Survey on frequency of medical X-ray diagnosis in Jiangsu province / 中华放射医学与防护杂志

Objective To survey the frequency of medical X-ray diagnosis and estimate the medical exposure levels of Jiangsu province in 2016,so as to be able to improve effectively the protection against medical radiation exposure.Methods All medical institutions in the province were covered in the survey for their basic medical information by means of census method.Frequencies of diagnostic medical X-ray examination were studied using random sampling method in 31 medical institutions.A linear model was established by number of outpatients number of inpatients,number of staff and number of radiation workers to evaluate the medical examination frequency.Results A total of 9 248 pieces of medical X-ray diagnostic equipment by the end of 2016 in Jiangsu province,including 1 110 CT scanners.The total frequencies of diagnostic medical X-ray examination were estimated to be 911.45 examinations per 1 000 population,covering 239.25 per 1 000 for CT scanning.The number of medical X-ray diagnostic equipment increased by a factor of 0.8 while CT scanners by a factor of 3.6 compared to 1999.Medical X-ray diagnostic frequency raised by a factor of 3.2 while CT frequency by a factor of 15.1 compared with previous data.Conclusions The medical X-ray diagnostic frequencies in Jiangsu province was 1.9 times the value given in the UNSCEAR 2008 Report,close to those in some developed European countries.Compared with the study in 2015,the present study has made greater improvement in sampling technique for selection of hospitals and equipment,frequency estimation method and acquisition of influence factors.Estimates of medical X-ray diagnosis frequency are closer to actual level.Further improvement will be needed for the future survey,so as to further study medical exposure levels and to provide basic information for better patient protection.

Examinees' Knowledge of the Result Form of Korean National Health Examination

BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular diseases related mortality attributes to approximately one fourth of mortality in Korea, and management of chronic diseases is essential for the prevention of cardiovascular diseases. Through the health screening program, early detection and prevention of chronic disease are made possible, and this will improve the health status of examinees. In the current national health examination (NHE), counseling and continuous management after NHE have not been properly made. We aimed to investigate examinees' knowledge of the result form of NHE in order to find the ways of improvement. METHODS: We recruited 120 examinees, who have undergone general health examination and life turning point health examination (LTPHE), and conducted survey from January 7, 2016 to January 26, 2016. Participants answered questionnaires regarding demographic characteristics, health screening related factors, and their knowledge and attitude towards NHE. Answers were converted to Likert scale, and student t-test, one-way ANOVA, and linear regression models were used for the analyses. RESULTS: Examinees' knowledge of the result form was lowest in the blood test category. When age and type of institution were adjusted, the examinees in their 60s had significantly lower knowledge of all the categories of result forms except urine test in comparison to the younger examinees. When type of institutions were compared, examinees, who had undergone NHE in health screening clinics, had significantly lower knowledge of several categories of result forms in comparison to those who had undergone NHE in private clinics and general hospitals. Examinees' knowledge of the LTPHE result form was lowest in categories of “mild cognitive impairment and dementia” and “fall down and voiding difficulty.” CONCLUSIONS: The result form of NHE should be revised so that examinees in old age can easily understand. Examinees' knowledge of the result form was lower in health screening clinic; thus, quality of health screening clinic should be improved for continuous care after NHE.

Socialization character of the examinee in entrance examination of medical postgraduate / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective To study the socialization character of the examinee in entrance examination of medical postgraduate.Methods 48 examinee in physical fitness test and 496 examinee in entrance examination of medical postgraduate were investigated by applying minnesota multiphasic personality inventory ( MMPI ).Results ①Female postgraduate entrance examinee had higher scores of social responsibility and absence of social anxiety ( H1 ) than male ( 59.1 ± 9.0 vs 56.0 ± 8.5, 59.0 ± 10.1vs 57.3 ± 8.6, P ＜ 0.05 ).Graduates had higher scores of absence of social anxiety( H1 ) (58.3 ±9.4 vs 52.1 ± 11.5, P＜0.05 ), lower scores of alienation from the society(PD4A) and alienation from the society(S1 A) (44.2 ±7.6 vs 51.7 ±9.0, 39.6 ±7.4 vs 45.9 ±9.6,P＜0.05) than junior college graduates.The unmarried persons had higher scores of alienation from the society (PD4A) than the married persons (44.7±7.7 vs 42.9±7.1,P<0.05).②After controlling the effect of gender,marital status and education level, covariance analysis demonstrated that postgraduate entrance examinee had higher scores of S1A (40.0 ±7.5 vs35.2 ±6.8, P＜0.05).Conclusion There are significant differences of socialization character among postgraduate entrance examinee with the difference of genders, marital status and education level.Postgraduate entrance examinee prefers alienation from the society.

Mediating effect of psychological defense mechanism between personality and depression or anxiety in postgraduate entrance re-examinee / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective To study the mediating effect of psychological defense mechanism between personality and depression or anxiety in postgraduate entrance re-examinee. Methods 496 examinee in entrance re-examination of medical postgraduate were investigated by applying Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory(MMsion and anxiety(r=0. 107 ～0. 668, P＜0.05). Psychological defense mechanism was remarkably correlated with depression and anxiety(r= -0. 090 ～ -0.666, P＜0.05;r=0. 131 ～0. 663, P＜0.01). Personality was significantly correlated with psychological defense mechanism (r = - 0. 158 ～ - 0. 586, P ＜ 0.01;r = 0.125 ～ 0.532, Psion, anxiety factor, explicit anxiety, and fear (21.6%, 43.8%, 35.7%, 65.7%). Conclusion Personality is a remarkable predictor of depression and anxiety,and has indirect and direct influence on depression and anxiety through psychological defense mechanism.

The Prevalence of Esophageal Disorders in the Subjects Examined for Health Screening / 대한소화기학회지

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Various disorders can be developed in the esophagus. However, esophagus has been less well focused than other gastrointestinal (GI) tracts since the esophageal disorders are relatively uncommon. There has been no report on the prevalence of overall esophageal disorders in Korea. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of esophageal disorders in health examinee. METHODS: We reviewed retrospectively the endoscopic reports of 6,683 subjects who underwent upper GI endoscopy for screening purpose at Gyeongsang National University Hospital from March, 2005 to May, 2006. RESULTS: Among 6,683 health examinee, 1,154 (17.26%) had esophageal diseases. Gastro-esophageal reflux diseases (GERD) were the most common diseases (14.66%). The prevalence of erosive reflux esophagitis, minor change esophagitis, and Barrett's esophagus was 8.45%, 5.01% and 1.12%, respectively. Hiatal hernia and esophageal submucosal tumor were 2nd and 3rd common diseases (2.0% and 0.6%, respectively). A variety of other esophageal disorders were seen as well. The esophageal disorders with over 0.1% of prevalence were esophageal varices (0.37%), esophageal squamous papilloma (0.31%), esophageal candidiasis (0.25%), nonspecific esophagitis (0.16%), heterotopic gastric mucosa (0.16%), and esophageal vascular ectasia (0.12%) in order. CONCLUSIONS: The overall prevalence of esophageal disorders among health examinee was 17.3%. The GERD was the main esophageal disease and a variety of esophageal diseases were identified. The endoscopists need to take an interest in the esophageal disorders and a community-oriented well organized study should be warranted.

Estimation of an Examinee's Ability in the Web-Based Computerized Adaptive Testing Program IRT-CAT / 보건의료교육평가

We developed a program to estimate an examinee s ability in order to provide freely available access to a web-based computerized adaptive testing (CAT) program. We used PHP and Java Script as the program languages, PostgresSQL as the database management system on an Apache web server and Linux as the operating system. A system which allows for user input and searching within inputted items and creates tests was constructed. We performed an ability estimation on each test based on a Rasch model and 2- or 3-parametric logistic models. Our system provides an algorithm for a web-based CAT, replacing previous personal computer-based ones, and makes it possible to estimate an examinee's ability immediately at the end of test.