ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE： To establish the quality standard for Kazakhstan medicine Peganum harmala. METHODS： Ten batches of P. harmala collected in Xinjiang Kazakh region were selected as research objects to investigate their characteristics. Qualitative identification of harmaline and harmine was conducted by TLC. The contents of water， total ash， acid-insoluble ash and ethanol extract were tested according to Chinese Pharmacopoeia（2015 edition）. The contents of harmaline and harmine were determined by HPLC. The determination was performed on X-bridge C18 column（250 mm×4.6 mm，5 μm） with mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile-ammonium acetate buffer （adjusted to 6 with glacial acetic acid， gradient elution） at the flow rate of 1 mL/min. The detection wavelength was set at 267 nm， and column temperature was 25 ℃. The sample size was 5 μL. RESULTS： TLC identification results showed that 10 batches of medicinal material showed clear spots at the same position as harmaline and harmine reference substances. Water， total ash， acid-insoluble ash should not be more than 12％，22％，2％， respectively； ethanol extract must not be less than 16％. HPLC results showed that the linear ranges of harmaline and harmine were 15.22-301.40，15.09-301.80 μg/mL； RSDs of precision， reproducibility and stability tests were all lower than 4％； average recoveries were 100.22％ and 100.94％（all RSD＜2％）. The determination results showed that the content of total alkaloids （harmaline and harmine） should not be less than 6.5 mg/g. CONCLUSIONS： Based on the original standard， test items are added in this study. TLC method is established to identify harmaline and harmine. HPLC method is established to determine their contents. Established quality standard can be used for comprehensive quality control of P. harmala from Xinjiang Kazakh region.
ABSTRACT
By analyzing the status and problems of academic evaluation level courses in public in-frastructure, we set up the academic level system of the process examination and ability evaluation of the public basic courses, from the four aspects, such as public basic curriculum, process examination and ability evaluation, the overall training objectives, teaching model, teaching and evaluation process, evaluation index classification and weight system of the academic level public basic curriculum. According to this system, effective measurement and verification have been carried out, and good results have been achieved. The system is conducive to students' correctly grasping the status of learning , and actively reflecting on the learning process, so that they can better grasp the learning methods. The system can serve as a useful refer-ence for the reform of similar institutions.
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Objective To discuss the reasons for the difference in the results of medical checkups for cardidates enlisted in teenager aviation classes, in order to offer tips for the establishment of regional training programs and improve the qualification rate and acceptability.Methods A total of 2894 junior high school graduates as candidates for selection to teenager aviation classes in 2015 were given a double-blind medical examination.Cross-sectional survey methodology was used to compare the differences in the results of physical examinations, for candidates from seven areas.Results The qualification rate of physical checkups in the above regions were significantly different.The regional differences in the rejection rate related to ophthalmology, surgery, neurology and ultrasound were significant(P 0.05).The vision, height and relative body mass in different regions were significantly different (P0.05).Conclusion The physical differences are the results of various factors.In order to improve the passing rate of candidats, the aviation training plan for teenager aviation classes should consider the geography, climate, socio-economic environment and the physical health of local students.We should implement training programs in line with local conditions reather than use a unified national standard.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the application efficacy objective structured clinical exam-ination (OSCE) in assessment of interns of traditional Chinese medicine in anesthesiology department. Methods Totally 62 interns were examed by OSCE formulated by anesthesiology department before de-partmental rotation. Contents of the exam included preoperative evaluation,endotracheal intubation tech-nique,deep venipuncture,lumbar puncture,case analysis,medical documents writing,etc. Assessment was made by exam results and questionnaire survey. Quantitative data were analyzed by ANOVA and results of questionnaire were analyzed by calculating percentage of each option and describing directly. Results Test results showed that the score of medical document writing was the highest(18.25 ± 1.53),while that of case analysis was the lowest(13.49±1.46)and there was no significant difference in scores of three clinical skills. Questionnaire survey showed the OSCE method is superior to traditional method since it is more scientific,objective and fair. Conclusions OSCE method can scientifically as-sess the clinical practice effect of interns of traditional Chinese medicine in anesthesiology department. Meanwhile, it can find the shortcomings in the teaching, which is helpful in promoting the assessment and improvement of clinical teaching.