group III). RESULTS: Although some changes were observed in serum dopamine and testosterone level of all 32 patients after visual erotic stimulation, it did not showed statistically signigicant change (p=0.450, p=0.058). According to excitement response, group I and II were not showed statistically significant change in both dopamine and testosterone. Only dopamine of the group III was showed statistically change (dopamine: p=0.041, testosteron: p=0.257) CONCLUSIONS: In this study, serum testosterone level is not showed significant change irrespective of the degree of sexual excitement induced by visual erotic stimulation. However, serum dopamine was changed with statistically significance only in sexual excitement group.

Problems with interpretation of primary diagnostic tests for impotence / 대한비뇨기과학회지

We analyzed the practical problems and factors which affect making the correct differential diagnosis in the interpretation or test results from the nocturnal penile tumescence (NPT) test and erotic stimulation test (EST). This was done to provide better information for higher diagnostic accuracy in the clinical application of these tests. The followings are the results of NPT tests and EST identifying the factors affecting correct differential diagnosis by comparison the other differential diagnostic methods. The overall sensitivity of NPT test (Number: 114 total patients) was 82%. 21 cases (18%) could not be diagnosed correctly due to traction of the sensor (12 cases, 10%) and sleep disturbance (9 cases, 8%). The overall sensitivity of EST (Number: 174 total patients) without considering the degree of patient`s sexual drive to erotic stimulation was 77%. 40 cases (23%) could not be diagnosed correctly due to tolerance to pornographic film (17 cases, 10 %), discomfort by the body attachments (14 cases, 8%) and traction of the sensor (9 cases, 5%). However, higher sensitivity (90%) and lower rate of incorrect diagnosis (10% ) were observed in 119 patients who showed Grade II or III (moderate to good) sexual drive to erotic stimulation. The results suggest that undesirable factors in the primary screening methods, traction of sensor, sleep disturbance in NPT test, and tolerance to pornographic film, discomfort by the body attachments, traction of sensor in EST must be taken into consideration when interpretation of test results is being performed.

Erectile responses to erotic stimulation in patients with erectile impotence / 대한비뇨기과학회지

We performed erotic stimulation that in 63 patients with erectile dysfunction in order to investigate erectile responses to visual sexual stimulation in patients with psychogenic and organic impotence and to elucidate valuable parameters for differential diagnosis between psychogenic and organic impotence. After the test using polygraph system and erotic film, subjective sexual drive in each patient was evaluated as grade I (poor), grade II (moderate), grade III (good). Following parameters were statistically analyzed : degree of maximal rigidity, degree of maximal tumescence, T -up phase (time taking place from the beginning of the erection to maximal level). The T-max phase (time taking place for the plateau phase of maximal erection). The results obtained were summarized as follows. Regardless of sexual drive of each patient, psychogenic impotence group showed better maximal rigidity and shorter T-up phase of rigidity than organic impotence group (p<0.05}. Of patients with psychogenic impotence, good sexual drive group showed better maximal rigidity and maximal tumescence than poor sexual drive group (p<0.06). Psychogenic impotence group showing good sexual drive revealed much better maximal rigidity and shorter T-up phase of rigidity than organic impotence group with same degree of sexual drive (p<0.05). These results indicate erotic stimulation test is highly valuable method for differential diagnosis between psychogenic and organic impotence, especially when the patient shows sexual drive in moderate or good degree. And it is suggested that maximal rigidigity and T-up phase of erection parameters in erotic stimulation test provide high validity for the differention.

Age-related Erectile Response to Short Erotic Stimulation in Normal Adults / 대한비뇨기과학회지

Simultaneous monitoring of penile photoelectric plethysmography, penile tumescences, penile rigidity, bulbocavernosus-ischiocavernosus EMG and EKG was attempted to investigate the age-related erectile response to short period erotic film in 50 normal males and to elucidate the range of its characteristics for the diagnosis of impotence. The results obtained were summarized as follows ; l. Variability was observed in temporal relationship between penile pulse amplitude and penile erection. Of the 45 subjects who showed erection and/or increase in penile pulse amplitude 4 categories of response could be defined : Type I was observed in 13 subjects (28.9%)-erection and increased penile pulse amplitude occurring in parallel ; Type II, in 26 subjects(57.8%)_erection with increased penile pulse amplitude during the development or decline of erection but not during maximum erection ; Type III, in 4 subjects(8. 8%)_erection with no change in penile pulse amplitude ; and Type IV, in 2 subjects (4.4 %)_increased penile pulse amplitude without any erection. These results suggest that penile erection does not exclusively depend increased penile arterial blood flow but upon the cooperative mechanisms with the action of venous blockade which corresponds flexibly to the degree of arterial blood flow. 2. Following erotic stimulation, there was tendency to delay in latency to erection with aging. However, no difference in penile tumescence and rigidity among age groups was observed. This indicates that if the subject is affected by libido owing to strong erotic stimulation, maximum erection ensues regardless of aging. 3. The fact that subjects with good erection shows enough libido and that maximum erection ensues if erection develop under strong erotic stimulation suggests visual sexual stimulation method would be useful in differentiatial diagnosis of erectile dysfunction.