ABSTRACT
Objetivo. El estudio es del tipo investigación-intervención bajo la modalidad terapeuta-coterapeuta,orientado a entrenar a los/as estudiantes, en atención a familias y parejas. Método. Se utilizó la metodología cualitativa acción participante, en la vertiente llamada experiencial. Participaron en el estudio dos profesionales, psicólogas clínicas y 6 estudiantes de pregrado de Psicología de últimos semestres. Resultados. Se recogieron las experiencias vividas mediante la fundamentación e implementación de un modelo piloto de entrenamiento a estudiantes de Psicología en atención a familias y parejas para que pudiera ser sistematizado por la Universidad. Conclusión. La implementación del modelo de atención terapeuta-coterapeuta permitió ampliar la mirada y pasar de una atención individual (intrapsíquica) a una atención familiar, grupal o de parejas (interpersonal). Se demostró cómo la co-construcción del conocimiento deriva del trabajo en grupo y cómo emerge la necesidad de implementar otros modelos de entrenamiento terapéutico a estudiantes de pregrado en Psicología para afrontar eficazmente su práctica clínica profesional.
Objective. The purpose of this study was to design a therapist - co-therapist training model, and to introduce undergraduate Psychology students to the practice of family and couples therapy and to broaden their perspective and reasoning from an individual to a relational reading of psychosocial processes. The study followed a research/intervention model. Method. The methodology was clinical and action-oriented, following an experiential approach. Two therapists coordinated the training workshops with 6 senior Psychology students. Initially a collaborative seminar was formed to study and discuss the theoretical concepts of family and couples therapy and to explore and analyze the participants' own genealogy and family tree structure. Gradually, the group became a clinical team and therapist - co-therapist pairs started diagnostic and intervention procedures. Results. Experiences through the implementation of a pilot model for introducing and training Psychology students to work with families and couples were gathered, so that these could be systematized by the program. Data from therapy sessions and staff meetings were recorded and analyzed through qualitative procedures. Conclusion. As a product of the implementation of this pilot model, the perspective of the undergraduate Psychology students was broadened from an individual (intrapsychic) focus to a group (interpersonal), family, or couples focus. The findings demonstrate how the co-construction of knowledge is derived from group work, and the need to implement other training models for the training of students in psychological reasoning for professional practice.
Escopo. O estudo foi feito usando o desenho de pesquisa- intervenção, com o que procura-se treinar estudantes de Psicologia em atenção a famílias e casais com o modelo terapeuta- coterapeuta. Metodologia. Dois profissionais, psicólogas clínicas e seis estudantes de licenciatura de Psicologia de últimos semestres participaram no estudo. Os dados foram coletados com a metodologia qualitativa ação participante, na vertente chamada experiencial. Resultados. Foram coletadas as experiências vividas mediante a fundamentação e implementação de um modelo piloto de treinamento a estudantes de Psicologia em atenção a famílias e casais para puder ser sistematizado pela universidade. Conclusão. A implementação do modelo de atenção terapeuta-coterapeuta permitiu ampliar a mirada e passar de uma atenção individual (intrapsíquica) a uma atenção familiar, grupal, o de casais (interpessoal). Foi demostrado como a co- construção do conhecimento deriva do trabalho em grupo e da qual emerge a necessidade de implementar outros modelos de treinamento terapêutico a estudantes de licenciatura em Psicologia, para afrontar eficazmente sua prática clínica profissional.
Subject(s)
Humans , Countertransference , Psychology , Family , Object AttachmentABSTRACT
La anfotericina B es un antifúngico ampliamente usado en infecciones sistémicas por hongos levaduriformes y filamentosos, entre ellas las meningitis por Cryptococcus neoformans. Sus reacciones adversas pueden ser inmediatas o dosis y tiempo dependiente. En nuestro trabajo en el hospital C. van Buren de Valparaíso, se revisaron 27 fichas de pacientes que cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión (24 hombres y 3 mujeres). El principal síntoma de la meningitis por Crytococcus fue la cefalea (96,3 por ciento). En 25 casos hubo confirmación con tinta china y/o cultivo. Durante el tratamiento con anfotericina B la hipokalemia fue la reacción adversa que se presento con mayor frecuencia (83 por ciento) y la nefrotoxicidad en un 59,1 por ciento. La dosis acumulada administrada fue en promedio 525 mg, suspendiendo generalmente su administración cuando se lograba una mejoría clínica junto a esterilidad del LCR (tinta china y/o cultivo negativo). Un 33,3 por ciento de los pacientes con diagnostico de meningitis por C. neoformans falleció por distintas complicaciones.
Amphotericin B is a antifungal drug widely used in systemic infections by filamentous and levaduriform fungi, as in meningitis by Cryptococcus neoformans. Its adverse reactions can be immediate or dose and time dependent. In our paper, 27 patient files were reviewed in C. van Buren hospital of Valparaíso and all of them met the criteria for inclusion (24 men and 3 women). In 96.3 percent of cases, headaches were the main symptom of meningitis caused by Cryptococcus. Twenty five cases were confirmed by the use of chinese ink and/or by culture. During the treatment with amphotericin B, the most frequent changes were hypokalemia (83 percent) and nefrotoxicity in 59.1 percent. The average of cumulative dose administered was 525 mg and was suspended when a clinical recovery was achieved next to a sterile cefalorraquid liquid (negative to chinese ink and/or culture). 33.3 percent of the patients diagnosed with meningitis by C. neoformans died due to different complications.