Estrone and Estradiol Levels in Breast Cancer Patients Using Anastrozole Are Not Related to Body Mass Index / Níveis de estrona e estradiol em pacientes com câncer de mama usando anastrozol não estão relacionados ao índice de massa corpórea

ABSTRACT Objective: Obesity is associated with an increased risk for breast cancer. Recent studies have shown that aromatase inhibitors may be less effective in women with a high body mass index (BMI). The aim of this study was to establish the relationship between the BMI and plasma estrone and estradiol levels in postmenopausal women with hormone receptor-positive breast cancer using anastrozole. Methods: In this cohort study, the patients were divided into three groups according to BMI (normal weight, overweight and obese) to compare and correlate plasma hormone levels before starting anastrozole hormone therapy and three months after treatment. Plasma hormone levels were compared for age and use of chemotherapy. Results: A statistically significant reduction in estrone and estradiol levels was observed between baseline and three months after starting the anastrozole treatment (p < 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in plasma estrone and estradiol levels among the BMI groups (p > 0.05), but a significant reduction in plasma estrone levels was observed after three-months' treatment relative to baseline in all groups, as well as a reduction in estradiol in the obese group (p < 0.05). The use of chemotherapy and age > 65 years had no influence on plasma steroid levels. Conclusion: Changes in estrone and estradiol levels in the studied groups were not associated with BMI, chemotherapy or age.

RESUMO Objetivo: A obesidade está associada com risco aumentado de câncer de mama. Estudos recentes têm mostrado que os inibidores de aromatase podem ser menos eficazes em mulheres com alto índice de massa corporal (IMC). O objetivo deste estudo foi estabelecer a relação entre o IMC e os níveis plasmáticos de estrona e estradiol em mulheres no período pós-menopausa com câncer de mama receptor hormonal positivo, em tratamento com anastrozol. Métodos: Este estudo de coorte acompanhou três grupos de pacientes de acordo com o seu IMC (peso normal, sobrepeso e obesidade), a fim de comparar e correlacionar as dosagens dos hormônios estrona e estradiol antes e após três meses do uso do anastrozol. Os níveis plasmáticos dos hormônios foram também relacionados à idade do paciente e ao uso da quimioterapia. Resultados: Redução estatisticamente significativa de estrona e estradiol foi observada entre os níveis basais e três meses após o início do tratamento com anastrozol (p < 0,05). Não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa entre os níveis plasmáticos de estrona e estradiol em relação ao IMC (p > 0,05), mas houve redução significativa entre os níveis plasmáticos basais de estrona após o tratamento em todos os grupos, e redução de estradiol no grupo de pacientes obesas (p < 0,05). A condução da quimioterapia e da idade acima de 65 anos não interfere com os níveis plasmáticos de esteroides. Conclusão: Os níveis plasmáticos de estrona e estradiol nos grupos estudados não foram alterados em termos de IMC, quimioterapia e idade.

Polymorphisms of SLC22A9 (hOAT7) in Korean Females with Osteoporosis

Among solute carrier proteins, the organic anion transporters (OATs) play an important role for the elimination or reabsorption of endogenous and exogenous negatively charged anionic compounds. Among OATs, SLC22A9 (hOAT7) transports estrone sulfate with high affinity. The net decrease of estrogen, especially in post-menopausal women induces rapid bone loss. The present study was performed to search the SNP within exon regions of SLC22A9 in Korean females with osteoporosis. Fifty healthy controls and 50 osteoporosis patients were screened for the genetic polymorphism in the coding region of SLC22A9 using GC-clamped PCR and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). Six SNPs were found on the SLC22A9 gene from Korean women with/without osteoporosis. The SNPs were located as follows: two SNPs in the osteoporosis group (A645G and T1277C), three SNPs in the control group (G1449T, C1467T and C1487T) and one SNP in both the osteoporosis and control groups (G767A). The G767A, T1277C and C1487T SNPs result in an amino acid substitution, from synonymous vs nonsynonymous substitution arginine to glutamine (R256Q), phenylalanine to serine (F426S) and proline to leucine (P496L), respectively. The Km values and Vmax of the wild type, R256Q, P496L and F426S were 8.84, 8.87, 9.83 and 12.74 microM, and 1.97, 1.96, 2.06 and 1.55 pmol/oocyte/h, respectively. The present study demonstrates that the SLC22A9 variant F426S is causing inter-individual variation that is leading to the differences in transport of the steroid sulfate conjugate (estrone sulfate) and, therefore this could be used as a marker for certain disease including osteoporosis.

Preparation of Monoclonal Antibody of Sodium Estrone Sulfate from Pregnant Mare's Urine / 医药导报

Objective To establish a method to prepare anti-sodium estrone sulfate monoclonal antibody ( ESS-Mab) . Methods Balb/c mice were immunized by ESS. Immune methods were screened. The blood serum potencies were measured by indirect ELISA and the best consistence of antigen and the first antibody were confirmed with method of titration. Cell fusion was carried by using PEG method and McAb hybridoma was screened with the indirect ELISA. Results The best immunization method of mice was subcutaneously multi-point injection in mouse back with the dose of 200/100 μg ESS antigen five times. The fusion rate was 90. 2%. Hybridoma positive rate of ELISA screening was 4. 4%. Finally two cell lines 2C8 and 8A7 with good specificity and sensitivity were obtained. Conclusion The best immunization way is selected and indirect ELISA is set up effectively and reliably for screening and presenting ESS McAb. the hybridoma technique is able to prepare monoclonal antibody of anti-ESS successfully.

Serum Concentration of Estradiol and Estrone Following Oral Administration of Low-dose Hormone Therapy in Postmenopausal Korean Women / 대한폐경학회지

OBJECTIVES: To determine the baseline serum concentrations of estradiol and estrone in postmenopausal Korean women and the serum concentrations of estradiol and estrone after 4 and 16 weeks of treatment using 1 mg of estradiol and 2 mg of drospirenone. METHODS: This was a multicenter study. Thirty-six subjects were screened. Serum estradiol, estrone and drospirenone levels were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and radioimmunoassay. RESULTS: The mean estradiol concentration was 8.37 +/- 12.1 pg/mL at baseline and increased to 53.7 +/- 52.1 and 41.4 +/- 26.1 pg/mL after 4 and 16 weeks of treatment, respectively. The mean estrone concentrations were 28.7 +/- 26.8, 266.1 +/- 182.9, and 256.1 +/- 179.1 pg/mL at baseline, and after 4 and 16 weeks of treatment, respectively. When women were stratified according to the basal estradiol level, the level after 4 weeks of treatment was significantly higher in the women with a detectable level (> or = 5 pg/mL) than in women with an undetectable level (< 5 pg/mL; 65.2 +/- 21.5 vs. 37.4 +/- 25.8 pg/mL, P = 0.008). After 16 weeks of treatment, the estradiol level was still higher in the detectable group (51.6 +/- 28.6 vs. 38.7 +/- 21.7 pg/mL, P = 0.09). CONCLUSION: This study showed that 1 mg of estradiol and 2 mg of drospirenone is an appropriate regimen to achieve the desired serum estradiol level. The difference in serum hormonal levels after 4 weeks of treatment could be caused by different basal levels.

Effects of PE on estrogen receptor expressions and its transcriptional activation on target genes / 中国药理学通报

Aim To investigate the effect of piperazinyl estrone(PE) on estrogen receptor expression and the transcriptional regulation of target genes.Methods Ovariectomized mice were given with PE in different doses (0.5 mg·kg~(-1),1 mg·kg~(-1),2 mg·kg~(-1))and estrone(0.71 mg·kg~(-1)) for 42 days,the protein expressions of Ers(Erαand Erβ)were shown by immunohistochemical method; To study transcriptional regulation of PE, PACT2-hERα and ERE2-TATA-LUC were co-transfected into MCF-7 cells by using Tfx 50 cationic liposome.Results Compared with ovx group, the groups with PE could up-regulate Ers of uteri in a dose-dependent manner,but its effect on Erα subtype was obvious.The classical ER signaling pathways could be activated by PE in co-transfected MCF-7 cells,but activation of PE was feebler than estrone with the same dose.Conclusion PE can up-regulate estrogen receptors in uteri. PE can transactivate ERE reportor gene through Erα and Erβ in MCF-7 cells, but its effect is feeble.

Co-localization and interaction of human organic anion transporter 4 with caveolin-1 in primary cultured human placental trophoblasts

The human organic anion transporter 4 (hOAT4) has been identified as the fourth isoform of OAT family. hOAT4 contributes to move several negatively charged organic compounds between cells and their extracellular milieu. The functional characteristics and regulatory mechanisms of hOAT4 remain to be elucidated. It is well known that caveolin plays a role in modulating proteins having some biological functions. To address this issue, we investigated the co-localization and interaction between hOAT4 and caveolin-1. hOAT4 and caveolin-1 (mRNA and protein expression) were observed in cultured human placental trophoblasts isolated from placenta. The confocal microscopy of immuno-cytochemistry using primary cultured human trophoblasts showed hOAT4 and caveolin-1 were co-localized at the plasma membrane of the cell. This finding was confirmed by Western blot analysis using isolated caveolae-enriched membrane fractions and immune-precipitates from the trophoblasts. When synthesized cRNA of hOAT4 along with scrambled- or antisense-oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) of Xenopus caveolin-1 were co-injected to Xenopus oocytes, the [3H]estrone sulfate uptake was significantly decreased by the co-injection of antisense ODN but not by scrambled ODN. These findings suggest that hOAT4 and caveolin-1 share a cellular expression in the plasma membrane and caveolin-1 up-regulates the organic anionic compound uptake by hOAT4 under the normal physiological condition.

Influência da obesidade e da doença arterial coronária nos níveis séricos de estrona nas mulheres na pós-menopausa / Influence of the obesity and coronary artery disease in blood levels of estrone in postmenopausal women

INTRODUÇÃO: Estudos recentes mostraram maior mortalidade em indivíduos nos extremos dos valores do índice de massa corpórea (IMC). Discute-se, também, a intensidade da influência da obesidade na mortalidade por doenças cardiovasculares (DCV), em mulheres na pós-menopausa, e da participação dos estrógenos endógenos. Neste trabalho, analisamos, prospectivamente, a influência da obesidade e os níveis séricos de estrona nos principais fatores de risco em mulheres na pós-menopausa com doença arterial coronária (DAC), ou de alto risco para DAC, matriculadas no Instituto do Coração do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo. MÉTODOS: Estudo prospectivo, realizado entre março de 2004 e setembro de 2006, em 251 mulheres na pós-menopausa com alto risco para eventos cardiovasculares, na ausência de reposição hormonal. Foram estudadas, em 3 visitas semestrais (V1-basal, V2 e V3), as características clínicas (pressão arterial, índice de massa corpórea, fatores de risco para DCV, medicação utilizada, e ocorrência de eventos neste período) e as laboratoriais [glicemia, perfil lipídico, inflamatórias (análise PCR ultra-sensível), bem como e os níveis de estrógeno endógeno (estrona)]. Foram classificadas, segundo o IMC (kg/m2), em normal (18,5<=IMC<25), sobrepeso (25<=IMC<30) e obesa (>=30), e também os níveis de estrona (<15>= e <25>=pg/mL). Foram realizadas as análises univariada, curvas de Kaplan-Meier para mortalidade, segundo os níveis de estrona, e regressão multivariada de Cox. RESULTADOS: Não houve diferenças entre os grupos com relação à idade (71±8 vs 70±7 vs 69±6 anos; p=0,112). O aumento do IMC associou-se a maior prevalência de hipertensão arterial sistêmica (HAS) (81% vs 96% vs 100%; p<0,01), diabetes melito (38% vs 52% vs 69%; p=0,001), e níveis de estrona (22,3±11 vs 22,4±9,4 vs 28,2±16,4 pg/mL; p=0,002)...

INTRODUCTION: Recent studies showed higher mortality in people with extreme values of body mass index (BMI). The obesity's influence intensity in mortality associated with cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in postmenopausal women and the participation of the endogenous estrogens are unknown. In this study we analysed the influence of BMI and blood levels of estrone in the main risk factors for postmenopausal women (registered on the Heart Institute, University of São Paulo Medical School) with coronary artery disease (CAD) or with high risk for CVD. METHODS: Prospective study performed between March/2004 and September/2006, in 251 postmenopausal women with high risk for cardiovascular events in the absence of hormonal therapy. They were studied, in 3 biannual visits (V1-baseline, V2 and V3), clinical characteristics (blood pressure, BMI, risk factors for CVD, medication in use and events occurred during this period), laboratories exams [glucose, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL- cholesterol, triglyceride, C-reactive protein and blood levels of endogenous estrogen (estrone)]. They were classified according to the BMI (kg/m2) in normal (18,5<=IMC<25), overweight (25<=IMC<30) and obese (>=30) and blood levels of estrone (<15>= and <25>=pg/mL). Univariate analysis, Kaplan-Meier estimation curves according to the blood levels of estrone and the Cox multivariate regression were done. RESULTS: No differences were seen among the groups regarding age (71±8 vs 70±7 vs 69±6 years; p=0,112). The increase of BMI was associated with higher prevalence of hypertension (81% vs 96% vs 100%; p<0,01), diabetes melito (38% vs 52% vs 69%; p=0,001) and blood levels of estrone (22,3±11 vs 22,4±9,4 vs 28,2±16,4 pg/mL; p=0,002); lower levels of HDL-cholesterol blood (58±15 vs 53±12 vs 50±11 mg/dL; p=0,009) and LDL-cholesterol (123±30 vs 115±38 vs 107±36 mg/dL; p=0,039). The levels of C-reactive protein remained unchanged (0,38±0,33 vs 0,79±1,81 vs 0,63±0,57 mg/dL; p=0,180)...

The effect of estrogen and recombine human growth hormone on residual ridge reduction in osteoporotic rats / 西安交通大学学报(医学版)

Objective To study the effect of estrogen,recombine human growth hormone and their combinations on residual ridge reduction in osteoporotic rats.Methods Animal models were established by ovariectomy and exodontia on left partial maxillary,then were devided into osteoporosis group and treatment groups;treatment groups were given estrogen and recombine human growth hormone medicial alone and their recombinations.After treatment for 4 and 8 weeks with drugs,the effects of estrogen and recombine human growth hormone on the serum tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase level and bone histomorphometry changes in maxillary were observed in each group. Results ① The serum tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase level was obvionsly lower in ERT group and Er-HGH group than in OP group(P

Effect of estrone on hippocampal neuronal apoptosis induced by NMDA in rat primary culture / 中国药理学通报

Aim To observe the action of estrone on the hippocampal neuronal apoptosis induced by NMDA in vitro and to analyse the mechanism underlying the neuroprotection of estrone. Methods The methods of both morphological analysis and cell viabilities were used, and Western blot was also used to analyce the role of antitoxiciy of estrone. Results The cultures were conformed with fluorescent dye of Hoechst 33258 and NeuN. About 31.6% neurons were induced into apoptosis by NMDA(300 ?mol?L~ -1 +glycine 5 ?mol?L~ -1 ,compared with control group, P0.05). MTT test also showed that estrone can protect cultures from apoptosis induced by NMDA, it can raise the cell viabilities exposed to NMDA. Western blot showed that activities of caspase-3 can be inhibited by estrone, the segments of caspase-3 can diminished after application of estrone together with NMDA. Conclusion Estrone had neuronal protection, this role maybe relate to the inhibition of caspase-3, a common pathway in apoptosis. The results can provide some clues to the explovation of the clinical use of estrone and to the development of a neuronal protective drug.

THE PROTECTIVE AND THERAPEUTIC EFFECT OF 4-MERCURIC ACETATE ESTRONE ON DOGS WHICH RECEIVED 2.75Gy ~(60)Co ?-RAY IRRADIATION / 第二军医大学学报

4-Mercuric acetate estrone (4-MF1) is one of steroidal estrogens which have hi-her protective and therapeutic effects on dogs receiving 2.75 Gy of 60Co ?-ray iradiation.Among those experimental groups,the group treated with 4-ME1 15 mg i.m. two days before irradiation had the higest protective effect, all 5 dogs survived;The group treated with 4-ME 1 i.m. twice at 6,48 h after irradiation had the best therapeutic effect. The survival rate was elevated 54.4%(9/15), as compared with the control group.The clinical symptoms were milder, survival time of dead animals longer, and the WBC count higher.