Life Threatening Retroperitoneal Haemorrhage in COVID-19 Patient -Surgical Treatment: A Case Report

@#Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus that emerged in late 2019. The COVID-19 pandemic has affected millions of people worldwide, causing severe respiratory distress, multi-organ failure, and death. Nevertheless, there are records of unusual presentations of COVID-19, which includes hemorrhagic complications. Retroperitoneal hemorrhage (RPH) is a rare but life-threatening complication that can occur in COVID-19 patients. In this paper, we present a case of a life-threatening spontaneous retroperitoneal haemorrhage who has successfully undergone an exploratory laparotomy and made a full recovery. We would like to highlight the importance of close monitoring and prompt recognition in patients with increased risk of bleeding.

Leiomioma uterino gigante en adolescente mexicana de 14 años, un caso raro de sangrado uterino anormal. Reporte de caso / Giant uterine leiomyoma in a 14-year-old Mexican adolescent, a rare case of abnormal uterine bleeding. Case Report

Resumen ANTECEDENTES: Los leiomiomas son neoplasias benignas comunes durante la edad reproductiva. Su aparición en adolescentes es excepcional y un reto diagnóstico en menores de 18 años de edad. El caso aquí reportado se integra a los 26 casos asentados en la bibliografía y se trata del tumor más grande en la paciente más joven hasta ahora comunicado. CASO CLÍNICO: Paciente de 14 años, con inicio de sangrado uterino anormal, aumento del perímetro abdominal y tres semanas con hipermenorrea. El reporte inicial de la química sanguínea informó: anemia severa y el ultrasonido pélvico: un gran tumor anexial sólido. Luego de mejorar las condiciones hemodinámicas de la paciente por medio de transfusiones de concentrados eritrocitarios se practicó una laparotomía exploradora y se extirpó un leiomioma gigante, dependiente del útero. El informe histopatológico fue de: leiomioma de 16 cm de diámetro, con degeneración roja. La paciente cursó sin complicaciones posquirúrgicas y hasta la actualidad no ha experimentado datos de recurrencia ni sangrado uterino anormal. CONCLUSIÓN: La fisiopatología de la miomatosis uterina sigue aún sin comprenderse del todo. El tratamiento quirúrgico a una edad temprana debe tomar en consideración el deseo de embarazo y llevar a cabo un seguimiento estrecho para valorar: la fertilidad, recurrencia, atipia celular y trastornos menstruales.

Abstract BACKGROUND: Leiomyomas are common benign neoplasms during reproductive age. Its appearance in adolescents is exceptional and a diagnostic challenge in children under 18 years of age. The case reported here is one of the 26 cases reported in the bibliography and it is the largest tumor reported in the youngest patient to date. CLINICAL CASE: A 14-year-old patient with onset of abnormal uterine bleeding, increased abdominal circumference and three weeks with hypermenorrhea. Initial blood chemistry report: severe anemia and pelvic ultrasound: a large solid adnexal tumor. After improving the patient's hemodynamic conditions through transfusions of erythrocyte concentrates, an exploratory laparotomy was performed and a giant leiomyoma, dependent on the uterus, was removed. The histopathological report was: leiomyoma of 16 cm in diameter, with red degeneration. The patient had no postoperative complications and to date she has not experienced recurrence or abnormal uterine bleeding. CONCLUSION: The pathophysiology of uterine fibroids remains poorly understood. Surgical treatment at an early age should take into account the desire for pregnancy and carry out a close follow-up to assess: fertility, recurrence, cellular atypia and menstrual disorders.

Vólvulo ileal secundario a síndrome adherencial posquirúrgico. Presentación de un caso

Se presentó el caso de una paciente de 71 años que tuvo durante tres meses previo a su ingreso dolor abdominal tipo cólico difuso a predominio de hemiabdomen inferior, acompañado de distensión abdominal intermitente, vómitos en cantidad y frecuencia no precisada de contenido alimentario. Al examen físico se apreció paciente en regulares condiciones, facies álgica, afebril, deshidratada. En la evaluación abdominal se evidenció abdomen distendido, con ruidos hidroaéreos disminuidos en intensidad, tono y frecuencia. Se decidió ingresar para manejo clínico y realización de estudios de apoyo diagnóstico. Se diagnosticó un síndrome adherencial, conjunto de signos y síntomas provocados por la formación de adherencias intraabdominales. Frente a un paciente con abdomen agudo obstructivo con antecedente de intervención quirúrgica previa, debe sospecharse en una complicación secundaria a síndrome adherencial, teniendo al vólvulo de íleon como una de sus expresiones clínicas.

The case of a 71-year-old patient was presented who had diffuse colicky abdominal pain predominantly in the lower abdomen for three months prior to admission, accompanied by intermittent abdominal distention, vomiting in an unspecified amount and frequency of food content. During the physical examination, the patient was found to be in fair condition, with pain, fever, and dehydration. The abdominal evaluation revealed a distended abdomen, with fluid sounds decreased in intensity, tone and frequency. It was decided to enter for clinical management and diagnostic support studies. An adhesion syndrome was diagnosed, a set of signs and symptoms caused by the formation of intra-abdominal adhesions. In a patient with acute obstructive abdomen with a history of previous surgical intervention, a complication secondary to adhesion syndrome should be suspected, with ileal volvulus as one of its clinical expressions.

Foi apresentado o caso de um paciente de 71 anos que apresentava cólica abdominal difusa predominantemente no baixo ventre há três meses antes da internação, acompanhada de distensão abdominal intermitente, vômitos em quantidade e frequência de conteúdo alimentar não especificadas. Durante o exame físico, o paciente apresentou-se em bom estado, com dor, febre e desidratação. A avaliação abdominal revelou abdômen distendido, com sons fluidos diminuídos de intensidade, tônus e frequência. Decidiu-se ingressar em estudos de manejo clínico e apoio diagnóstico. Foi diagnosticada uma síndrome de aderências, conjunto de sinais e sintomas causados pela formação de aderências intra-abdominais. Em paciente com abdome obstrutivo agudo e história de intervenção cirúrgica prévia, deve-se suspeitar de complicação secundária à síndrome de aderências, tendo o volvo ileal como uma de suas expressões clínicas.

Presencia de infección de sitio quirúrgico en procedimientos gineco-obstétricos en un hospital de II nivel de atención, Honduras 2017-2018 / Presence of surgical site infection in obstetric-gynecological procedures in a level II care hospital, Honduras 2017-2018

OBJETIVO: Identificar la presencia de infección de sitio quirúrgico y factores de riesgo en pacientes sometidas a cirugías Gineco-Obstétricas de forma programada o de urgencia en un hospital de II nivel de atención en Honduras. METODOLOGÍA: Estudio observacional, descriptivo, retrospectivo; recopilando 226 fichas del registro de infección de sitio quirúrgico recuperadas de los expedientes clínicos brindados por el servicio de estadística del Hospital Mario Catarino Rivas. Captando pacientes sometidas a cirugías Gineco-Obstétricas, durante el 2017 y 2018. RESULTADOS: 99 fichas cumplieron los criterios de inclusión, reportando una edad de 24 años [RIQ, 19,0 - 30,0], peso 82,0 kg [RIQ, 51,7 - 98,25], talla 154 cm [150,0 - 158,0] y el IMC de 25,8 ± 3,6 kg/m2. Un 9,1% presento antecedentes de inmunosupresión. 5,1% presento ISQ. El 55.6% de las cirugías se realizó el mismo día de ingreso del paciente. El tiempo entre la profilaxis antibiótica y el comienzo de la intervención quirúrgica es de 60 minutos [RIQ, 40,0 - 160,0]. La duración de los procedimientos quirúrgicos son de 45 minutos [RIQ, 35,0 - 55,0]. Los microrganismos aislados en los cultivos fueron Cocos gram positivos (2/5), Enterococcus faecalis (1/5), Klebsiella pneumoniae (2/5). CONCLUSIÓN: La presencia de ISQ en cirugías Gineco-Obstétricas del HMCR es del 5.1%, identificando los siguientes factores de riesgo: edad extrema, obesidad, diabetes mellitus, estado inmunitario (VIH), profilaxis antibiótica (temprana); por último, la técnica y el tiempo quirúrgico.

OBJECTIVE: To identify the presence of surgical site infection and risk factors in patients undergoing Gynecological-Obstetric surgeries on a scheduled or emergency basis in a 2nd level of care hospital in Honduras. METHODOLOGY: Observational, descriptive, retrospective study, compiling 226 data sheets of the surgical site infection record recovered from the clinical records provided by the statistics service of the "Hospital Mario Catarino Rivas". Recruiting patients undergoing Gynecological-Obstetric surgeries, during 2017 and 2018. RESULTS: 99 tabs met the inclusion criteria, reporting an age of 24 [RIQ, 19.0 - 30.0], weight 82.0 kg [RIQ, 51.7 - 98.25], size 154 cm [150.0 - 158.0] and BMI of 25.8 ± 3.6 kg/m2. 9.1% have a history of immunosuppression. 5.1% present ISQ. 55.6% of surgeries were performed on the same day as the patient's admission. The time between antibiotic prophylaxis and the onset of surgery 60 minutes [RIQ, 40.0 - 160.0]. Duration of surgical procedures 45 minutes [RIQ, 35.0 - 55.0]. Isolated micro-morphisms in crops were Cocos gram positives (2/5), Enterococcus faecalis (1/5), Klebsiella pneumoniae (2/5). CONCLUSION: The presence of ISQ in HMCR Gynecological-Obstetric surgeries is 5.1%, identifying the following risk factors: extreme age, obesity, diabetes mellitus, immune status (HIV), early antibiotic prophylaxis; finally, technique and surgical time.

Carcinosarcoma de ovario en paciente perimenopáusica / Ovarian carcinosarcoma in a perimenopausal woman

Resumen ANTECEDENTES: El carcinosarcoma de ovario, o tumor mixto de Müller, es una neoplasia infrecuente que representa alrededor del 1 al 4% de los carcinomas ováricos epiteliales. Su histología combina componentes sarcomatosos y carcinomatosos. CASO CLÍNICO: Paciente de 55 años, con diagnóstico de carcinosarcoma de ovario. Acudió a consulta debido a un sangrado uterino irregular y dolor abdominal. En la ecografía transvaginal se encontró una formación anexial sólida y heterogénea de 11.95 x 10.6 cm, con captación Doppler. El estudio se amplió con una tomografía axial computada (TAC) abdominopélvica y de tórax en la que se observó una tumoración en el lado izquierdo de 18 x 13 cm. Los marcadores tumorales se reportaron elevados: CEA 10.60, CA 125 91.3 y CA19.9 153 U/mL, con proteína HE-4 86.8 pmol/L, ligeramente disminuida. La laparotomía exploradora se completó con una cirugía para eliminar toda la carga tumoral. Se indicó quimioterapia con paclitaxel-carboplatino. El estudio histológico definitivo informó la existencia de una tumoración sólida-quística, compatible con un carcinosarcoma en el ovario izquierdo, con amplia diseminación peritoneal. A los 3 meses de la intervención, la paciente continuaba sin signos de recidiva. CONCLUSIONES: El carcinosarcoma es un tumor ginecológico poco frecuente pero muy agresivo; por su excepcional hallazgo aún no se dispone de criterios de tratamiento. Es decisivo fomentar investigaciones futuras acerca de los factores pronósticos y biomarcadores y desarrollar tratamientos dirigidos a las características moleculares de cada paciente.

Abstract BACKGROUND: Ovarian carcinosarcoma, or mixed Müllerian tumor, is a rare neoplasm that represents about 1 to 4% of epithelial ovarian carcinomas. Its histology combines sarcomatous and carcinomatous components. CLINICAL CASE: 55-year-old female patient with a diagnosis of ovarian carcinosarcoma. She consulted due to irregular uterine bleeding and abdominal pain. Transvaginal ultrasound showed a solid and heterogeneous adnexal formation measuring 11.95 x 10.6 cm, with Doppler uptake. The study was expanded with an abdominopelvic and chest computed axial tomography (CT) scan in which a tumor was observed on the left side measuring 18 x 13 cm. Tumor markers were reported elevated: CEA 10.60, CA 125 91.3 and CA19.9 153 U/mL, with HE-4 protein 86.8 pmol/L, slightly decreased. Exploratory laparotomy was completed with R0 surgery. Chemotherapy with paclitaxel-carboplatin was indicated. The definitive histological study reported the existence of a solid-cystic tumor, compatible with a carcinosarcoma in the left ovary, with extensive peritoneal dissemination. Three months after surgery, the patient continued without signs of recurrence. CONCLUSIONS: Carcinosarcoma is a rare but very aggressive gynecologic tumor; because of its exceptional finding no treatment criteria are yet available. It is crucial to encourage future research on prognostic factors and biomarkers and to develop treatments targeted to the molecular characteristics of each patient.

Exploratory laparotomy in chronic non-specific pain abdomen in lieu of therapeutic and diagnostic aspect: a prospective non randomized trial on 40 patients

Background: A significant number of patients attending surgical or medical out doors and clinics of prominent doctors, we find them having thick record files visiting from one doctor to another. Majority of such patients diagnosis remain “chronic pain abdomen” in spite of all possible investigations and all sort of recent and ancient medicines. Aim of this study is to analyze the diagnosis and therapeutic value of exploratory laparotomy.Methods: A prospective non randomized study was done on 40 patients who follows our strict criteria and in spite of all relevant investigations’ diagnosis remain chronic nonspecific pain abdomen (CNSPA). Exploratory laparotomy was done and findings were recorded and analyzed to see its diagnostic and therapeutic value.Results: Patients of appendicular (maximum 27.5%) and tubercular disease present within one year of first appearance of pain whereas those having bands and adhesions after two years. Overall exploratory laparotomy was diagnostic and therapeutic in 80% patients.Conclusions: In selected patients of CNSPA exploratory laparotomy is therapeutic in 87.5% and diagnostic in 92.5% patients.

Ileal duplication cyst: a rare cause of intestinal obstruction in infants

Ileal duplication cyst (IDC) is a rare congenital anomaly where there is an abnormal portion of intestine attached to or intrinsic with the normal bowel. A 6-month-old male child presented with obstipation and bilious vomiting at emergency. X-ray abdomen showed multiple air fluid level suggestive of intestinal obstruction. Laparotomy was performed. Diagnosis of IDC was made and resection with primary anastomosis was done. Post-operative period was uneventful, and patient did well during 3 month follow-up checkup. IDC is a rare cause of intestinal obstruction which can present with different clinical symptoms posing a diagnostic dilemma. Diagnostic laparotomy is a suitable approach for both diagnosis and treatment to avoid delays in treatment where imaging method is unavailable for exact diagnosis.

Management of traumatic and non traumatic hollow visceral perforation in North India

Background:Hollow visceral perforation is the commonest perforation among all the hollow viscera in the body. The perforation can be traumatic or non-traumatic and it constitute commonest surgical emergency worldwide. The diagnosis of perforation can be made clinically but for confirmation basic radiological investigations and sometimes special investigation are required. Methods:This is a prospective observational study conducted in our institute in the Department of General Surgery. The patients who are included in this study were more than 15 years of age in both sexes having hollow visceral perforation presenting in accident and emergency department.Results:Out of 624 patients, 530 (84.93%) were males while only 94 (15.06%) were females, with a male: female ratio of 5.63:1. The site of perforation are ileum 37.01% duodenum, 28.36% maximum sites of hollow viscous perforation. Acid peptic disease was the cause of perforation in 27.40% of 171 cases. Enteric fever accounted maximally for 29% of 181 cases and all in the ileum. Acute appendicitis resulted in perforation of the appendix in 64 cases (10.25%) while blunt trauma abdomen causes perforation in 12.66% of 79 cases. Perforation due to stab injury accounted for 5.12% and fire arm injury perforation seen in 19 patients (3.04%).Conclusions:Early diagnosis of perforation, resuscitation with crystalloids with broad spectrum antibiotic coverage and urgent surgical intervention whenever patient is fit for anaesthesia are the important factors which decides the ultimate fate of the patient in case of hollow visceral perforation peritonitis.

Hemorragia obstétrica y rotura uterina por un embarazo intersticial. Reporte de un caso / Obstetric hemorrhage and uterine rupture due to an interstitial pregnancy. Report of a case

Resumen: ANTECEDENTES: El embarazo ectópico intersticial ocurre en 2.4% de los casos, quizá debido a la rotura uterina, con lo que se incrementa la morbilidad y mortalidad por hemorragia obstétrica. Los factores de riesgo son los mismos que para el embarazo ectópico tubárico. El tratamiento se establece en función del escenario clínico y deseo genésico de la paciente. CASO CLÍNICO: Paciente de 31 años, que ingresó al servicio de Urgencias por dolor abdominal severo e incapacitante en el hipogastrio, con índice de choque de 1.3 y signos de irritación peritoneal. La ecografía reportó líquido libre en el hueco pélvico y el espacio de Morrison; el saco gestacional extrauterino se encontraba en el anexo izquierdo, el feto sin latido cardiaco, con longitud craneocaudal de 11 semanas de gestación. La laparotomía exploradora evidenció: hemoperitoneo de 2800 cc, rotura uterina en el cuerno derecho, de aproximadamente 8 x 6 cm, visualización del feto e integridad de la bolsa amniótica. Puesto que la paciente manifestó no desear más embarazos se decidió efectuar la histerectomía total abdominal. CONCLUSIONES: El embarazo ectópico intersticial comparte los mismos factores de riesgo que el embarazo tubárico. Hoy día se dispone de diversos métodos de diagnóstico; sin embargo, la detección oportuna permite implementar el tratamiento conservador a seguir y, así, disminuir la morbilidad y mortalidad materna.

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Interstitial ectopic pregnancy occurs in approximately 2.4% of all cases, this tubal portion is located in the proximal segment and shares the muscular portion of the uterus, due to its great myometrial compliance, it facilitates late diagnosis and its clinical presentation is By means of uterine rupture and with it an increase in morbidity and mortality due to obstetric hemorrhage, the risk factors are the same as for tubal ectopic pregnancy, treatment is assessed based on preserving fertility and according to the patient's clinical setting. CLINICAL CASE: A 31-year-old patient who went to the emergency department for severe and disabling abdominal pain in the hypogastrium, shock index 1.3, with signs of peritoneal irritation, ultrasound was performed, which reported free fluid in the pelvic cavity and Morrison space, extrauterine gestational sac at the level of the left annex, embryo without heartbeat, craniocaudal length of 11 weeks of gestation, exploratory laparotomy was performed, in which hemoperitoneum of 2800 cc was observed, uterine rupture in the right cornual region of approximately 8x6cm, with fetus e integrity of the amniotic sac adjacent to the uterine rupture, the patient reported satisfied parity, and therefore a total abdominal hysterectomy was decided. CONCLUSIONS: Interstitial ectopic pregnancy shares the same risk factors as tubal pregnancy. Today, we have various diagnostic aids, so the cornerstone is timely detection, which will allow conservative treatments to decrease maternal morbidity and mortality.

A rare form of domestic accident: blast abdominal injury with evisceration of abdominal viscus

Evisceration of abdominal viscus following 'Flowerpot firecracker' (tubri) blast injury to the abdomen is a rare but dangerous form of domestic accident. Lack of knowledge and non-compliance of safety measures is the major reason for firecracker eventualities. A 10-year male child presented three hours post-injury with a wound over the upper abdomen. On examination there was evisceration of part of stomach along with colon through supraumbilical abdominal wound. Resuscitation and repair following exploratory laparotomy performed. Patient recovered well postoperatively. Public awareness and safety measures need to be taken to prevent the fatal outcomes of firecracker misuse.

Gestação heterotópica associada a torção de anexo contralateral em gestação não planejada / Heterotopic management associated with the torment of contralateral apparatus in unplugged management

A gestação heterotópica se define como uma gravidez intra e uma extraútero, nesse caso, a gravidez que se encontra extraútero, em tuba uterina. Foi descoberta após a paciente apresentar dor abdominal, ainda não relatando atraso menstrual e sem a paciente apresentar desejo de engravidar. O diagnóstico foi feito por meio do exame de ultrassonografia com a visualização de massa anexial íntegra à esquerda. A torção de ovário, que é definida pela rotação parcial ou total do pedículo vascular ovariano, causando estase circulatória que pode causar progressivamente edema e gangrena e progredir para necrose, causando danos irreversíveis aos ovários, também foi descoberta por meio do exame de ultrassom e dos sintomas da paciente. A clínica apresentou-se por abdome agudo. No intraoperatório, foi feito o diagnóstico de gestação heterotópica e também apresentou torção de ovário contralateral, caso esse sobre o qual, em conjunto, não há relatos na literatura.(AU)

Heterotopic gestation is defined as an intrauterine pregnancy and an extrauterine pregnancy, in this case the extrauterine pregnancy in the uterine tube. It was discovered after the patient presented abdominal pain, still not reporting menstrual delay and without the patient presenting desire to become pregnant. The diagnosis was made through the ultrasound examination with the visualization of complete adnexal mass on the left. Ovarian torsion, which is defined by partial or total rotation of the ovarian vascular pedicle, causing a circulatory stasis that can progressively cause edema, gangrene and progress to necrosis, causing irreversible damage to the ovaries, was also discovered by ultrasound examination and of the patient's symptoms. The clinic presented with an acute abdomen. n the intraoperative period, the diagnosis of heterotopic gestation was made and also presented contralateral ovary torsion, in which case, there are no reports in the literature.(AU)

Pattern and Etiology of Patients with Gastrointestinal Perforations: An Observational Prospective Study

Introduction: Perforation peritonitis is the most commonsurgical emergency encountered all over the world. Theobjective of the study was to highlight the spectrum ofperforation peritonitis as encountered in a tertiary care centrein haryana.Material and methods: It was observational prospectivestudy of 100 cases of perforation peritonitis treated in thedepartment of surgery. The maximum number of patients inthe present study were in age group of 21-30 years (26%) witha mean age was 31 years. Male female ratio was 8.09:1.Results: The most common etiology of perforation peritonitiswas peptic ulcer disease (41%) followed by enteric fever (15%)and tuberculosis (13%)The most common site of perforationin this series was gastroduodenal (43%) followed by terminalileum (30%). Mortality rate was 5% and significantly high inpatients coming to the hospital after 24 hours.Conclusion: Early recognition of symptoms and referral isvery important in reducing mortality and morbidity

Eliminação de Dioctophyme renale pela urina em canino com dioctofimatose em rim esquerdo e cavidade abdominal - Primeiro relato no Rio Grande do Sul / Elimination of Dioctophyme renale to urine in canines with dioctophymosis in the left kidney and abdominal cavity - First report in Rio Grande do Sul

Dioctophyme renale é um parasito que afeta tanto animais como humanos e tem como órgão de eleição o rim direito. Relata-se o caso clínico-cirúrgico de um paciente canino com histórico de eliminação de três exemplares de D. renale pela urina e presença de parasitos no rim esquerdo e na cavidade abdominal. No Hospital de Clínicas Veterinárias da Universidade Federal de Pelotas, foram realizados exames pré-cirúrgicos, entre eles a ultrassonografia abdominal, que identificou a localização dos nematódeos, e o exame de Doppler pulsado dos vasos intrarrenais, que demonstrou aumento nos índices resistivos nas regiões avaliadas. O paciente foi conduzido para a realização de laparotomia exploratória, sendo removidos 23 parasitos da cavidade abdominal. A presença de D. renale causa graves lesões nos rins e nos demais órgãos da cavidade abdominal, sendo essencial o diagnóstico precoce e a remoção dos nematódeos para recuperação do paciente.(AU)

Dioctophyme renale is a parasite that attacks animals as well as humans and has the right kidney as a preferred target organ. This document reports the case of a clinical-chirurgical canine patient with a history of elimination of three D. renale samples through its urine and presence of parasites at its left kidney and abdominal cavity. Pre-cirurgical exams were performed at the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal University of Pelotas. Among these exams, abdominal ultrasonography identified the nematode's location and the Pulse-Doppler of the intrarenal vessels showed an increase in the resistive indices of the evaluated areas. An Exploratory Laparotomy was conducted with the patient who had 23 parasites removed from its abdominal cavity. The presence of D. renale causes severe lesions at kidneys and other organs of the abdominal cavity, for this reason early diagnosis and nematode´s removal are essential for the patient's recovery.(AU)

Obstrucción intestinal por Ascaris lumbricoides en un adulto mayor / Intestinal obstruction due to Ascaris lumbricoides infection in a geriatric patient

Ascaris lumbricoides is considered the largest intestinal nematode with a higher incidence in the childhood, representing a truly medical and public health problem, principally in undeveloped countries. We present the case of an 83 year old man, born and coming from the amazon region, without any relevant previous history of disease, admitted in the emergency department of our hospital for presenting intestinal obstruction and also presumptive biliary obstruction due to multiple balls of parasites, requiring immediate surgical intervention. We emphasize the need of consider this etiologic possibility in the differential diagnosis, that in this particular case, wasn't suspected in the first place.

Ascaris lumbricoides es considerado el nemátodo intestinal de mayor tamaño. Se presenta con mayor frecuencia en la infancia, representando un verdadero problema médico y de salud pública, especialmente en países en vías de desarrollo. Presentamos el caso de un varón de 83 años, natural y procedente de la región amazónica del Perú, sin antecedentes médicos de relevancia, que ingresa a Servicio de urgencias de nuestro hospital por un cuadro de obstrucción intestinal y presunta obstrucción biliar, requiriendo una intervención quirúrgica inmediata. El diagnóstico final de obstrucción intestinal por la presencia de múltiples ovillos de Ascaris lumbricoides, no fue considerado dentro de los diagnósticos diferenciales previo al acto quirúrgico.

Sclerosing mesenteritis - rare cause of abdominal pain and intra-abdominal mass: a case report.

Sclerosing mesenteritis is a rare, benign, and chronic fibrosing inflammatory disease with unknown etiology that affects the mesentery of small bowel and colon. The disease has two well-established histological types: the acute or subacute form known as mesenteric panniculitis and the chronic form known as retractile or sclerosing mesenteritis. Because sclerosing mesenteritis lacks special clinical manifestations and typical signs, the patients are very easily misdiagnosed. The correct diagnosis of sclerosing mesenteritis depends on pathological examination after laparotomy. We report a case of sclerosing mesenteritis in a 55-year-old male who presented with chronic abdominal pain and intra-abdominal mass. He was misdiagnosed as lymphoma by Computed Tomography and then underwent exploratory laparotomy. Histopathological examination revealed it to be sclerosing mesenteritis. This patient went well and lives without recrudescence till date.

Study of pre-operative and post-operative variables for incisional hernia repair by open and laparoscopic technique.

Background: Incisional hernia is protrusion of part or whole of abdominal viscus through the weakness in layers of anterior wall in the scar of previous operation. The major predisposing factors being post operative wound infection or hematoma. This incidence increases in the presence of adverse factors (local and systemic) such as wound infection, obesity, hypoproteinemia. In all suture repair techniques the tissues are under tension and this increase the risk of ischemia, suture cut out and repair failure. The studies showed that the complication seen in open incisional hernia repair is seroma, hematoma, wound infection, stitch sinus, and recurrence. To overcome this complications and recurrent rates of open incisional hernia repair the Laparoscopic repair of incisional hernia was introduced in the 1990s, which reports (Olmi study) have showed more improvement in recovery time, hospital stay and complication rate. Objective: The purpose of this study was a prospective study which had been carried out, during the period of July 2010 to September 2012 at a tertiary care centre. A total number of 50 cases were studied and were followed up for a period of 6 months. All patients were operated on by the same surgical team, adapting the type of surgical technique depending on the type of hernia. In the selection process of the technique patients were ranndomly allowed to opt for any of the two modalities after analyzing the biological status of the patient but also the associated his/her comorbidities. Patient selection criteria were as below. Inclusion criteria: Wall defect: >3 cm to <8 cm, Post-surgical and gynecological procedure, BMI < 30 kg/m2, Patient willing for surgery. Exclusion criteria: Complicated hernia, BMI >30 kg/m2, Conversion of laparoscopic repair to open repair. Results: Incidence of incisional hernia was maximum in the age group of 31-50 years (66%) with female preponderance (74%). 25 patients had risk factors like chronic cough (5), hypertension (13), diabetes mellitus (5) and difficulty in micturition (2). 27 had previous emergency surgery while 23 had undergone planned surgery. 60% of patients had undergone gynecological procedures, among complications in previous surgical procedure. Mean operative time for laparoscopic incisional hernia repair was 2 hour 45 minutes and for open hernia it was 2 hour 05 minutes. 46% of patients had duration of return to work (6-10 days) in laparoscopic surgery, 40% of patients had duration of return to work (11-15 days) in open surgery (mean 16 ),4% in laparoscopic surgery (mean 10.24days), 10% of patients had duration of Return to work (16-20 days) in open surgery. Conclusion: An optimal technique for mesh placement has not yet been determined and is still a subject of debate among surgeons. Laparoscopic techniques seem to have many benefits, including decreased length of hospital stay, decreased postoperative pain, and reduce the time to return to work and normal activities, but require long learning curve and are still not very accessible to all surgeons, especially in our country.

Omental Torsion: A Review of Literature and Case Report.

Eitel first described omental torsion in 1899. Omental torsion is rarely diagnosed preoperatively, knowledge of this pathology is important to the surgeon as it mimics common acute surgical abdomen. For this reason in the absence of diagnosed preexisting abdominal pathology including cyst, tumors, foci of intra-abdominal inflammation, postsurgical wounds or scarring and hernia sacs, omental torsion can present a surprise. Exploratory laparotomy represents the diagnostic and definitive therapeutic procedure, presently laparoscopy is the first choice procedure.

Obstrucción estrangulante del intestino grueso en equinos: evaluación clínica y tratamiento quirúrgico en dos casos / Strangulation obstructions of large intestine in horses: clinical evaluation and surgical treatment in two cases

La obstrucción estrangulante es la combinación de obstrucción simple del tracto gastrointestinal del equino acompañado de bloqueo del abastecimiento circulatorio, lo cual causa severa enfermedad intestinal. Esta afección es comúnmente conocida como Síndrome Abdominal Agudo o Cólico. La incidencia de esta afección es considerada baja con una mortalidad alta dependiendo del segmento anatómico involucrado y del tiempo con que se intervenga quirúrgicamente el paciente. En el presente trabajo se reportan los hallazgos clínicos e histopatológicos, el tratamiento quirúrgico, la evolución clínica y el manejo medico post-quirúrgico de dos casos de obstrucciones estrangulantes del colon mayor en equinos referidos a la Clínica Veterinaria Dr. “Luis Medina”. La historia, sintomatología clínica y pruebas de laboratorio orientaron el diagnóstico, el cual fue confirmado a través de laparotomía exploratoria, la resolución de cada caso fue acompañada con un estudio histológico del segmento intestinal afectado. La resolución en el caso número uno fue por enterotomía de vaciado, mientras que el caso dos fue tratado con reseción del colon mayor con entero anastomosis latero-lateral. Ambos casos sobrevivieron, observándose mejor progreso clínico post-quirúrgico en el caso número dos.

Strangulation obstructions are external vascular constriction with simultaneous blockage of intestinal lumen. It has also been referred cause severe intestinal disease in the horses and commonly related colic. The incidence of this lesion is low with high fatality influenced by anatomic segment involved and rapid surgical intervention at the horse. This paper report the history, clinical signs, histopathologic findings, surgical ma- nagement, clinical progress and post-surgical treatment in two case of strangulation of the large colon in horses sent to the veterinary clinic “Dr. Luis Medina”. History, physical examination, laboratory test and exploratory laparatomy were used for diagnostic purpose. The resolution of each case has been completed with a histopatlogic study of the anatomic segment involved. The resolution in the case number one was for pelvic flexure enterotomy to decompress the colon torsion. The case number two was threatened with large colon resection and sideto-side anastomosis of left dorsal and ventral colons. Both cases survived however the case two have better clinical progress post-surgical.

Abdomen agudo por quiste ovárico en recién nacido: caso reportado en el hospital pediátrico Doctor Roberto Gilbert Elizalde / Acute abdomen due to ovarían cyst in a newborn: case reported in the Doctor Roberto Gilbert Elizalde hospital

Los tumores abdominales en la etapa neonatal se los clasifica de acuerdo a su localización; en el caso de que sean pélvicos es necesario descartar entre quistes foliculares o del uraco, teratoma, hernia, hidrocele o hidrometrocolpos. Presentamos el caso de un neonato sexo femenino transferida desde el hospital gineco-obstétrico “Dr. Enrique C. Sotomayor” a las 20 horas de vida, con gran distensión abdominal, náuseas y vómitos; realizándole una laparotomía exploratoria observándose un quiste de ovario roto.

Abdominal tumors in the neonatal stage are classified according to their location; in case they are pelvic, it is necessary to rule out follicular cysts or urachus cyst, teratoma, hernia, hydrocele or hydrometrocolpos. This is the case of a female newborn transferred from “Dr. Enrique C. Sotomayor” OB-GYN Hospital, 20 hours after birth, with great abdominal distension, nausea, vomitus. An exploratory laparotomy was made and a torn ovarian cyst was`found.

Corrección quirúrgica de infartode intestino delgado en un equinomediante yeyunocecostomíacon grapadora quirúrgica mecánica / Surgical management of small intestine infarction by stapled jejunocecostomy in a horse

Un equino macho, entero, criollo colombiano de siete años de edad, fue remitido a la clínica de grandes animales del centro de veterinaria y zootecnia CES debido a síndrome abdominal agudo. Al ser evaluado clínicamente presentó depresión, ruidos abdominales disminuidos, deshidratación (6%), frecuencia cardiaca y respiratoria en 40 lpm y 28 rpm, respectivamente, temperatura en 37.1 °C y distensión marcada de intestino delgado evidente mediante palpación rectal y ultrasonografía transabdominal. No hubo respuesta a los analgésicos por parte del equino; los parámetros en líquido peritoneal estuvieron alterados. Se sospechó lesión estrangulante en intestino delgado. La laparotomía exploratoria reveló infarto idiopático de siete metros de yeyuno y la porción proximal del íleon. Fue practicada una yeyunocecostomía latero lateral con grapadora quirúrgica mecánica (GIA 80). El animal permaneció hospitalizado 10 días y la recuperación postquirúrgica fue exitosa. Este caso es el primer reporte en el país de esta cirugía.

A 7- years-old criollo colombiano stallion was referred to the Large Animal Hospital Centro de Veterinaria y Zootecnia CES (Envigado, Colombia) because of an acute abdominal syndrome that had persisted for seven hours despite medical treatment. On physical examination the stallion was depressed, dehydrated (6%), borborygmi were diminished, rectal temperature was � 37.1 °C,hearth and respiration rates were 40 beats/min and 28 breaths/min, respectively. On rectal examination and abdominal ultrasonography small intestine was distended. Peritoneal fluid analysis was altered. Signs of pain were nonresponsive to analgesics. The diagnosis by exploratory � laparotomywas infarctionof small intestine (seven meters of the jejunum and proximal portion of the ileum) of unknown etiology. A jejunocecostomy was done using a GIA 80 surgical stapler (United Surgical). Postsurgical recuperation was successful. This case becomes the first report of a jejunocecostomy in a horse in Colombia.