Social Disaster Adaptation Experiences of Railroad Workers: Focused on the Iri Station Explosion of 1977 / 산업간호학회지

PURPOSE: The Iri station explosion that occurred in 1977 was a major social disaster in Korea, caused by a fire in a train equipped with explosives. The purpose of this study was to investigate the social disaster adaptation experiences of railroad workers. METHODS: This study was based on qualitative research using phenomenological methodology. Participants were six railroad workers who experienced the Iri station explosion. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with individual workers from March to June, 2018. The data analysis method was based on Colaizzi's approach. RESULTS: Experiences of railroad workers were categorized into 12 themes and the following 6 theme clusters: (1) Anxiety due to the extreme vibration and crash, (2) Terror regarding the horrible situation that one cannot face, (3) Anger about the cause of the explosion and a sense of relief about survival, (4) Confusion regarding different rumors, (5) Various efforts to return to daily life, and (6) Trauma that continues to exist. CONCLUSION: The findings of this study recommend that railroad organizations and managers should pay attention to enhance disaster preparedness and develop organizational disaster coping guidelines for members. The results of this study can help us to better understand the various aspects of the Iri station explosion of 1977.

Transverse Fracture of the Stapes Anterior Crus Caused by the Blast Pressure from a Land Mine Explosion

Stapes fractures without other ossicle problems are rare and ossicle problems due to explosion pressure are also rare. We describe a very rare case of stapes anterior crural fracture resulting from a land mine explosion. As this case suggests, a close examination of the ossicles is necessary during an exploration tympanotomy.

Research on the shock protection of surface ship crew subjected to underwater explosion / 医用生物力学

Objective To study the methods of reducing the shock response of surface ship crew by under water explosion. Method The shock response lumped parameter models were established to study the influence on surface ship crew with different structure parameters in standing, sitting and walking posture. Results For ship crew with sitting posture, the shock response of the pelvis could be reduced by enlarging the damping ratio and stiffness ratio between the deck and the chair. For ship crew with both standing posture and walking posture, the shock response of the limb could be reduced by enlarging the damping coefficient of the deck. Conclusions By adding anti shock chairs or laying anti-shock material on the deck, the damping ratio and stiffness ratio between the deck and the chair, or the damping coefficient of the deck could be enlarged, and the shock response of the surface ship crew could be reduced.

Preparo do intestino grosso para a coloscopia: usos, abusos e idéias controversas / Bowel preparation for colonoscopy: myths and misconceptions

O uso rotineiro do exame coloscópico para avaliação, diagnóstico e procedimentos terapêutico das doenças dos cólons e do reto, bem como para rastreamento e prevenção do câncer colorretal, seja em pessoas jovens portadores de doenças reconhecidamente pré-malignas ou em pessoas acima do 50 anos de idade, tem sido considerado um dos mais bem sucedidos projetos de saúde pública de extensão mundial. A fácil aceitação se deve a três principais fatores: primeiro, à adequação técnica e evolução dos aparelhos e a segurança do exame; segundo, ao desenvolvimento prático das habilidades do examinador e, terceiro, a magnificência da imagem revelando amplo acesso às finas características da mucosa, com critérios abrangentes para o diagnóstico. Nesse contexto, o preparo necessário para o resultado expressivo que se intenta tornou-se a parte pior ou menos tolerável da coloscopia, razão pela qual o que está em discussão atualmente é a necessária busca com o objetivo de se encontrar um método de preparo, rápido, eficiente, barato, agradável e, principalmente seguro. Nos últimos 40 anos, entre as várias fórmulas - mecânicas e farmacológicas - com diferentes associações de drogas laxativas, tem sido possível destacar três produtos que, pelo menos por algum tempo, foram referências mundiais na limpeza dos cólons que antecede a coloscopia. São eles: primeiro, a solução de manitol a 10 por cento - descartado por causa de acidentes explosivos; segundo, as soluções de polietileno glicol (PEG), depreciado por conta da exigência da ingestão oral de grandes volumes, pelos consequentes distúrbios do equilíbrio hidroeletrolítico e pela rejeição por parte do paciente; e, o terceiro, o fosfato de sódio (NaP) que poderia parecer ideal, mas vem recebendo críticas veementes por causa de seus efeitos colaterais, mormente os nefrotóxicos. Não está em jogo a eficácia desses três produtos, mas a segurança que deveria determinar seus usos indiscriminados para propiciar as melhores condições para os mais adequados exames. Estamos diante de um impasse: o manitol, mundialmente proscrito, continua sendo indicado entre nós, sem causar problemas, num esquema posológico diferente do que foi usado no passado e que influenciou os acidentes. Por outro lado, a industria farmacêutica não conseguiu popularizar o PEG; o NaP, fabricado para uso retal, substituiu os antecessores com limpeza eficiente, mas com ações lesivas significativas, principalmente renais. Assim, o que nos resta é resgatar o manitol - demonstrar por meio de um estudo prospectivo, casualizado, que o manitol a 10 por cento ingerido pelo menos até 4 horas antes da coloscopia é totalmente inócuo para o procedimento de diagnóstico e de terapêutica.

The routine of the colonoscopic examination for therapeutic evaluation, for diagnosis, and management of the diseases of the colon and of the rectum, as well as for screening and prevention of the colorectal cancer in young patients bearing premalignant diseases or in those above 50 years of age, as well as for screening and prevention of the colorectal cancer in young patients bearing premalignant diseases or in those above 50 years of age, has been one of the most successful public health projects worldwide71. The easy acceptance is due to three principal factors: first, to the technical adaptation and evolution of the instruments, and the safety of the examination; second one, to the practical development of the examiner skills, and, thirdly, to the magnificence of the image revealing broad access to the fine structures of the mucous membrane, with a large criteria for the diagnosis. In this context, the necessary preparation became the worst part or less tolerable of the colonoscopy. For this reason, it is necessary to look for a method of preparation, quick, efficient, cheap, pleasant, and safe. In the last 40 years, between the commentaries on mechanical and pharmacological methods - with different associations of laxative drugs - it was possible to find three products that, at least during some time, were world-wide references on large bowel cleaning for colonoscopy. They are: first, a 10 percent mannitol solution - it was dropped because of explosives accidents ; second, the polyethylene glycol (PEG) solutions, it was depreciated due to the requirement of large volumes for oral ingestion, due to electrolytic balance disturbance and rejection by the patient, and the third, the sodium phosphate (NaP) that would seem ideal, but that has received criticism because of its side effects, especially the nephrotoxicity. There is no the discussion on the efficiency of these three products, but on the safety with which we might promote their indiscriminate uses to offer the best conditions on performance of the colonoscopy. However, we have an impasse: the mannitol was abandoned, but it keeps on indicated among us, without causing problems, in a scheme that is different from which was used in the past when it influenced the accidents. On the other hand, the pharmaceutical industry did not manage to popularize PEG; the NaP is manufactured for rectal use, it substituted the predecessors with efficient cleaning, but with significantly harmful lesions. So, which remains for us is to rescue the mannitol - for that, we must evidence through a randomized trial that a oral ingestion of 10 percent mannitol solution, at least up to 4 hours before the colonoscopy, is totally harmless on diagnosis and therapeutic procedures.