DAPAGLIFLOZIN ASSOCIATED EUGLYCEMIC DIABETIC KETOACIDOSIS: A CASE REPORT

SGLT2 inhibitors are a new class of drugs for lowering blood sugar levels in type 2 diabetics. They have been shown to reduce cardiovascular risk along with improving glycemic control. Some of the SGLT2 inhibitors are Canagli?ozin, Dapagli?ozin, Empagli?ozin, Ertugli?ozin, Remogli?ozin. We are presenting a case of a 60-yearold female patient who is a known case of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus presented to the emergency room with loss of responsiveness for 1 day gradual in onset. Her history revealed she is type 2 diabetic for the past 10yrs and was hospitalized 20days back when her RBS was 889mg/dl & urine ketones were positive with a diagnosis of type 2 DM with DKA. since then, she was put on Tab Dapagli?ozin 10mg OD along with other OHA's. On presentation, the patient was unconscious GCS-E1, V2, M2-5/15, pulse3 100/min, BP-80mm of hg systolic, glucometer RBS-211 mg/dl, ABG showed severe metabolic acidosis pH-6.86, HCO -2.9mmol/L, 2 PCO -24mm hg, PaO2-58mm hg, urine ketones came positive, and the patient was managed conservatively. The patient responded well, and her GCS improved with stabilization in her condition. Dapagli?ozin and other SGLT2 inhibitors can cause Euglycemic DKA, and these can be missed out in the emergency room as they have not so high blood sugar levels making the diagnosis of DKA dif?cult in emergency conditions

Cetoacidosis diabética euglucémica asociada al uso de inhibidores del cotransportador de sodio-glucosa 2

RESUMEN Mujer de 48 años con antecedentes de diabetes mellitus tipo 2 tratada con empaglifozina acudió a consulta después de 8 horas de dolor abdominal, náuseas, vómitos y falta de aliento. Tras el examen físico, la paciente estaba alerta, álgica, pálida, con mucosas secas, taquipneica, taquicárdica y con dolor abdominal difuso sin signos de irritación peritoneal. Los resultados de su laboratorio mostraron una glucemia sérica de 115 mg/dL (70-100 mg/dL), gasometría arterial con acidosis metabólica con anión gap elevado 20 mmol/L. El análisis de orina reportó cetonuria (cuerpos cetónicos 150) y la HbA1C fue 12,4% (4,8%-6%). Se descartó una causa quirúrgica de dolor abdominal y finalmente fue diagnosticada con cetoacidosis diabética euglucémica secundaria al uso de Inhibidores del cotransportador de sodio-glucosa 2.

ABSTRACT A 48-year-old woman with a history of type 2 diabetes mellitus treated with empaglifozine came to consultation after 8 hours of abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and shortness of breath. After the physical examination, the patient was alert, allergic, pale, with dry mucosa, tachypnea, tachycardia, and with diffuse abdominal pain without signs of peritoneal irritation. The results of his laboratory showed a serum glucose of 115 mg/dL (70-100 mg/dL), arterial blood gasometry with metabolic acidosis with an elevated gap anion of 20 mmol/L. Urine analysis reported ketonuria (150 ketone bodies) and HbA1C was 12.4% (4.8% -6%). A surgical cause of abdominal pain was ruled out and she was finally diagnosed with euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis secondary to the use of sodium-glucose cotransporter inhibitors 2.

Cetoacidosis diabética euglucémica en un estado perioperatorio por resección de quiste epidermoide del ángulo pontocerebeloso / Euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis in perioperative state due to resection of the epidermoid cyst of the pontocerebellar angle / Cetoacidose euglicêmica diabética em estado perioperatório devido à ressecção de cisto epidermóide do ângulo pontocerebelar

Resumen: La cetoacidosis diabética es una complicación aguda de la diabetes mellitus, caracterizada por acidosis metabólica con un aumento de la brecha aniónica y evidencia de cuerpos cetónicos en sangre u orina. En la mayor parte de los casos se presenta con hiperglucemia. La cetoacidosis diabética euglucémica se define por la tríada de glucosa con valores menores de 200 mg/dL, acidosis metabólica con anión gap elevado y cetonemia. Los factores asociados con esta entidad son embarazo, tratamiento con SGLT2, disminución da la ingesta calórica, enfermedades hepáticas, ingesta crónica de alcohol, uso de insulina previo a la hospitalización, sepsis, pancreatitis, aumento de las hormonas contrarreguladoras y estados perioperatorios. La base del tratamiento consiste en la corrección rápida de la deshidratación con fluidos intravenosos así como el uso de goteo de insulina junto con una solución que contiene dextrosa hasta que la brecha aniónica y los niveles de bicarbonato se normalicen. En este artículo se reporta el caso de una paciente que ingresa a UCI en el periodo perioperatorio inmediato.

Abstract: Diabetic ketoacidosis is an acute complication of diabetes, characterized by metabolic acidosis with an increase in the values of anion gap and evidence of ketone bodies in blood or urine. In most cases, it is present with hyperglycemia. Euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis is defined by the triad of glucose with values < than 200 mg/dL, metabolic acidosis with high anion gap and ketonemia. The factors associated with this entity are pregnancy, treatment with SGLT2, decrease in caloric intake, liver disease, chronic alcohol intake, use of insulin prior to hospitalization, sepsis, pancreatitis, increase in counter-regulatory hormones and perioperative states. The basis of the treatment is the rapid correction of dehydration with intravenous fluids, as well as the use of insulin drip along with a solution containing dextrose until the anion gap, and bicarbonate levels normalize. In this article, a case of a patient admitted to the ICU in the immediate perioperative period is reported.

Resumo: A cetoacidose diabética é uma complicação aguda do diabetes mellitus, caracterizada por acidose metabólica com aumento do gap aniônico e evidência de corpos cetônicos no sangue ou na urina. Na maioria dos casos está presente com hiperglicemia. A cetoacidose diabética euglicêmica é definida pela tríade glicêmica com valores inferiores a 200 mg/dL, acidose metabólica com amplo ânion Gap e cetonemia. Os fatores associados a essa entidade são gravidez, tratamento com SGLT2, diminuição da ingestão calórica, doença hepática, ingestão crônica de álcool, uso de insulina antes da hospitalização, sepse, pancreatite, aumento de hormônios contra-regulatórios e estados perioperatórios. A base do tratamento consiste na correção rápida da desidratação com fluidos intravenosos, bem como no uso de infusāo de insulina, juntamente com uma solução contendo dextrose até o hiato aniônico e os níveis de bicarbonato voltarem ao normal. Neste artigo, é relatado o caso de um paciente admitido na UTI no período perioperatório imediato.

Cetoacidosis diabética euglucémica secundaria al uso de Dapagliflozina / Euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis secondary to the use of Dapagliflozin

Los inhibidores del cotransportador sodio-glucosa tipo 2 son un grupo de fármacos que se utilizan en tratamiento de la diabetes tipo 2. Un efecto adverso que pueden producir es la cetoacidosis diabética euglucémica, una entidad clínica que se debe conocer para realizar el adecuado diagnóstico y tratamiento, suspendiendo la administración de dichos fármacos.

Inhibitors of sodium-glucose cotransporter type 2 are a group of drugs used in treatment of type 2 diabetes. Euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis is an adverse effect that may occur and a clinical entity that should be known for proper diagnosis and treatment, suspending the administration of this medication.