ABSTRACT
RESUMO A promulgação da Lei Federal n° 9.433, de 8 de janeiro de 1997, foi um marco político e técnico da gestão dos recursos hídricos no Brasil, ao instituir a Política Nacional de Recursos Hídricos, que, nos seus fundamentos, preconiza a gestão dos recursos hídricos descentralizada e a participação do Poder Público, dos usuários e das comunidades. Nesse contexto, o objetivo deste artigo é estabelecer indicadores de sustentabilidade para a área de manancial do município de Paranavaí, no estado do Paraná, Brasil, usando uma abordagem de gestão participativa das partes interessadas associada a ferramentas de análise multicritério para auxílio à tomada de decisão. A área de manancial está inserida numa área de proteção ambiental (APA) denominada de APA Arara. Os métodos utilizados foram mapeamento cognitivo e measuring attractiveness by a categorical-based evaluation technique (MACBETH), aplicados durante uma conferência de decisão com a participação de diversos atores diretamente atingidos e fortemente interessados no tema, tais como órgãos gestores, produtores rurais, empresários do ramo imobiliário, vereadores, instituições de ensino superior etc. No fim da conferência de decisão, 14 indicadores foram definidos e seus pesos estabelecidos. Os resultados obtidos servem de subsídios para a gestão mais eficiente do recurso hídrico, pois conduziram à solução de maior comprometimento, ao envolver muitos atores representantes das partes interessadas. Além disso, mostraram que o uso combinado de mapas cognitivos e da abordagem MACBETH possibilitou a definição de indicadores de sustentabilidade para a APA de forma transparente e eficaz, demonstrando o sucesso na gestão participativa do recurso hídrico.
ABSTRACT The enactment of Federal Act nº 9433, on January 8th, 1997, was a political and technical milestone in water resources management in Brazil, by instituting the National Water Resources Policy which, in its foundations, stablishes decentralized management with the involvement of official authorities, customers and communities. In this context, the purpose of this paper is to set out sustainability indicators for a spring area in the municipality of Paranavaí, located in the state of Paraná, Brazil, using an approach based on the participatory management of stakeholders associated with multi-criteria analysis tools for decision-making support. The spring is located in an Environmental Protection Area, named APA Arara. The methodology consisted in cognitive mapping and the Measuring Attractiveness by a Categorical-Based Evaluation Technique (MACBETH) approach, applied during a decision conference attended by a number of agents directly affected by, and strongly interested in, the issue, such as managing agencies, rural producers, real estate businessmen, councilors, representatives of higher education institutions, among others. By the end of the decision conference, 14 indicators were defined and their weights stablished. The obtained results provide the basis for more efficient water resources management, as they led to the most committed solution by involving many different stakeholders. Furthermore, they showed that the combined use of cognitive maps and the MACBETH approach enabled the setting of sustainability indicators for the APA Arara in a transparent and effective way, emphasizing their success in the participatory water resources management.
ABSTRACT
Objetivo La evaluación de impacto de un programa comunitario algunas veces se basa en técnicas estadísticas como modelos de regresión lineal, y tiene como objetivo cuantificar su efecto sobre aspectos sociales o el bienestar general de la comunidad. No es frecuente utilizar técnicas estadísticas con estructura de correlación entre los sujetos evaluados que permitan modelar variables de tipo social, o sicológica. Esta estrategia de análisis incorpora más información y por lo tanto debe producir resultados más precisos. Métodos En este trabajo se muestra una evaluación de impacto de los efectos producidos sobre el nivel de depresión de una población participante de un grupo de acciones del INDER Medellín en el año 2005, usando modelos lineales mixtos. Resultados Se identificaron variables importantes que reflejan resultados de impacto positivos, como el tiempo de intervención y la edad. Conclusiones Participar en las actividades de bienestar del INDER contribuye a disminuir los niveles de depresión.(AU)
Objective Statistical techniques such as linear regression models are sometimes used for evaluating a community programme's impact, especially when the goal is to quantify its effects on social aspects or a particular community's overall welfare. Statistical techniques taking intra-subject correlation into account, thereby allowing social or psychological variables to be modelled, are not normally used. Such modelling strategy takes more information into account and must thus yield more accurate results than those based solely on linear regression models. Methods This paper evaluates (by means of a linear mixed model) the impact of an Institute of Sport and Recreation (Instituto de Deportes y Recreación - INDER) programme run in 2005 in Medellín on a participating population's levels of depression. Results Important variables such us intervention time and age were identified as important predictors which led to reducing depression. Conclusions Participating in INDER´s welfare programme contributed towards reducing levels of depression.(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Mental Health , Depression/epidemiology , Health Promotion , Linear Models , Colombia/epidemiology , Evaluation Studies as TopicABSTRACT
Indoor air cleaner may improve indoor air quality which is closely related to the human health.The removal efficiency is one of important indicators to evaluate indoor air-cleaning devices.The indoor air cleaning techniques and its application were briefly introduced and the technique of evaluating indoor air cleaner for particle removal efficiency including choosing representative experimental particle,evaluation indicator and test rig were reviewed and discussed in the present paper.