Extensión del empleo del criterio de expertos. Validez, consistencia y fiabilidad de los resultados científicos

El criterio (juicio o consulta) de expertos, en las últimas décadas, ha sido ampliamente utilizado en las investigaciones cualitativas, puede decirse que para muchos investigadores constituye la "regla de oro" para validar sus hallazgos. El propósito del artículo consistió en proponer un procedimiento para el procesamiento estadístico de los datos cuando se emplea una extensión del método convencional del criterio de expertos, para establecer la validez, consistencia y fiabilidad en los hallazgos científicos. El mismo fue aplicado en la toma de decisiones de una de las tres dimensiones de la variable de los componentes del ejercicio problémico interdisciplinario del proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje. En el proceso investigativo se utilizaron métodos empíricos como la revisión de documentos, la encuesta y el criterio de expertos. Los tests estadísticos aplicados arrojaron significación estadística (P < 0.05 hasta P < 0.001) entre las comparaciones y/o asociaciones realizadas. Los hallazgos encontrados demostraron, al aplicar el procedimiento, una aproximación hacia la validez, consistencia y fiabilidad de los resultados científicos.

O julgamento de especialistas (julgamento ou consulta) tem sido, nas últimas décadas, amplamente utilizado em pesquisas qualitativas, indiscutivelmente o "padrão ouro" para muitos pesquisadores validarem suas descobertas. O objetivo do artigo foi propor um procedimento para o processamento estatístico de dados ao usar uma extensão do método convencional de julgamento de especialistas para estabelecer validade, consistência e confiabilidade em descobertas científicas. Ele foi aplicado na tomada de decisão de uma das três dimensões dos componentes variáveis do exercício interdisciplinar de solução de problemas do processo de ensino-aprendizagem. Métodos empíricos, como análise de documentos, pesquisa e julgamento de especialistas, foram usados no processo de pesquisa. Os testes estatísticos aplicados mostraram significância estatística (P < 0,05 a P < 0,001) entre as comparações e/ou associações feitas. Os resultados demonstraram, ao aplicar o procedimento, uma abordagem voltada para a validade, a consistência e a confiabilidade dos resultados científicos.

In recent decades, expert judgment has been widely used in qualitative research, and it can be said that for many researchers it constitutes the "golden rule" for validating their findings. The purpose of the article was to propose a procedure for the statistical processing of data when an extension of the conventional method of expert judgment is used to establish the validity, consistency and reliability of scientific findings. It was applied in the decision making of one of the three dimensions of the variable of the components of the interdisciplinary problem-solving exercise of the teaching-learning process. Empirical methods such as document review, survey and expert judgment were used in the research process. The statistical tests applied showed statistical significance (P < 0.05 to P < 0.001) among the comparisons and/or associations made. The findings found demonstrated, when applying the procedure, an approach towards the validity, consistency and reliability of the scientific results.

Chinese experts consensus on the management of surgical site infection in solid organ transplantation (2022 edition) / 器官移植

The quality of solid organ transplantation has been improved significantly in China in recent years. However, surgical site infection (SSI) is still a main factor affecting the survival of solid organ transplantation recipients. With the joint efforts of experts in fields of organ transplantation, infectious diseases, critical care medicine, laboratory medicine and clinical pharmacy, this expert consensus systematically summarizes the experiences of SSI management in solid organ transplantation in China, focusing on basic management principles, epidemiology, risk factors, special pathogen infection and diagnostic techniques of SSI. It aims to standardize the prevention measures of SSI in transplantation centers to reduce the incidence and mortality of SSI in solid organ transplantation recipients.

Saberes, personas expertas e instituciones. El caso del XIV Congreso Panamericano de Educación Física, Costa Rica 1993 / Knowledge, Experts, and Institutions. The Case of the XIV Pan American Congress of Physical Education, Costa Rica 1993

Resumen Objetivo: El siguiente trabajo científico analiza, desde un enfoque socio-histórico con énfasis en la historia social de los saberes y personas expertas, el XIV Congreso Panamericano de Educación Física realizado en Costa Rica en 1993. Analiza al evento como un espacio de sociabilidad, circulación de saberes, legitimación de ciertos sujetos expertos, e influencia y poder de algunas organizaciones internacionales. Teniendo en cuenta ello, la finalidad del artículo es examinar los saberes, personas expertas y organizaciones que validaron ciertos sentidos verdaderos sobre cómo conceptualizar el amplio universo de la cultura física, la educación física y los deportes. Material y métodos: Para llevar a cabo el análisis hermenéutico, en el marco de una metodología cualitativa, se ha focalizado la atención interpretativa en diversas fuentes documentales, entre las que se destacan las memorias e informes del congreso, la prensa escrita, las exposiciones centrales, las ponencias generales y las memorias vinculadas a otros congresos panamericanos. Asimismo, se han realizado un conjunto de entrevistas semiestructuradas. El análisis ha articulado el ''texto'' junto con las condiciones históricas de producción e interacción del universo indagado. Resultados y conclusiones: Entre las conclusiones, se identifica al congreso como un espacio en el que la disciplina educativa fue interpelada a través de diversos saberes, destacándose los biomédicos, los pedagógicos, los didácticos y los sociológicos. Asimismo, el congreso visibilizó a ciertos sujetos expertos internacionales y a importantes instituciones transnacionales vinculadas al heterogéneo campo de la cultura física.

Abstract Objective: From a socio-historical approach with emphasis on the social history of knowledge and experts, the following scientific work analyzes the XIV Pan American Congress of Physical Education held in Costa Rica in 1993. The paper analyzes the event as a space for sociability, knowledge circulation, legitimation of certain experts, influence, and power of some international organizations. Based on this analysis, the article aims to examine the knowledge, experts, and organizations that validated certain true meanings on how to conceptualize the vast universe of physical culture, physical education, and sports. Material and methods: To conduct the hermeneutical analysis within the framework of a qualitative methodology. Interpretive attention has been focused on various documentary sources, such as memoirs and reports of the congress, the written press, the central exhibitions, the general lectures, and the memories related to other Pan American congresses. Likewise, a set of semi-structured interviews have been carried out. The analysis has articulated the ''text'' with the historical conditions of production and interaction of the investigated universe. Results and conclusion: Among the conclusions, the congress is identified as a space in which the educational discipline was questioned through various types of knowledge, highlighting the biomedical, pedagogical, didactic, and sociological ones. In addition, the congress made visible certain international experts and important transnational institutions linked to the heterogeneous field of physical culture.

Resumo Objetivo: Este trabalho científico analisa, a partir de uma abordagem sócio-histórica com ênfase na história social do conhecimento e dos especialistas, o XIV Congresso Pan-Americano de Educação Física realizado na Costa Rica em 1993. Analisa o evento como espaço de sociabilidade, circulação de saberes, legitimação de certos especialistas, influência e poder de algumas organizações internacionais. O objetivo desse artigo é examinar os saberes, especialistas e organizações que validaram certos significados verdadeiros sobre como conceituar o amplo universo da cultura física, da educação física e do esporte. Material e métodos: Para realizar a análise hermenêutica, a partir de uma metodologia qualitativa, a atenção interpretativa tem-se centrado em várias fontes documentais, entre as quais se destacam as memórias e relatórios do congresso, a imprensa escrita, as exposições centrais, as conferências gerais, e as memórias relacionadas a outros congressos panamericanos. Da mesma forma, foi realizado um conjunto de entrevistas semiestruturadas. A análise articulou o ''texto'' às condições históricas de produção e interação do universo investigado. Resultados e conclusão: Dentre as conclusões, o congresso é identificado como um espaço em que a disciplina educacional foi interpretada por meio de diversos saberes, destacando-se o biomédico, o pedagógico, o didático e o sociológico. Da mesma forma, o congresso tornou visíveis alguns especialistas internacionais e importantes instituições transnacionais vinculadas ao heterogêneo campo da cultura física.

El método de consulta a expertos en tres niveles de validación / Method for expert consultation at three levels of validation

Introducción: En muchas investigaciones científicas de las Ciencias Sociales, es usual la aplicación del método de consulta a expertos con el fin de validar escalas, enfoques, proyecciones, políticas y otros temas para la adopción de decisiones fundamentadas, aunque se constata su empleo parcial, indiscriminado e incorrecto. Objetivo: Fundamentar la necesidad de aplicar el método de consulta a expertos en tres niveles para determinar: la competencia de los expertos; la fiabilidad del instrumento empleado y el consenso entre los expertos sobre el tema abordado. Material y Métodos: Se realizó una sistematización de documentos relacionados con el empleo del método de consulta de expertos en la investigación científica, tesis de doctorado y maestría, artículos, monografías y otras publicaciones. Se aplicaron pruebas estadísticas no paramétricas. Resultados: Se constata que la aplicación del método de consulta a expertos siguiendo los procedimientos adecuados, permite elevar el rigor metodológico y su contribución en la investigación científica. Conclusiones: El método de consulta a expertos constituye una herramienta eficaz en la investigación científica siempre que se aplique con el rigor requerido(AU)

Introduction: The method for expert consultation is commonly applied to scientific research conducted in the Social Sciences to validate scales, approaches, planning, politics, and other matters in decision making; however, its incorrect, indiscriminate, and partial use is confirmed. Objective: To validate the need to apply the method for expert consultation at three levels in order to determine: the competence of experts; the reliability of the instrument used; and the consensus among experts on the topic approached. Material and Methods: Systematization of documents related to the use of the method for expert consultation in scientific research, master´s and doctoral theses, articles, monographs, and other publications. Non-parametric statistical tests were applied. Results: It is confirmed that the application of the method for expert consultation following the appropriate procedures allows for an increase in the methodological rigor and a contribution to scientific research. Conclusions: The method for expert consultation is an effective tool in scientific research provided that it is rigorously applied(AU)

Analysis on influencing factors of acupuncture curative effect based on experts' experience / 中国针灸

To explore the influencing factors of acupuncture curative effect in literature of experts' experience. The journal literature of experts' experience was retrieved from China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and PubMed, starting from inception to September 4, 2020, and the influencing factors of acupuncture curative effect were extracted and analyzed. A total of 499 articles were included, involving 495 articles in Chinese and 4 articles in English. The influencing factors of acupuncture curative effect mainly include five aspects: diagnostic method, acupoint selection of acupuncture, acupuncture manipulation, regulating mind of acupuncture and acupuncture time, and provide reference for acupuncture protocol design in clinical trials.

Practice and exploration on the talents working mechanism of " provincial hospital recruit staff and county hospital get experts" / 中华医院管理杂志

In the context of the construction of " double sinking and double upgrading" in Zhejiang province, a provincial hospital explored a pilot talent working mechanism of " provincial hospital recruit staff and county hospital get experts" in the process of cooperating with county hospitals. In view of the problem that high-quality medical human resources were difficult to sink, with the flexibility of the reform of post filing and staffing, we put forward the idea of " provincial hospital recruit staff and county hospital get experts" , established key support disciplines, recruited staff by provincial hospitals, and arranged experts to precisely " sink as needed" to help disciplines of county hospitals. It helped to explore the establishment of a long-term mechanism to promote the flow of excellent medical talents to remote mountain areas, built a " specialized community" of provincial and county hospitals, and improved the medical service capacity, medical quality and discipline construction of county hospitals.

Validación de instrumentos para el desarrollo de habilidades profesionales en el periodo preoperatorio mediato / Validation of instruments for the development of professional abilities in the mediate preoperative period

Introducción: Una de las tareas básicas en las investigaciones es la realización de herramientas con contenidos acordes con el tema que se desea estudiar, lo cual puede solucionarse mediante los criterios de expertos, que permiten la confección de instrumentos confiables y su aplicabilidad en las ciencias biomédicas. Objetivo: Describir los resultados del proceso de selección de expertos para la validación teórica de los instrumentos utilizados en la estrategia de superación profesional de los cirujanos en el periodo preoperatorio mediato. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio cualitativo y cuantitativo en el Hospital General Docente Dr. Juan Bruno Zayas Alfonso de Santiago de Cuba, desde diciembre de 2019 hasta marzo de 2021. El universo estuvo constituido por 25 expertos, a quienes se les aplicó el test de autovaloración y el método Delphi. Resultados: Se halló que 17 (68,0 %) doctores en ciencias obtuvieron coeficiente de competencia alto y 6 (24,0 %) medio, los cuales fueron seleccionados para validar los instrumentos y el programa docente de la investigación. Los expertos consideraron que en dichos instrumentos existió suficiencia claridad, coherencia y relevancia. A pesar de que no alcanzaron la calificación máxima, todos obtuvieron entre 3 y 4 puntos, por lo que no se realizaron cambios en los ítems. Conclusiones: La validación del contenido de los instrumentos sirvió para fortalecer las herramientas utilizadas en la investigación, la experiencia en la actividad profesional y en la función científico - investigativa.

Introduction: One of the basic tasks in the investigations is the realization of tools with contents according to the topic that is wanted to study, which can be solved by means of the experts criteria that allow the making of reliable instruments and their implementation in the biomedical sciences. Objective: To describe the results of the experts selection process for the theoretical validation of the instruments used in the strategy of the surgeons professional training during the mediate preoperative period. Methods: A qualitative and quantitative study was carried out at Dr. Juan Bruno Zayas Alfonso Teaching General Hospital in Santiago de Cuba, from December, 2019 to March, 2021. The universe was constituted by 25 experts to whom the self-appraisal test and Delphi method were applied. Results: It was found that 17 (68.0 %) doctors in science obtained high competence coefficient and 6 (24.0 %) mean competence coefficient, which were selected to validate the instruments and the teaching program of investigation. The experts considered that in this instruments existed sufficiency, clarity, coherence and relevance. Although they didn't reach the maximum qualification, all of them obtained between 3 and 4 points, reason why changes in the items were not carried out. Conclusion: The validation of the instruments content was good to strengthen the tools used in the investigation, the experience in the professional activity and in the scientist - investigative function.

Epidemias e os avisos surdos da história / Epidemics and the silent warnings of history / Epidemias y los sordos avisos de la historia

Neste artigo, analisamos o impacto das epidemias em duas cidades portuguesas ­ a capital, Lisboa, e a cidade do Porto, nodo de uma rede comercial intensa, de meados do século XIX até ao final da primeira década do século XX. Sendo ambas cidades portuárias de um país europeu, periférico, mas com um vasto império colonial, a prevenção e a aplicação de medidas de combate às epidemias, foram, e continuam a ser, fundamentais na gestão, muitas vezes precária, das crises sanitárias. Não temos dúvidas que as reflexões que estes dois casos de estudo nos proporcionam podem ser facilmente recuperadas e readaptadas para a análise da pandemia global daCOVID-19. Podemos usar a investigação histórica sobre a forma como temos lidado, enquanto sociedade, com as epidemias e pandemias para melhor atravessarmos os actuais momentos de incerteza e de espanto e definirmos acções futuras que sejam eficazes na alteração das condições que levaram a, em pleno século XXI, parar o mundo. Se é, naturalmente, impossível prever datas e contornos exactos da ocorrência das próximas epidemias, é possível criar as condições locais, nacionais e globais, tanto ao nível ambiental e social, como institucional e político para que lhes possamos responder com muito maior eficácia. Mais que reagir, teremos que ser capazes de antecipar.

In this article we analyze the impact of epidemics in two Portuguese cities ­ Lisbon, the capital city, and the city of Porto, the hub of an intense commercial network ­ from mid-19th century to the end of the first decade of the 20th century. As port cities of a peripheral European country with a vast colonial empire, the prevention and application of measures to combat epidemics were fundamental in the, often precarious, management of health crises. They still are. We argue that the reflections provided by these two case studies can be easily recovered as guides in the analysis of the present global COVID-19 pandemic. Historical research on how societies have dealt with epidemics and pandemics in the past help to understand current moments of uncertainty and astonishment, and to outline effective future actions to avoid the adverse conditions that put the whole world to a halt, in 2020. Of course, it is impossible to predict the exact dates and contours of the occurrence of the next epidemics, but it is necessary to create the local, national and global conditions, both at the environmental and social, as well as institutional and political levels, which will enable us to respond to them effectively. More than react, we need to anticipate.

En este artículo analizamos el impacto de las epidemias en dos ciudades portuguesas ­ Lisboa y Oporto, nodos de una red comercial intensa ­ desde mediados de siglo XIX hasta finales de la primera década de siglo XX. Siendo ambas ciudades portuarias y de un país europeo periférico,pero con un vasto imperio colonial, la prevención y aplicación de medidas para combatir las epidemias fueron (y continúan siendo) fundamentales en la gestión (muchas veces precaria) de las crisis sanitarias. No tenemos duda que las reflexiones que estos dos casos nos proporcionan pueden ser fácilmente recuperadas y adaptadas para el análisis de la pandemia de COVID-19. Podemos usar la investigación histórica sobre la forma como hemos lidiado, en cuanto sociedad, con las epidemias y pandemias para atravesar, de la mejor manera posible, los momentos actuales de incertidumbre y de desconcierto, y poder definir efectivas acciones futuras que puedan alterar las condiciones que llevaron a parar el mundo en pleno siglo XXI. Si bien es naturalmente imposible prever las fechas y devenires exactos de los acontecimientos de las próximas epidemias, es posible crear las condiciones locales, nacionales y globales, tanto a nivel ambiental y social, como institucional y político, para que podamos responder con mucha más eficacia. Más que actuar, tenemos que ser capaces de anticipar.

China experts' consensus on preventive and interceptive orthodontic treatments of malocclusions of children / 华西口腔医学杂志

Malocclusion is one of the three most common oral diseases reported by World Health Organization(WHO). In China, its incidence rate is rising. Malocclusion seriously affects the dental and maxillofacial function, facial appearance and growth development of nearly 260 million children in China, and what is more, it affects their physical and mental health development. Malocclusion occurrence is related to genetic and environmental factors. Early treatment of malocclusion can create a good dental and maxillofacial development environment, correct abnormal growth and control the adverse effects of abnormal genetic factors. It can effectively reduce the prevalence of children's malocclusion and enhance their physical and mental health. This is an urgent need from the economic perspective of our society, so it has great practical and social significance. Experts from the project group "standard diagnose and treatment protocols for early orthodontic intervention of malocclusions of children" which initiated by China National Health Institute of Hospital Administration wrote the "China Experts' Consensus on Preventive and Interceptive Orthodontic Treatments of Malocclusions of Children", which aims to guide and popularize the clinical practice, improve the clinical theory and practice level, and accelerate the disciplinary development of early treatment of children's malocclusion in China. The consensus elaborates the harmfulness of malocclusion and the necessity of early treatment, and brings up the principles and fundamental contents. Based on the law of dental and maxillofacial development, this paper puts forward the guiding suggestions of preventive and interceptive treatments in different stages of dental development ranging from fetus to early permanent dentition. It is a systematic project to promote and standardize the early treatment of malocclusion. Through scientific and comprehensive stratified clinical practice and professional training, the clinical system of early treatment of malocclusion in China will eventually be perfected, so as to comprehensively care for children's dental and maxillofacial health, and improve their oral and physical health in China.

Adaptación transcultural de instrumentos de evaluación en salud: historia y reflexiones del por qué, cómo y cuándo / Cross-cultural adaptation of evaluation instruments in health: history and reflections of why, how and when

En la actualidad se enfatiza el enfoque universal para abordar situaciones de interés mundial en ámbitos tales como educación, economía y salud. Esto requiere indicadores transversales que posibiliten comparaciones adecuadas. En el área de la salud esto es especialmente relevante para comprender, conocer y responder problemas sanitarios que trascienden las fronteras. La mayoría de los instrumentos de evaluación en salud han sido desarrollados en idioma anglosajón, lo que requiere de un proceso de Adaptación Transcultural (AT) para ser utilizados en países de habla hispana. La AT va más allá de la mera traducción; tiene etapas y requiere componentes específicos para asegurar la validez y confiabilidad del instrumento al ser aplicado en poblaciones con diferente cultura y/o idioma. El presente artículo tiene por objetivo revisar la relevancia de la adaptación transcultural de instrumentos en salud, los componentes y recomendaciones generales del proceso, así como también algunos conceptos claves como la equivalencia, el rol del comité de expertos y la prueba piloto del instrumento adaptado. Se describe el desarrollo histórico de este proceso, evidencia de su uso y desafíos actuales. Finalmente se insta a la revisión de los documentos referenciados para quienes deseen ahondar en los recursos disponibles que lo guían.

Nowadays the use of a universal approach is emphasized to address issues of world level interest in the areas of education, economy and health, among others. This requires cross-sectional indicators that allow adequate comparisons. In the health area this is especially relevant to gain knowledge, understanding and responses of health problems that transcend borders. Most health assessment instruments have been developed in Anglo-Saxon cultures and languages, which require a process of Transcultural Adaptation (TA) to be used in Spanish-speaking countries. TA means not only translation; it has steps and requires specific components to ensure the validity and reliability of the instrument when applied to populations with different culture and/or languages. The objective of this article is to review the relevance of cross-cultural adaptation of health instruments, the components and general recommendations of the process as well as some key concepts such as equivalence, the role of the expert committee and the pilot testing of the adapted instrument. It describes the historical development of this process, evidence of its use and current challenges. Finally, the reviewing of the referenced documents is recommended for those who wish to gain more knowledge in the available resources that guide this process.

Los peritos médicos, psiquiatras y psicólogos, y el nuevo Código Procesal Penal Federal. Su participación en el sistema penal acusatorio / Medical experts, psychiatrists and psychologists, and the new Federal Criminal Procedure Code. Their participation in criminal trials in adversarial system

En junio de 2019 comenzó a aplicarse el nuevo Código Procesal Penal Federal, que adopta como sistema de enjuiciamiento el modelo acusatorio. Este modelo implementa la oralidad, la inmediatez, la contradicción y la publicidad como guías de los procesos judiciales. En este sistema el rol de los peritos juega un papel fundamental para el que deben estar preparados. (AU)

In June 2019, the new Federal Criminal Procedure Code began to be used, which adopts the adversarial model as a system of prosecution. This model implements orality, immediacy, contradiction and publicity as guides to judicial processes. In this system the role of the experts plays a fundamental role for which they must be prepared. (AU)

Experts' perspectives on the application of public-private partnership policy in prevention of road traffic injuries / 中华创伤杂志(英文版)

PURPOSE@#Successful application experiences on public-private partnership (PPP) in different countries, suggest that PPP could be an option in road traffic injury (RTI) prevention. The present study aims at investigating the applicability of PPP policy in RTI prevention in Iran based on the experts' perspectives.@*METHODS@#This is a qualitative study with grounded theory approach which has been conducted in Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Iran in 2018. The participants were 22 experts in the field of RTIs selected using purposive sampling method. Data were collected by semi-structured interviews and analyzed with content-analysis method.@*RESULTS@#The results were classified under 5 main themes (applicability, scopes and services, challenges, advantages, and strategies) for applying PPP policy and 37 sub-themes. Due to the prevalence of RTIs, the present challenges in public sector, existence of qualified private sector, and successful experiences in other areas, there are opportunities for private sector partnership in prevention of RTIs. Private sector could participate in different scopes and services regarding RTI prevention, including road construction and maintenance, maintenance and provision of vehicles safety and public education. The main challenges including legislation issues, ambiguities in collaboration, political and organizational unsustainability, government's financial hardship and lack of experienced experts in the field of RTI. However, there are significant advantages including high efficiency in program implementation, covering the weaknesses of public sector, effective and efficient management on application of PPP in RTI prevention. The strategies include identifying and prioritizing the assignable activities, identifying the qualified private sector, developing PPP policies and legal frameworks, creating a common language between public and private parties, trying to meet the expectations of the private sector by public sector, developing a comprehensive and sound contract, and cultivating public culture to accept private sector in the field of RTI prevention.@*CONCLUSION@#This study sought to determine whether PPP could be used as strategy to reduce the burden of RTIs in Iran. But it requires a lot of preliminary studies to provide the context and conditions for applying this policy.

Experts consensus statement on Xinnaoning Capsule in clinical practice of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease / 中草药

This consensus established the atherosclerotic process in the adult cardiovascular disease (atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases, ASCVD) high-risk groups use of Xinnaoning capsule in order to enhance the curative effect of key process, summarized the compatibility theory of traditional Chinese medicine, the pharmaceutical and pharmacological research characteristics of Xinnaoning Capsule, defined the accurate applicable people, the intervention time and curative effect of disease characteristics and optimization solutions of Xinnaoning Capsule, summarized the adverse reactions, taboo, matters needing attention, and non-clinical safety and other relevant evidence of Xinnaoning Capsule. This consensus is suitable for practicing physicians, practicing physicians of traditional Chinese medicine, and practicing physicians of integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine in ASCVD related professional fields.

Expert consensus on ShenqiJiangtang Granule in clinical application of type2 diabetes / 中草药

ShenqiJiangtang Granule is composed of Panax ginseng, Astragali Radix and other valuable Chinese herbal medicines and extract, which has the effect of replenishing qi and nourishing yin, nourishing spleen and kidney, and it is also widely used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes and complications. After more than 20 years of clinical application, abundant research data have been accumulated. In order to accurately locate the clinical position and promote the rational use of drugs, a project was established by the Chinese Society of Traditional Chinese Medicine and experts organized by the Diabetes Branch to compile this consensus. This consensus defines the application of ShenqiJiangtang Granule in the clinical treatment of prediabetes, type 2 diabetes and its complications. It is suitable for clinicians at all levels of hospitals and grass-roots medical and health institutions across the country (traditional Chinese medicine, Western medicine, integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine).

Consensus on diagnosis and treatment of ornithine trans-carbamylase deficiency / 浙江大学学报·医学版

Ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency(OTCD)is a most common ornithine cycle (urea cycle) disorder. It is a X-link inherited disorder caused by

Validación de una metodología diagnóstica para usos de drogas a nivel local / Validation of a diagnostic methodology for drug uses at the local level

Introducción: La creciente diversidad de problemas asociados al consumo de drogas ha vuelto imprescindible el desarrollo de metodologías para el diagnóstico de su expresión local a nivel sanitario y social. Objetivo: Validación de la Guía metodológica para la elaboración de Diagnósticos Locales de problemas asociados al uso de drogas. Métodos: Se realizó una consulta a expertos sobre la metodología considerada, en enero de 2016. Se utilizó el Google Form para la administración del formulario de encuesta con preguntas cerradas y abiertas. Las respuestas cerradas fueron procesadas con los recursos estadísticos del Google Form y las abiertas fueron codificadas para análisis de contenido simple de los discursos mediante el programa Atlas-ti 6.2. Resultados: Se consultó a una muestra de veinte expertos de ocho países y ocho disciplinas diferentes con inscripciones académicas múltiples en países sudamericanos y extraregionales. En virtud de las opiniones mayoritarias y consensuales de los expertos, la guía fue validada y reconocida como un instrumento valioso para el desarrollo de diagnósticos locales. Conclusiones: Se considera que la metodología estudiada constituye en la actualidad la mejor opción para la realización de un diagnóstico local de los problemas sanitarios asociados al uso de drogas en una pequeña localidad(AU)

Introduction: The growing diversity of problems associated with drugs use has become essential to the development of methodologies for the diagnosis of their local expression at the health and social levels. Objective: To validate the Methodological Guide for the elaboration of local diagnoses of problems associated to drugs use. Methods: It was conducted a consultation to experts on the considered methodology in January, 2016. It was used Google Form for the management of a survey form with closed and open questions. The closed answers were processed with the statistical resources of Google Form and the open were coded for analysis of simple content of the speeches by the Atlas-ti 6.2. program. Results: It was consulted a sample of 20 experts from eight countries and eight different academic disciplines with inscriptions in South American and out of the region countries. Under the majority and consensual opinions of the experts, the guide was validated and recognized as a valuable instrument for the development of local assessments. Conclusions: It is considered that the methodology studied currently represents the best option for the implementation of a local diagnosis of health problems associated with the use of drugs in a small town(AU)

Percepciones de expertos sobre características y habilidades que deben considerarse en la revisión de manuscritos / Experts perceptions on characteristics and skills that must be taken into account in the review of manuscripts

Introducción: El experto es figura clave en la evaluación de manuscritos científicos. Objetivo: Valorar las percepciones de expertos de revistas biomédicas cubanas en relación con características y habilidades que deben considerarse en la revisión de manuscritos. Métodos: Investigación descriptiva (septiembre 2013-diciembre 2014) realizada como parte del proyecto de culminación del curso para editores impartido por la Editorial Ciencias Médicas. El grupo analizado estuvo constituido por 57 árbitros. Para su selección se tuvo en cuenta el criterio del director de la revista. La recogida de información se realizó a través de un cuestionario que exploró variables sociodemográficas y relacionadas con el proceso de evaluación. Los datos se ingresaron en una base de datos creada al efecto con el programa SPSS versión 15.0 en español. Resultados: Las características identificadas con mayor porcentaje de respuestas e importancia indispensable fueron: actitud ética y responsable: 45 árbitros (82 por ciento) y actualizado en el tema a evaluar 42 expertos (76 por ciento). Las habilidades, con iguales condiciones fueron, detectar errores graves de forma y contenido: 42 expertos (76 por ciento) y ser éticos en sus críticas 38 expertos (69 por ciento). Otras particularidades profesionales, como ser objetivos en el dictamen y detectar errores metodológicos que afectan la calidad del texto, respectivamente, alcanzaron porcentajes menores. Conclusiones: Los expertos reconocen aspectos fundamentales para la evaluación de los manuscritos, lo que podría influir en el resultado positivo de su labor siempre que lo asuman y apliquen en su práctica, con énfasis en aquellas características profesionales que tuvieron menores porcentajes de reconocimiento(AU)

Introduction: Experts are a key factor in the assessment of scientific manuscripts. Objective: To assess the perception of Cuban biomedical journal's experts in relation with the characteristics and skills that must be taken into account in the review of manuscripts. Methods: Descriptive research (September 2013-December 2014) carried out as part of the final project in the Course for Editors given by the Medical Sciences Publishing House (Editorial de Ciencias Médicas). The assessed group was formed by 57 referees. It was taken into account the opinion of the journal´s directors for their selection. Data collection was carried out by a questionnaire that explored socio-demographic variables related with the assessment process. Data were submitted in a database created with SPSS program, version 15.0 in Spanish. Results: The characteristics identified with a higher percentage of answers and essential importance were: ethical and responsible attitude: 45 referees (82 percent); and there were updated in the assessed topic 42 experts (76 percent). The skills with the same conditions were: to detect serious mistakes of form and content: 42 experts (76 percent) and to be ethical in their critics: 38 experts (69 percent). Other professional particularities as being objective in the report and to detect methodological mistakes that affect the quality of the text had lower percentages. Conclusions: Experts can recognize essential aspects for the assessment of manuscripts, which can influence in the positive result of their work as far as they assume it and use it practically emphasizing in those professional characteristics that had lower percentages of acknowledgement(AU)

Preparation instructions for Experts consensus statement on Cheezheng Xiaotong Tiegao in clinical practice / 中国中药杂志

As a topical plaster developed by modern pharmaceutical technology based on traditional Tibetan medicine,Cheezheng Xiaotong Tiegao has functions of promoting blood circulation,relieving swelling and relieving pain. Since its introduction in 1993,it has been widely used in the treatment of various types of acute and chronic musculoskeletal pain and various types of spinal,joint and soft tissue diseases. In order to better standardize the clinical application and improve the clinical efficacy of Cheezheng Xiaotong Tiegao,the research and development work of the Experts consensus statement on Cheezheng Xiaotong Tiegao in clinical practice was officially launched on October 19,2017,upon approval from China Association of Chinese Medicine. In this paper,main R&D process and related technical links for the experts consensus on Cheezheng Xiaotong Tiegao would be summarized,which will help the various medical workers understand,master and apply more accurately,and also provide reference for the development of experts consensus on clinical application of other topical Chinese medicines.

Comparison of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Practice in Adults According to a Training Background in Child Psychiatry

OBJECTIVES: Awareness of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adults has significantly increased; however, clinical data specific to the Korean population are insufficient. Clinical experience of ADHD may differ based on whether psychiatrists have received pediatric psychiatry-specific training. In order to prepare a practice parameter for adult ADHD patients in Korea, we examined questionnaire data to observe how pediatric psychiatry training could affect clinical practice for adults with ADHD. METHODS: A questionnaire about the diagnosis and treatment process was distributed to both general psychiatrists (GPsy) and child and adolescent psychiatrists (CAP) at the summer and winter workshop meetings of Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. RESULTS: In total, 142 psychiatrists participated in the survey (86 GPsy, 56 CAP). GPsy and CAP preferred pharmacotherapy (GPsy 82.40%, CAP 64.30%) as the primary treatment option and answered that the clinical psychiatric interview is the most necessary step in diagnostic assessment (GPsy 22.16%, CAP 19.00%). The GPsy responded with an optimal and average treatment duration that was shorter than that reported by CAP. CONCLUSION: Identification of the initial presenting symptom as the correct diagnosis and the optimal duration of pharmacotherapy differed between GPsy and CAP in practice, whereas concepts in diagnosis and treatment of ADHD in adults were similar for both groups. These results suggest the urgent need for the Continuing Medical Education program for psychiatrists treating adults with ADHD.

Experts consensus statement on Cheezheng Xiaotong Tiegao in clinical practice / 中国中药杂志

Cheezheng Xiaotong Tiegao is a Tibetan traditional prescription,which has the functions of promoting blood circulation,relieving swelling and relieving pain. It has been widely used in various clinical departments such as orthopedics department,rheumatology department,pain management department,and rehabilitation department to treat all types of acute and chronic skeletal muscle pain. However,duet to the lack of detailed description of the specific use of various diseases in its manual,and in the published guidelines,monographs,and clinical reports,the introduction of the dominant clinical disease,usage,treatment,safety,etc. of Cheezheng Xiaotong Tiegao is not detailed. Therefore,this experts consensus statement has been prepared based on the research and analysis of clinicians and patients,evidence-based medical research and evaluation,combined with the experience of clinical experts. The experts consensus statement regulates usage,dosage,combination,safety,etc. in the treatment of acute and chronic contusion( soft tissue injury),osteoarthritis,low back pain,frozen shoulder,cervical spondylosis postoperative recovery pain and other pain relief and other skeletal muscle system diseases to provide evidence and reference for the rational and safety using of Cheezheng Xiaotong Tiegao.