ABSTRACT
Acacia karroo (A. karroo) has been used as herbal medicine by the indigenous people of southern Africa for several centuries. The potential of A. karroo as herbal medicine, its associated phytochemistry and biological activities are reviewed. The extensive literature survey revealed that A. karroo is traditionally used to treat or manage 32 and five human and animal diseases and ailments, respectively. The species is used as herbal medicine for diseases and ailments such as colds, diarrhoea, dysentery, flu, malaria, sexually transmitted infections (STIs), wounds, and also as colic and ethnoveterinary medicine. Multiple classes of phytochemicals such as flavonoids, phenols, phytosterols, proanthocyanidin, tannin, terpenes as well as several minerals have been identified from leaves and roots of A. karroo. Scientific studies on A. karroo indicate that it has a wide range of pharmacological activities which include antibacterial, antifungal, antigonococcal, antihelmintic, antilisterial, antimalarial, antimycobacterial, antioxidant, HIV-1 reverse transcriptase, anti-inflammatory and analgesic. A. karroo has a lot of potential as a possible source of pharmaceutical products for the treatment of a wide range of both human and animal diseases and ailments. Future research should focus on the mechanisms of action of the different plant parts used as herbal medicines, isolated compounds, their efficacy, toxicity and clinical relevance.
ABSTRACT
Acacia karroo (A. karroo) has been used as herbal medicine by the indigenous people of southern Africa for several centuries. The potential of A. karroo as herbal medicine, its associated phytochemistry and biological activities are reviewed. The extensive literature survey revealed that A. karroo is traditionally used to treat or manage 32 and five human and animal diseases and ailments, respectively. The species is used as herbal medicine for diseases and ailments such as colds, diarrhoea, dysentery, flu, malaria, sexually transmitted infections (STIs), wounds, and also as colic and ethnoveterinary medicine. Multiple classes of phytochemicals such as flavonoids, phenols, phytosterols, proanthocyanidin, tannin, terpenes as well as several minerals have been identified from leaves and roots of A. karroo. Scientific studies on A. karroo indicate that it has a wide range of pharmacological activities which include antibacterial, antifungal, antigonococcal, antihelmintic, antilisterial, antimalarial, antimycobacterial, antioxidant, HIV-1 reverse transcriptase, anti-inflammatory and analgesic. A. karroo has a lot of potential as a possible source of pharmaceutical products for the treatment of a wide range of both human and animal diseases and ailments. Future research should focus on the mechanisms of action of the different plant parts used as herbal medicines, isolated compounds, their efficacy, toxicity and clinical relevance.
ABSTRACT
In Africa, various medicines are used in animal diseases treatment. This study aims to identify the medicinal plants that are often used to cure bacterial diseases in domestic animals, in order to promote their rational and sustainable use. The work was performed by working with 787 breeders in the 8 agro-ecological zones of Benin, from June to December 2013. An ethnobotanical survey has identified 32 medicinal plants species among which Afzelia africana, Crossopteryx febrifuga, Albizia chevalieri, Khaya senegalensis, Mangifera indica and Entada africana are used for bovine pasteurellosis. The bronchitis is treated by 11 species of medicinal plants which include Allium sativum, Garcinia kola, Terminalia laxiflora, Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloides and Detarium microcarpum. For infectious coryza treatment, 8 plants have been identified among which, we have Securinega virosa, Capsicum annuum, Anacardium occidentale and Vitellaria paradoxa. About cutaneous streptothricosis, 3 plants (Zea mays, Piliostigma thonningii and Parkia biglobosa) were cited for its treatment. Contagious bovine peripneumonia is treated by 3 plants (Tamarindus indica, Oxythenanthera abyssinica and Khaya senegalensis). Avian salmonellosis is also treated by 3 plants (Bridelia ferruginea, Cissus quadrangularis and Ocimum gratissimum). Concerning Blackleg and enterotoxemia, they are respectively treated by Aganope stulhmannii and Ocimum gratissimum.