Validity of a frustration-induction procedure

OBJECTIVE: To test a reliable and easily administered frustration-induction procedure for experimental research. METHOD: One hundred volunteers (81 women, mean age ± SD 34.2 ± 8 years) physically and psychiatrically healthy submitted to the frustration induction procedure were prevented from reaching reward level scores. Subjective aggressiveness feelings related to frustration were self-rated in a 13-item visual analogue scale before and after the procedure. RESULTS: Significant increases in aggressiveness-related feelings were detected in 12 of the 13 items. This was consistent with the observed overt behavior of the subjects during the task. CONCLUSIONS: The frustration-induction procedure is a simple, easy to administer frustration-induction procedure that can be used in experimental studies in normal subjects.

OBJETIVO: Testar um procedimento de indução de frustração confiável e de simples aplicação para a pesquisa experimental. MÉTODO: Cem voluntários (81 mulheres, idade média ± DP 34,2 ± 8 anos), física e psiquiatricamente saudáveis, submetidos ao procedimento de indução de frustração, foram impedidos de atingir escores de recompensa. Os sentimentos de agressividade subjetivos relacionados à frustração foram autoclassificados em um escala analógica visual de 13 itens antes e após o procedimento. RESULTADOS: Foram detectados aumentos significativos nos sentimentos relacionados à agressividade em 12 dos 13 itens. Isto foi consistente com o comportamento manifestado pelos indivíduos e observado durante a tarefa. CONCLUSÕES: O procedimento de indução de frustração é simples, facilmente aplicável e que pode ser utilizado em estudos experimentais com indivíduos normais.

Analysis of intracranial cystic disease on ~1H MR spectroscopy / 中华放射学杂志

Objective To analyze the features of intracrayze the features of intracranial cystic diseases on ~1H MRS,and to evaluate the applicable value of ~1H MRS.Methods Fifty-two patients were examinated by single voxel ~1H MRS,included Ⅰ-Ⅱ graded astrocytomas(n=8),glioblastomas(n=9),metastasis(n=13),brain abscesses(n=10),epidermoids(n=4),anachnoid cysts(n=5),brain Cysticerciasis(n=3).Results(1)There was only Lac in Ⅰ-Ⅱ graded astrocytomas.But in glioblastomas,as were as all showed Lac,4 cases showed low Cho and NAA and 2 cases Lip.(2) In(13 metastasis) patients,7 cases only presented Lac,6 cases showed Cho,3 cases showed low NAA and(6 ones) Lip.(3) In brain abscesses,all showed Lac,9 cases displayed AA,6 cases showed Ace,5 cases appeared Suc and Ala,2 cases had Lip.(4) Four cases of epidermoid showed Lac,one showed Lip.In(4 arachnoid) cysts,2 cases had low Lac,one showed Lip.Three cases of cysticerciasis showed Lac,Ace,Suc,Ala and no AA,Cho,NAA.Conclusion Lac is the most common resonance peak on ~1H MRS in intracranial cystic diseases and for no diagnostic specificity.AA combined Ace,Suc,and Ala are highly specificity for brain abscess.Ace,Suc and Ala appearance cues the the possible existence of cysticerciasis.~1H MRS is helpful for the qualitative diagnosis of intracranial disease.

The application of diffusion weighted imaging and apparent diffusion coefficients mapping in monitoring the development of cerebral infarction / 中华放射学杂志

Objective To study the roles of isotropic diffusion weighted imaging and apparent diffusion coefficients (ADC) mapping in diagnosing cerebral infarction, monitoring the development of cerebral infarction and defining the infarction stages.Methods 86 work-ups in 70 patients with cerebral infarction (8 hyperacute, 13 acute, 32 subacute, 11 steady, and 22 chronic) were imaged with both conventional MRI and single-shot echo-planar isotropic diffusion weighted imaging.The change of the infarct lesion in DWI and T_2WI was also analyzed.The average ADC, relative ADC (rADC), and the ADC from center to periphery of the lesion were calculated.Results 8 hyperacute cerebral ischemic regions were revealed at DWI and ADC mapping.Hyperacute and acute infarcts appeared as areas of hyperintensity on DWI, and their average ADC was significantly depressed compared with that of homologous contralateral tissue [(0.698?0.104) ?10 -3 mm 2/s versus (0.990?0.161)?10 -3 mm 2/s; t=-14.372, P

The accuracy of target-controlled infusion of propofol in Chinese / 中华麻醉学杂志

Objective To evaluate the accuracy of target-controlled infusion (TCI) of propofol using pharmacokinetic parameters reported by Marsh to predict plasma propofol concentration in Chinese. MethodsTwenty-two ASA I - II patients were divided into two groups: group Y aged65 yr ( n = 11). Patients with liver, kidney or cardiovascular diseases were excluded. The patients were premedicated with pethidine 50mg and phenobarhital 0.1 g im. Radial artery and internal jugular vein(IJV) were cannulated. The pharmacokinetic parameters incorporated in the Graseby 3500 pump we used were: V1=228 ml-kg-1 , K10 =0.119 min-1 ,K12=0.112 min-1, K2l=0.055min-1 , K13 =0.0419 min-1 ,K31 =0.0033 min-1. Target concentration was started with 2ug-ml-1 and increased at increment of 1ugml-1 until loss of consciousness. The patient was then intubated. When target concentration of propofol was increased, the concentration of inhalation anesthetic was reduced to maintain hemodynamic stability. When target concentration of propofol was increased, arterial blood sample was taken 1-3 times for determination of plasma propofol concentration measured by HPLC (Agilent 1100) . Then blood samples every 10-15 min. For each sample prediction error(PE) and constancy error(CE) were calculated. For each patient median prediction error(MDPE), median absolute prediction error(MDAPE) . Median absolute constancy error (MDACE) and median constancy error (MDCE) were calculated.ResultsThere was remarkable initial overshot. PE and absolute PE were 63.3 % and 66.2 % in group E and 62.1 % and 62.7% in group Y. CE and absolute CE were -0.3% and 12.7% in group E and 0.6% and 13.5% in group Y. The median value of MDPE ( = the median value of MDAPE) was 78.1 % in group E and 66.1% in group Y. The median value of MDCE was 0.2% (group E) and 0.8% (group Y) and MDACE was 12.5% (group E) and 13.5% (group Y) . The measured concentrations were significantly linearly correlated with the premedicated concentrations. Conclusion TCI system with propofolpharmacokinetic parameters reported by Marsh can lead to initial overshot and underestimate the measured plasma propofol concentration but it can maintain a stable plasma concentration