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Objective@#To understand the current equalization in essential public health services in China, and to provide recommendations for health resource allocation and public health policy making.@*Methods@#WHO′s comprehensive evaluation model, and the Rank Sum Ratio (RSR) method were used to analyze, rank and categorize essential public health services.@*Results@#Thirty-one provinces (cities, autonomous regions) in China were grouped into five categories, namely, relatively balanced area, low input area, resource shortage area, over utilization area and resource waste area.@*Conclusions@#The equalization of essential public health services in China is gradually being realized, but there are still setbacks such as mismatch between health needs and resource input, waste and over-utilization of resources. To correct these problems, relevant recommendations on health policy making for different areas were given.
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Objective To analyze and evaluate the level of equity of essential public health services utilization in Shandong Province.Methods The main methods in use were the concentration index(CI) aided by Theil index,to assess the equity among various items of essential public health services.Results The CI of healthcare archiving,health education,elderly health management,hypertension health management,diabetes management,maternal health management,vaccination and child health management utilization between different income groups were -0.01 9 2,-0.01 1 0,0.025 8,-0.008 0,-0.006 4,0.037 1,0.045 0 and 0.106 7 respectively.Theil index demonstrated the inequity in healthcare archiving and health management service utilization in Shandong resulted from regional differences.The inequity in elderly health management,hypertension health,diabetes management, vaccination and child health management utilization in Shandong resulted from urban and rural differences.The inequity in maternal health management utilization in Shandong resulted from urban and rural differences.Conclusions The utilization rate of essential public health services is different among the items,and its equity is influenced by the above-mentioned differences.
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Chinese government launched National Essential Public Health Services Program since 5 years ago;a program of which the progress, achievement, challenges and a knowhow for a better implementation are concerned by the related policy makers, implementers and researchers. Based on the years of experience in this area, combining literatures and reports relevant to this program, this paper summed up its background and progress, analyzed prob-lems and challenges as well as put forward the policy recommendations for a better implementation of the work. The results were mainly described in three different ways as follows:firstly, the public health service delivery system was formed;secondly, services types and target population were annually increased; and thirdly, there were remarkable health and social benefits. However, for such a big program that is related to multiple government departments and health institutions, contradictions may emerge during implementation. Therefore, it is important to deal with its dif-ferent relationships. Recommendations for further implementation of the work in the coming “Thirteenth-Five-Year”plan are enlightened to deepen a perfect essential public health service delivery mechanism from the financing and management, service package scoping, service delivery system and approach, and performance evaluation facets.
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Objectives:To understand the human resources and costs of essential public health services based on community health service centers in Beijing’s rural areas and to offer policy recommendations for advancing the progress of essential public health services. Methods:With the self-designed questionnaire, the paper collected data from the districts of Changping, Tongzhou, Huairou and Miyun. By cluster random sampling, 12 community health service centers and 108 personnel were surveyed based on the level of economic development. Results: The number of young women, preventive personnel and staff with low ranking positions represents a significant share of all essen-tial public health service providers. Beijing’s rural areas deploy a great deal of human resources for vaccination and health education with little set aside for women’s health and reproductive health. The unit cost of setting special col-umns for health education and field disease treatment is higher than other service items. The suburbs deploy a great deal of human resources for service items than the outskirts while the unit costs are lower. Conclusions: Human re-source for essential public health services in Beijing’s rural areas should be strengthened. The costs of service items differ greatly so that policy adjustments and finances should be implemented based on actual demand and resources.
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Objective To assess the implementation of essential public health services (EPHS), and determine the main influencing factors for EPHS in Menglian. Methods In September 2012, the questionnaire survey method was employed to collect the data of EPHS implementation in 2011 in three community medical institutes and the EPHS evaluation of health staff sampled by stratified random sampling in Menglian. Results In 2011, the report rates of infectious diseases epidemics, public health emergencies and health inspection were all 100%, the inoculation rates of most vaccines were over 90%,and the health management rates of the children aged 0 to 6 years,pregnant and lying-in woman,aged population,hypertensives, type 2 diabetes patients and serious psychotics were high (about 85%) . The establishment rate of heath archives (60%to 70%),the controlling rates of blood pressure in the hypertensive population (about 50%), the rates of glycemic control in type 2 diabetes patients (55%to 70%) and the steady rates of serious psychotics (50% to 60%), however, were low. The implementation of EPHS was unbalance among towns, suburbs and outer suburbs. The main factors that influenced the EPHS implementation were inadequate human resources, insufficient or unused health devices, ambiguous responsibilities among the health institutes, non-cooperative behaviors, and unhealthy living habits in rural residents. Conclusions The implementation of many EPHS items is good. For promoting EPHS,it is necessary to train human resources,activiate unused health devices,get support of residents and carry out health education.