ABSTRACT
Introducción: La prejubilación se define como una etapa de la vida donde convergen factores biológicos, psicológicos, sociales, culturales, espirituales y ambientales que preparan al individuo para un cambio global y profundo. Objetivo: Precisar mediante el tratamiento psicológico inclusivo los cambios ocurridos en el proceso cognoscitivo del pensamiento y las modificaciones obtenidas en la esfera emocional en el grupo intervenido. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio cuasi-experimental en el Policlínico Docente «Marta Abreu», de Santa Clara, Villa Clara, en el período de enero de 2017 a febrero de 2019. Se emplearon procedimientos, métodos y técnicas con la aplicación de esta modalidad terapéutica en un grupo estudio de 200 personas prejubilables, de 55 a 65 años de edad. Se utilizaron métodos teóricos, empíricos y estadísticos-matemáticos. Se aplicaron técnicas psicológicas antes del tratamiento psicológico inclusivo, y después de este, en el grupo estudio y en el grupo control. Resultados: Fueron muy reveladores en el grupo estudio, y se registraron cambios muy significativos en los procesos intelectuales, en el pensamiento lógico verbal, práctico constructivo y rumiativo; además estados emocionales ansioso bajo y depresivo leve, autoestima alta, y notable mejoría en la vulnerabilidad al estrés. En el grupo control no se reflejaron cambios favorables. Conclusiones: El tratamiento psicológico inclusivo resultó efectivo por el logro de cambios positivos en el estado cognitivo-emocional-conductual en personas prejubilables del grupo estudio. La aplicación de las estrategias de desactivación fisiológica, cognitivas, reflexivo vivenciales, informativas, así como las habilidades de conductas de afrontamiento, las acciones de mantenimiento y generalización y las ayudas paliativas y moderadoras de estrés en la atención a personas prejubilables, constituyó un novedoso recurso terapéutico.
Introduction: pre-retirement is defined as a stage of life where biological, psychological, social, cultural, spiritual and environmental factors converge to prepare the individual for a global and profound change. Objective: to determine, through the inclusive psychological treatment, the changes occurred in the cognitive process of thinking and the modifications obtained in the emotional sphere in the intervened group. Methods: a quasi-experimental study was carried out at "Marta Abreu" Teaching Polyclinic in Santa Clara, Villa Clara from January 2017 to February 2019. Procedures, methods and techniques were used with the application of this therapeutic modality in a study group of 200 pre-retired people aged 55 to 65 years old. Theoretical, empirical, statistical and mathematical methods were used. Psychological techniques were applied before and after the inclusive psychological treatment in the study and control groups. Results: they very revealing in the study group, and very significant changes were registered in intellectual processes as well as in verbal-logical, practical-constructive and ruminative thinking; also low anxious and mild depressive emotional states, high self-esteem, and notable improvement in vulnerability to stress. No favorable changes were reflected in the control group. Conclusions: the inclusive psychological treatment was effective in achieving positive changes in the cognitive, emotional and behavioural state in pre-retired people from the study group. The application of physiological deactivation, cognitive, experiential, reflective, and informative strategies, as well as coping behavioural skills, maintenance and generalization actions and palliative and moderating stress aids in the care of pre-retired people constituted a novel therapeutic resource.
Subject(s)
Wechsler Memory Scale , Therapeutic AllianceABSTRACT
Introducción: el envejecimiento es un proceso de cambios natural, gradual, continuo e irreversible. Todas las funciones declinan con el envejecimiento y el sistema nervioso no es ajeno a este proceso. Objetivo: identificar si el estado cognitivo del adulto mayor no institucionalizado se asocia con su calidad de sueño. Metodología: estudio transversal, descriptivo, prospectivo de dos variables, realizado en 32 adultos mayores de ambos sexos. Se emplearon los instrumentos Folstein y Pittsburgh para la valoración de deterioro cognitivo y la calidad de sueño, respectivamente. Se utilizó correlación de Spearman para identificar asociación entre variables y estadística descriptiva para el análisis de variables demográficas. Resultados: el 87.5% fueron mujeres y el 12.5% hombres. La edad promedio fue 70.9 ± 7.77 años. Datos del instrumento Pittsburg demostraron que el 75% de los sujetos son malos dormidores y el 25% regulares. Los resultados del instrumento Folstein arrojaron que el 87.5% de los sujetos se encuentran sin deterioro cognitivo alguno, el 9.3% con deterioro leve, 0% moderado y un 3.1 % grave. El análisis de correlación de Spearman entre ambas variables, evidenció valor de r = 0.135 y p = 0.46. Conclusiones: el estado cognitivo de los adultos mayores no guarda relación con la calidad del sueño.
Introduction: Aging is a natural, gradual, continuous and irreversible process of changes over time. All functions decline with aging and the nervous system is not alien to this process. Objective: To identify if the cognitive status of the non-institutionalized older adult is associated with their sleep quality. Methodology: A cross sectional study, prospective, two-variable study carried out in 32 older adults of both genders. Folstein and Pittsburgh instruments were used to assess cognitive deterioration and sleep quality respectively. Spearman correlation was used to identify the association between variables. Descriptive statistics was used for analysis of demographic variables. Results: 87.5% were women and 12.5% men. The average age was 70.9 ± 7.77 years. Data from the Pittsburgh instrument showed that 75% of subjects are bad sleepers and 25% regular. Results of Folstein, showed that 87.5% of subjects are without any cognitive impairment, 9.3% with mild impairment, 0% moderate and 3.1% severe. The Spearman correlation analysis between both variables showed a value of r = 0.135 and p = 0.46. Conclusions: The cognitive status of older adults is not related to the quality of sleep.
Subject(s)
Humans , Sleep , Aged , Aging , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Cross-Sectional Studies , Data Collection , Hospitals, Public , MexicoABSTRACT
Abstract Objective: to assess whether the health condition of an elderly person can serve as a mediating factor between the cognitive state and general self-esteem of the institutionalized elderly. Method: a quantitative, cross-sectional correlational study was performed, based on the path analysis technique.The following instruments were used for data collection: the Mini-Mental State Examination, the Tinetti Performance Oriented Mobility Assessment, the Mini Nutritional Evaluation and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. Results: the sample was composed of 312 elderly patients of both genders (112 men and 200 women), with an average age of 83.39 (+7.09) years. Most of the elderly persons were widowed, with a low educational level, and had been institutionalized in Residential Care Facilities for the Elderly for on average 54.6 (+51.69) months. The mediating factor of health condition renders the link between the cognitive state and self-esteem of the elderly null. However, the analysis of the decomposition of the effects showed a significant indirect effect between the cognitive state and health condition. The total effect of cognitive state on the health condition of the elderly is significant, positive and direct. Conclusion: based on the results of this study we maintain that cognitive changes can affect the nutritional state and physical balance of the institutionalized elderly. AU
Resumo Objetivo: testar se a condição de saúde da pessoa idosa é mediadora na associação entre o estado cognitivo e a autoestima global de idosos institucionalizados. Método: estudo de natureza quantitativa, transversal do tipo correlacional, recorreu à análise de caminhos. Na recolha de dados utilizaram-se as versões portuguesas dos seguintes instrumentos: Mini-Mental State Examination, Tinetti Performance Oriented Mobility Assessement, Miniavaliação Nutricional e a Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. Resultados: a amostra foi constituída por 312 idosos de ambos os gêneros (112 homens e 200 mulheres), com média etária de 83,39 (±7,09) anos. A maioria dos idosos eram viúvos, com baixa escolaridade, institucionalizados em Equipamentos Residenciais para Pessoas Idosas em média há 54,60 (±51,69) meses. Não se confirmou a mediação da condição de saúde na associação entre estado cognitivo e autoestima nos idosos. Contudo, a análise da decomposição dos efeitos indicou a existência de um efeito significativo indireto do estado cognitivo na autoestima e na condição de saúde. O efeito total do estado cognitivo na condição de saúde dos idosos é significativo, positivo e direto. Conclusão: os resultados desse estudo permitem-nos afirmar que as alterações cognitivas podem afetar o estado nutricional e o equilíbrio corporal dos idosos institucionalizados. AU
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Self Concept , Health of Institutionalized Elderly , Mental Status and Dementia TestsABSTRACT
Introducción: La alteración del estado cognitivo vuelve al adulto mayor dependiente, limita su autocuidado y genera cuidados a largo plazo. Objetivo: Valorar el estado cognitivo del adulto mayor, identificar las capacidades cognitivas más afectadas según género, edad y escolaridad. Metodología: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal no probabilístico con enfoque cuantitativo en una casa de rehabilitación y reposo en México D.F. La población fue de 78 adultos mayores de 60 años (41 mujeres y 37 hombres). Se valoró el estado cognitivo con ayuda del (Mini-Mental) cuyo objetivo es establecer un diagnóstico presuntivo de las funciones cognitivas. Se utilizaron cuatro variables: estado cognitivo, género, edad y escolaridad. Resultados: De las 78 personas el 47.4% fueron hombres y el 52.6% mujeres, el 40.5% tienen de 60 a 69 años, el 32.1% obtuvo un título universitario, el 23.1% de la población mostro deterioro severo, el 44.9% deterioro leve. Las áreas más afectadas fueron: abstracción (cálculo) con 46.2% de deterioro severo, memoria a corto plazo con 47.4% de deterioro severo y lenguaje con 11.5% de deterioro. Conclusiones: Evaluar y detectar alteraciones cognitivas permitirá concientizar a la familia, buscar modelos de atención y cuidado fortaleciendo el bienestar del adulto mayor.
Introduction: Altered mental state becomes the elderly dependent, limited self-care and generates long-term care. Objective: To assess the cognitive status of the elderly and identify the cognitive abilities most affected by gender, age and education. Methodology: A cross-sectional study of non-probabilistic descriptive quantitative approach was conducted in a rehabilitation and rest house in Mexico DF. The sample was 78 adults over 60 years, 41 women and 37 men. We made an assessment of cognitive status using the Minimental which objective to establish a diagnosis of cognitive functions. Were considered four variables: Cognitive status, gender, age and education. Results: Of the 78 people found that 47.4% were male and 52.6% female, 40.5% was found in the group of 60-69 years, 32.1% of seniors earned a university degree in 23.1% of the population severe deterioration was observed, 44.9% mild deterioration. The Areas with more impairment were the area of abstraction (calculation) 46.2% had severe deterioration in the area of short-term memory 47.4% severe cognitive impairment was found and in the language area was 11.5%. Conclusions: Evaluate and detect cognitive impairment will allow awareness to the family, look for models of care and attention to strengthen the welfare of the elderly.
Subject(s)
Aged , Cognitive Dysfunction/diagnosis , Cognitive Dysfunction/nursing , Cognitive Aging/psychologyABSTRACT
La enfermedad de Parkinson (EP) es la segunda enfermedad neurodegenerativa de mayor prevalencia en el mundo y de origen aún desconocido. Su sintomatología es multisistémica, presentado síntomas motores y no motores. Dentro de los síntomas no motores se encuentra el compromiso cognitivo, que se caracteriza por ser de predominio disejecutivo, acompañado por déficit en los dominios visuoespaciales, atencionales y en la velocidad de procesamiento. Mientras que la literatura internacional considera la afectación cognitiva en la EP, en Chile aún se comprende como una patología esencialmente motora, no existiendo desde las autoridades un lineamiento específico para realizar una correcta evaluación e intervención de las funciones neuropsicológicas...
Parkinsons Disease (PD) is the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disease in the world and its origin is still unknown. Its symptoms are multisystemic, in which you can find motor and non-motor symptoms. In non-motor symptoms is cognitive engagement, which is characterized by a predominance dysexecutivebe accompanied by deficits in visuospatial domain, attentional domain and processing speed. While the international literature considers cognitive impairment in PD, in Chile it is still understood as an essentially motor pathology, no existing from the authorities a specific guideline for proper assessment and intervention of neuropsychological functions...
Subject(s)
Humans , Cognition , Parkinson Disease/diagnosis , Parkinson Disease/physiopathology , Neuropsychological Tests , ChileABSTRACT
El trabajo tuvo como propósito evaluar el comportamiento de los factores pronósticos en la recuperación del paciente con enfermedad cerebro vascular, en dos áreas de salud del Municipio Matanzas, de mayo del 2007 a enero del 2008. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo longitudinal prospectivo, el universo estuvo constituido por 97 pacientes y la muestra por 33. Inicialmente, se recogió información sobre variables sociodemográficas; se aplicó el Miniexamen del Estado Mental de Folstein, se calculó el Índice de Barthel y se utilizaron las escalas de Tinetti y la neurológica. Se evaluó al paciente después de 8 semanas, tiempo de duración del tratamiento. El factor de riesgo de mayor relevancia fue la hipertensión arterial, el hemisferio más afectado fue el izquierdo y las alteraciones cognitivas antes de la rehabilitación fue el factor que mayor influencia ejerció en la recuperación, dependencia yalto riesgo de caídas del paciente después de la rehabilitación.
Our work had as objective to evaluate the behaviour of the presage factors in the patient's recovery with cerebrovascular illness, in two areas of health in Matanzas municipality. Its was carried out a prospective longitudinal descriptive. In the first stage the information was picked up on variables sociodemographics. A mental exam was applied (Folstein), the Index of Barthel was calculated and the scales of Tinetti and the neurological NIH were used. It was made another evaluation after 8 weeks, of the first treatment. The results demonstrated that the factor of risk of more relevance were the arterial hypertension, the hemisphere more affected was the left and the cognoscitive alterations the patient's rehabilitation the factor of bigger influence exercised in the patient's recovery was, like in the dependence of the same one and in the high risk of fallen, after the rehabilitation.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the evolution of cognitive and functional performance and mortality among elderly patients who were delirious during hospitalization due to femoral fracture. STUDY TYPE: Prospective cohort. LOCATION: Orthopedics and Traumatology Institute of HC-FMUSP; geriatric orthopedic ward. PATIENTS: 103 patients, aged 60 years or over, who were hospitalized in the geriatric orthopedics ward with femoral fracture in 2001-2002. Thirty of them (29.1 percent) presented with delirium during their hospital stay and were compared with another 73 (70.9 percent) who did not present with delirium. There were six deaths, and 97 patients were discharged from the hospital. We obtained information on 85 of these patients four years after discharge; 42 patients were still alive and 43 had died at the time of the evaluation. METHODS: Data on vital status was obtained for 85 patients. For the 42 survivors, we acquired information on their basic activities of daily living (ADL), instrumental activities of daily living (IADL), and cognitive performance (BDRS) by means of telephone interview with the same caregivers who had provided information at the time of the hospitalization. We compared this data with that obtained during their hospitalizations four years prior. For the 43 patients who died, we obtained information regarding their deaths and used this data in the analysis of mortality. RESULTS: No relationships were observed between delirium and mortality, delirium and cognitive loss, or delirium and functional loss, after four years from discharge of elderly patients with hip fractures. An initial cognitive deficit was a predictor for mortality (RR = 2.54; p = 0.016), functional loss (OR = 1.80; p = 0.027) and cognitive loss (OR = 1.53; p = 0.024). Cognitive loss was also related to age. CONCLUSIONS: Delirium had no impact on mortality or functional or cognitive losses in long term evolution (2 years) among elderly patients with femoral...
OBJETIVO: Avaliar efeito do delirium na mortalidade e na evolução dos desempenhos cognitivo e funcional em idosos com fratura de fêmur, 4 anos após a alta hospitalar. ESTUDO: coorte, prospectivo. LOCAL: Instituto de Ortopedia e Traumatologia do HC-FMUSP; Enfermaria de Ortopedia Geriátrica. PACIENTES: 103 pacientes com 65 anos ou mais, consecutivos, internados em 2001-2002, na enfermaria de ortopedia geriátrica, por fratura de fêmur. 30 idosos (29,1 por cento) apresentaram delirium durante a internação e foram comparados com os 73 que evoluíram sem delirium (30 casos x 73 controles). Houve 6 óbitos, 97 receberam alta hospitalar. O estudo atual mostra reavaliação de 85 desses pacientes. MÉTODOS: Dentre os 85 pacientes, temos 43 óbitos e 42 sobreviventes. Foram obtidos dados de atividades básicas de vida diária (ADL), atividades instrumentais de vida diária ( IADL), desempenho cognitivo (Blessed), referentes aos sobreviventes, através de entrevista telefônica com os mesmos cuidadores que forneceram as informações durante a internação . Comparamos esses dados com aqueles de 4 anos atrás (42 pacientes). Dos pacientes que foram a óbito, obtivemos data e causa de óbito. Dados referentes aos 85 pacientes entraram na análise de mortalidade. RESULTADOS: Não foram observadas relações entre delirium e mortalidade, delirium e perda cognitiva, delirium e perda funcional. Déficit cognitivo inicial foi preditor de mortalidade (RR= 2,54 ; p=0,016), perda funcional (OR=1,80; p=0,027) e perda cognitiva(OR=1,53; p=0,024). CONCLUSÕES: Delirium não teve impacto sobre mortalidade e perdas funcional e cognitiva na evolução tardia de idosos com fratura de fêmur. O déficit cognitivo inicial pode identificar pacientes em risco para mortalidade, perda funcional e perda cognitiva futuras em idosos com fratura de fêmur. A fragilidade e heterogeneidade da nossa amostra pode ter atenuado o poder preditor de mau prognóstico do delirium.