ABSTRACT
Objective@#To evaluate the non-carcinogenic health risk of heavy metals (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Pb and Zn) in residential indoor dust for young children around an e-waste dismantling area in South China.@*Methods@#A village around an e-waste dismantling area in South China was selected as a research site in October 2016. Convenience sampling method was used to select 36 houses in the village and 36 dust samples were collected by vacuum cleaner. The concentrations of heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Pb and Zn) in each sample were determined and expressed by the average value. Non-carcinogenic health risk assessment was conducted using the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Health Risk Assessment (HRA) model, the American Toxicology and Disease Registry (ATSDR) Target-organ Toxicity Dose (TTD) approach and the ATSDR Binary Weight-of-Evidence (BINWOE) model.@*Results@#The mean ± SD of concentrations of As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Pb and Zn were (48.90±33.91), (5.95±3.89), (173.57±580.37), (412.71±1 190.00), (612.82±540.70), (297.41±293.22) and (1 052.81±1 156.48) mg/kg, respectively. The HI value of TTD (2.670) and BINWOE (2.933) were higher than the safety threshold of EPA recommended non-carcinogenic health risk. The HI value of TTD and BINWOE were 1.93 and 2.12 times higher than the HI value of HRA (1.386).@*Conclusion@#There was non-carcinogenic health risk of heavy metals (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Pb and Zn) via residential indoor dust around the e-waste dismantling area for local children.
ABSTRACT
Drug position is the unique clinical value in clinical doctors or patients and medical literature evidence is the important evidence for the effective delivery of drug position information to the users.The logistic relation of the basis for medical literature evidence linage construction with the search of clinical research evidence, selection and assessment of medical literature evidence and creation of medical literature evidence was thus systematically expounded in this paper in order to provide certain enlightenments for the relevant researchers.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE:To evaluate evidence foundation of phamracogenetics personalized medication,and to provide refer-ence for clinical application. METHODS:Using“phamracogenetics”“pharmacogenomics”and“gene polymorphism”as key words,related literatures and clinical guideline were retrieved from PubMed,CNKI,Wanfang database,and analyzed in respects of involved gene,site and drug types,etc. Evidences of package inserts of phamracogenetics biomarker were evaluated by using phamracogenetics practice and prevention evaluation guideline. RESULTS:8 276 papers,25 guidelines and 166 drug package in-serts are available for analysis. The phamracogenetics literatures mostly focus on the relationship between some one gene and differ-ent drugs. In guidelines,some one specific gene can guide clinical application of multiple drugs in different fields. In drug package inserts,general level of clinical evidence is not high;detectable biomarkers is inadequate in category,and detection rate is only 38.06% besides targeting preparation. CONCLUSIONS:Under the condition of low clinical evidence level the detection of pharma-cogenetics biomarker should be conducted carefully,and basic study should be further strengthened.
ABSTRACT
Debido a la importancia de la teorización de la conciencia y el lenguaje, este estudio retomó 86 artículos académicos sobre estos procesos publicados entre 2000 y 2010. Para el análisis de los artículos se utilizó la clasificación hecha por The Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN ), que permite identificar el nivel de evidencia y los grados de recomendación de los mismos. La mayoría de las investigaciones alcanzan un nivel descriptivo-correlacional, y se encontraron pocos estudios explicativos. En los estudios sobre el lenguaje, el diseño metodológico es recurrentemente transversal, mientras que los diseños experimentales aparecen con mayor frecuencia en las investigaciones sobre la conciencia. Los artículos sobre la conciencia tienen un nivel mayor de evidencia y grados de recomendación que los del lenguaje, asunto que pone de manifiesto el interés creciente por el estudio de este proceso.
Owing to the relevance of theorization about language and consciousness, this study took up 86 research articles about these processes; published between the years 2000 and 2010. For the articles' analysis of evidence, the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN) was used. This made possible to identify the levels of evidence and categories of recommendations of the articles. In this study it was found that most of the researches reach a correlation-descriptive level. There were few studies that reach an explicative level. For the language studies, a transversal method is consistently used; meanwhile experimental designs are more recurrent in consciousness research. Articles about consciousness have higher levels of evidence and categories of recommendations compared to language studies. This fact unveils how the interest in the study of this process.